1,721,060 research outputs found
Analysis of choices and consumption pecularities of digestive enzymes and other digestion improving medicines
No full textAnalyse choices and consumption pecularities of digestive enzymes and other digestion improving medicines among the patiets of public pharmacy
Evaluation of vihicle's effect on salicylic acid release in vitro from semi-solid preparations
No full textObjective of work: to evaluate quality of salicylic acid ointments manufactured by pharmacies by assessing release of salicylic acid in vitro and suggest alternative composition and technique semi- solid preparation, characterized by the same or better release of salicylic acid. Main tasks: 1. To select and adapt a suitable method for quantity analysis for salicylic acid; 2. To select appropriate conditions for salicylic acid release in vitro from semi- solid preparation; 3. To research release of salicylic acid in vitro from semi-solid preparations made by Lithuanian pharmacies; 4. To formulate semi- solid preparations containing salicylic acid and evaluate quality; 5. To research release of salicylic acid in vitro from formulated semi- solid preparations and compare release results with release results of semi- solid preparations made by Lithuanian pharmacies. Methods: release of salicylic acid from semi- solid preparations executed by using modificated vertical diffusion Franz cells. The quantity analysis executed by using spectrophotometric methods. UV- Vis spectrophotometer Agilent 8453, wavelength 296 nm, calibration curve within 0,005- 0,03 mg/ml. Ointments quality evaluated by pH and dynamic viscosity. Results: after 4 h 5 % salicylic acid ointments released salicylic acid: LSMU pharmacy‘s ointment- 3,36 %, “Ąžuolyno” pharmacy‘s ointment- 2,54 %, UAB “VJV“ ointment- 2,71 %, experimental ointment- 1,89 %; ointments made by mixing in mortar with glycerol- 2,27 %, 1,2-propanediol- 3,43 %, polyethelene glycol 400- 4,04 %; ointments made by mixing in mortar and automatic mixer with glycerol- 2,29 %, 1,2-propanediol- 3,50 %, polyethelene glycol 400- 4,24 %; ointments made by mixing in mortar and automatic mixer, before that vaseline was molten, with glycerol- 2,73 %; 1,2-propanediol- 3,64 %; polyethelene glycol 400- 4,92 %. Conclusions: 1. Selected and adapted a suitable UV spectrophotometric method for quantity analysis for salicylic acid. The method was sufficiently accurate. 2. 2 % polysorbate 80 solution was selected as appropriate acceptor medium. 3. There was approved different salicylic acid release from ointments made by Lithuanian pharmacies. The most salicylic acid released from LSMU pharmacie‘s ointment. 4. Based on scientific literature were developed ointments containing salicylic acid and their quality were evaluated. Formulated ointments pH was acidic (≤3,06), dynamic viscosity 6,21-7,19 Pa•s. 5. Release of salicylic acid in vitro from semi- solid preparations made by pharmacies and formulated in laboratory was evaluated. The greatest share of salicylic acid among oitments was released by ointment made by dissolving salicylic acid in 10 % polyethelene glycol 400 and inserting this into molten vaseline by mixing in mortar and automatic mixer. Ointment made in this way release salicylic acid 1,5 times more than ointment made by LSMU pharmacy
Study of fatty acids and terpenes effect on tolnaftate penetration into human skin from dermatological systems in vitro
No full textChemical penetration enhancers, namely fatty acids and terpenes, incorporated into model drug containing polyethylene glycol 400 solution, ointment and o/w cream, were investigated. The effects of chemical penetration enhancers in human skin in vitro were determined in accordance with lipophilic model drug, tolnaftate, penetration. Fatty acids (aliphatic carboxylic acids, saturated and unsaturated fatty acids) and terpenes (monocyclic and bicyclic monoterpenes, monoterpene alcohols, ketones and oxides), differing by their mechanisms of action in the skin, were studied and compared for their enhancing effect on tolnaftate’s diffusion into human skin. Evaluations were made of (i) the kinetics of tolnaftate release from semi–solid formulations in vitro, (ii) the effects of fatty acids and terpenes on tolnaftate penetration into human skin, applying on it experimental dermatological systems – solution, ointment and o/w cream as well as commercial creams of tolnaftate, (iii) the dependence of fatty acids enhancing effect on their physicochemical properties – hydrocarbon chain length, presence of double bonds, spatial configuration of molecules, (iv) the penetration of exogenous fatty acids into human skin layers using time–of–flight secondary ion mass spectrometry (ToF–SIMS). ToF-SIMS imaging allowed to map reproducibly and rapidly oleic, linoleic, lauric and capric acid molecules directly on biological tissue and to relate the results to fatty acids effect on tolnaftate diffusion into the skin in vitro
Biopharmaceutical evaluation of dihydroquercetin topical delivery systems
No full textThe aim: to evaluate biopharmaceutical characteristics of dihydroquercetin topical delivery systems. Tasks: to develop and validate ultra-high performance liquid chromatography method; to prepare experimental dihydroquercetin formulations – gels and microemulsions – and evaluate their quality; to assess dihydroquercetin penetration from experimental formulations into human skin ex vivo; to evaluate the influence of penetration enhancers on dihydroquercetin penetration into human skin layers. Methods. Validated ultra-high performance liquid chromatography method was used for identification and quantification of dihydroquercetin. In vitro release studies were performed using modified Franz type diffusion cells. Dihydroquercetin skin penetration experiments ex vivo were carried out using full-thickness human skin in modified Bronaugh type flow-through diffusion cells. Results. Dihydroquercetin release from gel formulations in vitro ranged from 0.75 mg/cm2 (26.62 proc.) to 2.17 mg/cm2 (76.66 proc.). Dihydroquercetin release was influenced by the concentration of carbomer 980 