921,378 research outputs found
The "double whammy" of addiction and prison:recovering without recovery
No full textMy name is Andi Brierley, and I am currently a Senior Lecturer in Criminology, Investigation and Policing at Leeds Trinity University (LTU). I have been in Higher Education for around 3 years as I write this chapter and prior to this role, I was a Senior Teacher on the Custodial Leadership MSc delivered by LTU in partnership with the Unlocked Graduates. This is a graduate scheme, and the students are required to work as front-line prison officers while studying for the MSc degree. Before starting that role in September 2021, I worked in the field of Youth Justice with children and young people receiving Youth Justice disposals from 2008. This started through working with children sentenced for the most serious offences and in the latter part of my Youth Justice journey within a strategic role safely reducing children in the care of the Local Authority encountering the Youth Justice System. This role was responding to various independent reports highlighting an overrepresentation of those who experience care within the criminal justice system and how it can impair health and social outcomes
Ecological and acoustic investigations of jellyfish (Scyphozoa and Hydrozoa)
No full textAs the biomass of jellyfish (medusae of the Scyphozoa and Hydrozoa) has risen in numerous locations worldwide, awareness of their potential to exert a controlling influence on marine ecosystems and hinder the recruitment of fish stocks has increased. Medusae are capable of intensive, size–selective, predation on zooplankton, which may alter the composition of the plankton community. Jellyfish are often found in dense layers, up to hundreds of metres thick, which can extend horizontally for hundreds of kilometres. Such aggregations may benefit specialist feeders, such as turtles, that rely upon jellyfish for food and those fish that are able to find refuge under the jellyfish umbrellas. Nonetheless, the predominance of jellyfish in pelagic ecosystems is not generally viewed as desirable; in fact, this situation has been portrayed as the result of pollution and overexploitation of otherwise productive seas. However, jellyfish are sensitive indicators of environmental change, and their populations appear to respond to climatic fluctuations, so jellyfish warrant study for their intrinsic ecosystem role particularly given present concerns over climate change. With growing acceptance that fishery management should take an holistic ‘ecosystem approach’, knowledge of the interactions between jellyfish, fisheries and climate may be vital in progression towards the goal of ecosystem–based sustainable management of fisheries. Unfortunately, due to their gelatinous nature, medusae are difficult to sample using conventional netting techniques and data on changes in distribution and abundance are consequently sparse. Recent studies have demonstrated that medusae can be detected acoustically and that this technique could provide a rapid and cost–effective estimate of their biomass and distribution. This thesis reports my endeavour to demonstrate the ecosystem role of medusae and to develop acoustic techniques to monitor their biomass. Through regession analyses, I link the abundance of medusae (Aurelia aurita, Cyanea lamarckii, and Cyanea capillata) in regions of the North Sea to climatic fluctuations, as quantified by the North Atlantic Oscillation Index, and show that medusae may be important indicators of regional ecosystem change. The mechanisms linking climatic fluctuations to ecosystem changes are explored via a correlative modelling approach using General Additive Models; I show that the mechanisms are location dependent and explainable in terms of direct, rapidly responding (intra–annual) influences (surface warming, river run–off, and wind–driven mixing and advection) and longer–term (interannual) oceanographic responses (changes in circulation currents i.e. the northward extent of the gulf stream and relative strength of inflow into the North Sea of the North Atlantic current, Continental Shelf Jet and Arctic waters). I present correlative evidence for a detrimental impact by Aurelia aurita on herring 0–group recruitment, once the influence of interannual change in herring spewing stock biomass on recruitment is factored out through modelling with a Ricker stock–recruitment relationship. Similarly, a commensal relationship between whiting and Cyanea spp. medusae is shown to improve North Sea whiting survival to the 1–group. In progress towards the automated acoustic identification of species, I have developed an in situ discrimination tool that can distinguish between echoes from: Aequorea aequorea; Chrysaora hysoscella; clupeid fish (sardine, anchovy and round herring); and horse mackerel/Cape hake. The technique relies upon characteristic differences in echo strength between frequencies, which are determined for each jellyfish species and finfish group using combined multifrequency acoustic and pelagic trawl samples. This method has facilitated the world’s first acoustic–based estimate of jellyfish biomass in the Namibian Benguela Sea. The 12.2 million tonnes of biomass of medusae (Aequorea aequorea and Chrysaora hysoscella) in the Namibian Benguela Sea was found to be greater than the combined biomass, 3.6 million tonnes, of commercially important fish (horse mackerel, Cape hake, sardines, anchovy, and round herring) in the same area. These results suggest that medusae may have an important role in the Benguela ecosystem that has previously been overlooked and that their biomass should be monitored
Janette Brierley: pushing back the boundaries
No full text Many midwives hold the view that as midwifery practice involves exposureprone invasive procedures, it is not practicable for an individual who is HIV positive to undertake midwifery training. Janette Brierley, who died tragically from complications following routine surgery in November, challenged this view. </jats:p
Variations on the Author
No full text“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
The uses of product costs in decision making in British manufacturing industry
