1,721,042 research outputs found
Response to letter by Azziz R., et al.
Full text linkComment on
The polycystic ovary syndrome evolutionary paradox: a genome-wide association studies-based, in silico, evolutionary explanation. [J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2014]
Letter to the editor re: Casarini and Brigante, 2014, from Azziz R., et al. [J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2015
The polycystic ovary syndrome evolutionary paradox: a genome-wide association studies-based, in silico, evolutionary explanation.
No full textObjective:
In this study we analyze the PCOS phenotype-genotype relationship in silico, using SNPs of representative genes for analysis of genetic clustering and distance, to evaluate the degree of genetic similarity.
Data Source:
1000 Genomes, HapMap, and Human Genome Diversity Project databases were used as source of allele frequencies of the SNPs, using data from male and female individuals grouped according to their geographical ancestry.
Setting and Design:
Genetic clustering was calculated from SNPs data by Bayesian inference. The inferred ancestry of individuals was matched with PCOS phenotype data, extracted from a previous meta-analysis. The measure of genetic distance was plotted against the geographic distance between the populations.
Results:
The individuals were assigned to five genetic clusters, matching with different world regions (Kruskal-Wallis/Dunn's post test; P < .0001), and converging in two main PCOS phenotypes in different degrees of affinity. The overall genetic distance increased with the geographic distance among the populations (linear regression; R2 = 0.21; P < .0001), in a phenotype-unrelated manner.
Conclusions:
Phenotype-genotype correlations were demonstrated, suggesting that PCOS genetic gradient results from genetic drift due to a serial founder effect occurred during ancient human migrations. The overall prevalence of the disease supports intralocus sexual conflict as alternative to the natural selection of phenotypic traits in females
Is polycystic ovary syndrome a sexual conflict? A review
No full textSeveral studies have attempted to explain the high overall prevalence of polycystic ovary syndrome among women worldwide (about 4-10%) despite its link to subfertile phenotypes. For this reason, it is considered an evolutionary paradox. In this review, we show that several genetic loci associated with the disease differently modulate the reproductive parameters of men and women. This observation suggests that such genetic variants lead to opposite effects in the two sexes in reproductive success. Intralocus sexual conflict as a cause of the persistence polycystic ovary syndrome genotypes among humans is supported
Crosstalk between gonadotropins and thyroid axis
No full textGonadotropins and thyroid hormones are essential, respectively, for reproduction and metabolism. The classical endocrinological approach is based on the detection of axes that start from the hypothalamus and arrive at the final effector organ, in this case gonads and thyroid. However, several clues suggest that these axes do not work in parallel, but they dialogue with each other. In this article, we review evidences demonstrating crosstalk between gonadotropins and thyroid axis. Firstly, there is an undeniable structural similarity of both hormones and receptors, maybe due to a common ancient origin. This structural similarity leads to possible interaction at the receptor level, explaining the influence of thyroid stimulating hormone on gonadal development and viceversa. Indeed, altered levels of thyroid hormones could lead to different disorders of gonadal development and function throughout entire life, especially during puberty and fertile life. We here report the current knowledge on this item both in males and in females. In particular, we deepen the interaction between thyroid and gonads in two situations in females: polycystic ovary syndrome, the most frequent cause of menstrual alteration, and pregnancy
Nuovi scenari di disfunzione sessuale: il paziente HIV positivo
No full textIl capitolo esamina la prevalenza delle disfunzioni sessuali maschili in pazienti con infezione da HIV. Inoltre le peculiarità riguardanti la clinica (diagnosi e terapia) delle disfunzioni sessuali in tale particolare contesto vengono analizzate in dettagli
Ruolo diagnostico del dosaggio della calcitonina su liquido di lavaggio da agoaspirato tiroideo nel carcinoma midollare della tiroide
No full text
Effect of the Glucagon-Like Peptide-1 Receptor Agonists on Autonomic Function in Subjects with Diabetes: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Full text linkBackground: In addition to the metabolic effects in diabetes, glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor (GLP-1R) agonists lead to a small but substantial increase in heart rate (HR). However, the GLP-1R actions on the autonomic nervous system (ANS) in diabetes remain debated. Therefore, this meta-analysis evaluates the effect of GLP-1R agonist on measures of ANS function in diabetes. Methods: According to the Cochrane Collaboration and Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) statement, we conducted a meta-analysis considering clinical trials in which the autonomic function was evaluated in diabetic subjects chronically treated with GLP-1R agonists. The outcomes were the change of ANS function measured by heart rate variability (HRV) and cardiac autonomic reflex tests (CARTs). Results: In the studies enrolled, HR significantly increased after treatment (P<0.001), whereas low frequency/high frequency ratio did not differ (P=0.410); no changes in other measures of HRV were detected. Considering CARTs, only the 30:15 value derived from lying-to-standing test was significantly lower after treatment (P=0.002), but only two studies reported this measurement. No differences in other CARTs outcome were observed. Conclusion: The meta-analysis confirms the HR increase but seems to exclude an alteration of the sympatho-vagal balance due to chronic treatment with GLP-1R agonists in diabetes, considering the available measures of ANS function
Use of l-Arginine with Growth Hormone-Releasing Hormone (GHRH) and the Endocrine Response
No full textArginine is one of the most common natural amino acids that takes part to the structure of the messenger ribonucleic acid (mRNA). In mammals l-arginine is a semiessential or an essential amino acid depending on age
- …