and the presence of chemical penetration enhancers. Dihydroquercetin amounts penetrated from 1% dihydroquercetin gels ranged from 0.9882 ± 0.1854 µg/mg to 3.2074 ± 0.2392 µg/mg in epidermis and from 0.0028 ± 0.007 µg/mg to 0.0242 ± 0.0066 µg/mg in dermis. Pine needle oil and spruce needle oil enhanced dihydroquercetin penetration into skin layers at statistically significant level (p<0.05). Enhancing ratios for spruce needle oil and pine needle oil were determined: epidermis – 2.68 and 1.86, dermis – 7.49 and 3.05, respectively. Diethylene glycol monoethyl ether and PEG-8 caprylic/capric glycerides were not effective as penetration enhancers. Dihydroquercetin amounts detected in epidermis from 5:1, 6:1 and 7:1 surfactant and cosurfactant ratios (S:CoS) microemulsions (MEs) ranged from 0.0762 ± 0.0087 µg/mg to 0.0906 ± 0.0166 µg/mg. Dihydroquercetin was identified both in dermis and acceptor medium below the limit of quantification. S:CoS ratios and dynamic viscosity did not demonstrated significant influence on dihydroquercetin penetration from MEs. Conclusions. In vitro release studies confirmed the suitability of gel formulations for topical delivery of dihydroquercetin. Results demonstrated that dihydroquercetin penetration into human skin was more effective from gels compared to microemulsions (p<0.05). Spruce needle oil was the most effective penetration enhancer (p<0.05)
Modeling of semisolid systems containing ascorbic acid and α-tocopherol, and their biopharmaceutical evaluation
No full textCombination of ascorbic acid and α-tocopherol in semi-hard topical dosage form can be an effective way to increase the antioxidant levels in skin. It is important, to allow for solubiliy of ascorbic acid and α-tocopherol, as to model semi-hard system, that will release the two materials. There is a problem: how to formulate a suitable semi-hard vehicle to different physico-chemical properties materials and how the selected vehicle influence on release of medicinal substances from the semi-hard systems? Objective: To evaluate the possibilities formulate semi-solid vehicle systems with hydrophilic or lipophilic pharmaceutical substances and to evaluate them biopharmaceutical investigations. Main tasks: 1. To select and adapt a suitable method for quantitive analysis for active substances. 2. To select the appropriate experimental conditions for testing the in vitro release of pharmaceutical substances from semi-solid formulations. 3. To formulate semi-solid preparations of different lipophilicity, and to evaluate their quality; 4. To evaluate stability of hydrophilic and lipophilic pharmaceutical substances, and their in vitro release from the semi-solid systems
Evaluation of carrier type, physical and chemical enhancers for transungual delivery of amorolfine and naftifine
No full textTopical treatment of onychomycosis is complicated by the structure of the nail, one of the strongest hydrophilic barriers in the human body. Keratin molecules are linked by disulfide bonds, which determine the strength of the nail plate and the limited permeability of lipophilic substances. In this research, two antifungal agents were selected: amorolfine and naftifine. The hydrophilic properties of nail and the lipophilicity of antifungal agents result in limited penetration into deeper nail layers. In order to improve the possibilities of modifying the penetration into the nail, the application of carriers: nail lacquers and microemulsions was evaluated. During formulation, it is important to assess carriers’ ability to release active substances and their suitability for penetration of substances into the nail. The results of the biopharmaceutical studies allowed to evaluate the appropriateness of formulations and to determine the distribution of active substances in human nails. In assessing the influence of chemical and physical agents on penetration processes, an interacting effect of laser and thioglycolic acid, which increases accumulation of amorolfine and naftifine and permeation through the nail, has been established. Evaluating the outcomes of formulations to human nail in vitro and ex vivo studies allows predicting the effectiveness of formulated systems on the surface of the nail and effectively controlling the quality of the developed products. The objectives of the study. 1. To model different dosage forms of amorolfine and naftifine used on the nail, to optimize their composition and evaluate quality. 2. To evaluate the kinetics of amorolfine and naftifine release from experimental nail lacquers formulations and determine drug penetration from microemulsions into human nail plate layers. 3. To evaluate the influence of chemical enhancers on the accumulation of amorolfine and naftifine in the bovine hooves as a nail system and selected enhancers compatibility with the components of optimized formulation. 4. To evaluate the effect of physical enhancers on the accumulation of amorolfine and naftifine in the human nail. 5. To evaluate the influence of physical and chemical enhancers combi-nation on the permeability of amorolfine and naftifine into human nai
Modeling of liposomal nano-carriers with dihydroquercetin, their characterisation and photoprotective properties evaluation
No full text[...]. The aim of the study. To design nano structured liposomal systems for dihydroquercetin delivery into the skin and evaluate their protective effects from UV rays damage using biological methods. The objectives of the study: 1. To evaluate the properties of dihydroquercetin for protecting cell cultures from UV irradiation in vitro. 2. To investigate and select plant based materials for skin penetration enhancement of dihydroquercetin. 3. To design lipid nano-carriers systems with dihydroquercetin containing selected skin penetration enhancers, perform optimisation and evaluate their quality. 4. To perform biopharmaceutical characterization of experimental formulations and evaluate their skin penetration into human skin ex vivo. 5. To evaluate the properties of experimental formulations for protecting cell cultures from UV irradiation in vitro. [...]