No full textThis paper assess the use of product costs in decision-making. Using questionnaire responses and interviews with British management accountants, product costs are used all the time in decision making to support the profit motive in profit/investment centres and to control costs in cost centres. They are used only sometimes in decision making when there are limitations in the product costing system and/or the market has a greater role in decision-making. Operating units use product costs as attention directing information in decision making: to highlight loss making products for special studies to identify any further information required, because market-based information has an important role in decision making and when product costs are not accurate enough to use directly in decision-making. Operating units use product costs directly in decision making because they have confidence in the accuracy of costs or because of ignorance of using the information as attention directing information
Connecting with young people in trouble:: risk, relationships and lived experience
No full textThis powerful critique of youth justice based on lived experience, theory and practice looks at the topic through a refreshing new lens, suggesting that some existing ways of dealing with children and young people may do more harm than good. After making readers aware of Risk Relation Paradox, the author shows that positive outcomes cannot be imposed or directed but that they can stem from 'presence, attunement, connection and trust' (PACT). Then priority should be given to buffering the impact of familiar but questionable relationships in a youngster's own 'village' that may have led to toxic stress, complex trauma, criminal or anti-authority attitudes and other adverse childhood experiences. In arguing for change, Andi Brierley brings his extensive experience on both sides of the justice fence as prisoner and professional to bear - and whilst he champions the engagement skills of others who have travelled a similar journey, he also explains how the approach can be used by anyone
Investigations into the use of quantified Bayesian Maximum Entropy methods to generate improved distribution maps and biomass estimates from fisheries acoustic survey data
No full textThis thesis describes elements of the assessment and application of Bayesian Maximum Entropy (MaxEnt) image reconstruction techniques for the analysis of fisheries acoustic survey data. The objective is to investigate the utility of this approach in mapping density distributions and estimating biomass. The MaxEnt image reconstruction method derives originally from the field of astrophysics, and this thesis represents an attempt to apply the principles of MaxEnt to the field of ocean ecology. Essentially, what is required is to generate maps of the density distribution of pelagic species (species living in the water column) from extremely limited and sometimes skewed line-transect acoustic survey data. Techniques used presently are largely unsatisfactory for a variety of reasons, and are often inapplicable for data from surveys that do not follow a particular design strategy. This thesis investigates the usefulness of the MaxEnt technique in overcoming some of the difficulties of acoustic survey analysis. A study is made into the possibility of objectively testing whether these techniques offer improvements in accuracy over existing techniques, by attempting to reconstruct simulated data from a virtual survey. I find that plausible reconstructions are possible, and that statistical comparisons indicate these reconstructions are accurate. The technique is also applied quantitatively to
real-world survey data, offering new insights into the abundance of Antarctic krill (Euphausia superba) in the Scotia Sea - raising abundance estimates from 109 million tonnes to 208 million tonnes - and into the relative abundance of fish and jellyfish in the Namibian Benguela, where it is shown that the biomass of jellyfish (12.2 million tonnes) now exceeds that of fish (3.6 million tonnes)
Automatically generated, phonemic Arabic-IPA pronunciation tiers for the boundary annotated Qur’an dataset for machine learning (version 2.0)
No full textIn this paper, we augment the Boundary Annotated Qur’an dataset published at LREC 2012 (Brierley et al 2012; Sawalha et al 2012a) with automatically generated phonemic transcriptions of Arabic words. We have developed and evaluated a comprehensive grapheme-phoneme mapping from Standard Arabic > IPA (Brierley et al under review), and implemented the mapping in Arabic transcription technology which achieves 100% accuracy as measured against two gold standards: one for Qur’anic or Classical Arabic, and one for Modern Standard Arabic (Sawalha et al [1]). Our mapping algorithm has also been used to generate a pronunciation guide for a subset of Qur’anic words with heightened prosody (Brierley et al 2014). This is funded research under the EPSRC " Working Together" theme
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
No full textWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
The construction of Karen Karnak: The multi-author-function
No full textThis thesis is situated within the comparatively recent developments of Web 2.0 and the emergence of interactive WikiMedia, and explores the mode of authorship within a Read/Write culture compared to that of a Read/Only tradition. The hypothesis of this study is that the role of the audience has become merged with the author, and as such, represents new functions and attributes, distinct from a more conventional concept of authorship, in which the roles of audience and author are more separate. Read/Write and participatory culture, as defined by this study, is focused on collaboration, and includes the influences of D.I.Y. culture, Open-Source practices and the production of text by multiple authors. Multi-authorship presents a re-thinking of several concepts which support the notion of the individual author, since the focus of multi-authorship is not on attribution and ownership of a finished text, but on the continued malleability of a text. Modes of multi-authorship, demonstrated in the use of the pseudonyms Alan Smithee and Karen Eliot, represent declarative authors whose names signify multiple origins, whilst concurrently indicating a distinct body of work. The function of these names form an important context to this study, since primary research involves the construction of an experimental mode of multi-authorship utilising WikiMedia technology and the interaction of thirty nine participants, who are invited to create a body of work under the collective pseudonym Karen Karnak. The data generated by this experiment is analysed using aspects of Michel Foucault's author-function to identify and determine power structures inherent in the WikiMedia context. The interplay of power structures, including concepts such as identity, ownership and the body of work, affect the resulting mode of authorship and contribute to the construction of Karen Karnak, suggesting further areas of research into the emerging multi-author
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