Transdermal delivery of lidocaine hydrochloride using polymer-coated microneedles.
No full textThe aim of the study: to model a polymer film with lidocaine hydrochloride for coating on microneedles to achieve effective penetration of the lidoacaine hydrochloride into the skin. Research object : polymer-coated microneedles. Relevance: traditional methods of injecting lidocaine hydrochloride into the body cause pain to patients, mechanically damage to tissues and risk of microbial infection. To use of polymer-coated microneedles is considered a rational alternative to injections and means to achieve an effective delivery of drugs to the skin and such studies are considered relevant. Methods: polymer films production by solvent casting method; evaluation of physical – chemical and mechanical properties (mass, thickiness, time of dissolution, pH, humidity, stickiness, tensile force, distance to rupture point); determination penetration of the lidocaine hydrochloride into the skin by ultra high-performance liquid chromatography method. Main tasks: to form a polymer film from polyvinyl alcohol, carboxymethylcellulose sodium salt and plasticizer; to study the physical – chemical and mechanical properties of polymer films with lidocaine hydrochloride and to select the most one suitable for coating on microneedle; to evaluate the effect of different microneedles on the dermal penetration (ex vivo) of lidocaine hydrochloride from polymer solutions; to determine the dermal penetration (ex vivo) of lidocaine hydrochloride using polymer-coated microneedles. Results: formed a polymeric film from polyvinyl alcohol, carboxymethylcellulose sodium salt in a ratio 1:3 with propylene glycol in a ratio 1:20. Diffferent concentrations of 5 %, 7 % and 10 % lidocaine hydrochloride were added to the selected polymer films and the physicochemical and mechanical properties of the polymer films were investigated. Weight of the polymer films from 0,135 to 0,142 g, thickness from 154,200 to 161,800 µm, time of dissolution from 5,170 to 5,375 min humidity from 6,118 to 6,626 %, pH value from 6,397 to 6,521, top stickiness from 0,614 to 0,856 N, bottom from 0,590 to 0,956 N, tensile force from 7,259 to 8,105 N, the distance to the rupture point from 7,992 to 8,317 mm. After testing these properties a polymer film with 10 % lidocaine hydrochloride was selected according to the highest top (0,856 N) and bottom (0,956 N) stickiness, humidity (6,626 %) and tensile force (8,105 N), the distance to the rupture point (8,317 mm). The highest penetration of lidocaine hydrochloride from polymer solutions into the skin was using 800 µm lenght and 400 µm width and 600 µm lenght and 600 µm lenght and 200 µm width microneedles. The minimum penetration of lidocaine hydrochloride was using 400 µm lenght and 200 µm width microneedles. The highest dermal penetration of lidocaine hydrochloride was using 600 µm lenght and 200 µm width polymer-coated microneedles. The minimum dermal penetration of lidocaine hydrochloride was using 800 µm lenght and 400 µm width microneedles. Conclusions: the polymer film formed from polyvinyl alcohol and carboxymethylcellulose sodium salt with propylene glycol was with suitable properties for the incorporation of the model drug–lidocaine hydrochloride. After incorporating different amounts of lidocaine hydrochloride into the polymer films and investigated their physicochemical and mechanical properties, properties of the polymer films have changed. A polymer film with 10 % lidocaine hydrochloride was selected after evaluation of stickiness, humidity, tensile force, the distance to the rupture point. The highest penetration of lidocaine hydrochloride into the skin (ex vivo) from polymer solutions was using 800 µm lenght and 400 µm width and 600 µm lenght and 200 µm width microneedles. Minimum penetration of lidocaine hydrochloride from the damaged skin was using 400 lenght and 200 µm width microneedles. After evaluating the results of lidocaine hydrochloride for film coating were selected 800 µm lenght and 400 µm width and 600 µm lenght and 200 µm width microneedles. The amount of drug penetrated into the dermis after skin damage with 600 µm lenght and 200 µm lenght microneedles did not differ statistically significiantly, penetration was not affected by the lenght of the microneedles
Development and evaluation of antioxidant preparations containing black currant (Ribes nigrum L.) berries extract
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