919 research outputs found
Tau, β-amyloid and β-amyloid precursor protein distribution in the entorhinal-hippocampal alvear and perforant pathways in the Alzheimer's brain
No full textIt has been suggested that the pathological lesions of Alzheimer's disease (AD) spread along neuronal connections. This study was designed to examine this hypothesis in the alvear and perforant pathways, two well-defined neuroanatomical pathways that project from the entorhinal cortex to the hippocampus. Paraffin-sections of hippocampal-entorhinal cortex from 25 AD cases were immunolabelled for tau, β-amyloid (Aβ) and β-amyloid precursor protein (βAPP). We used image-analysis to quantify immunolabelling at both ends of the alvear and perforant pathways. At the beginning and the end of the alvear pathway, area of immunolabelling in µm2 per area of field (72000 µm2) were as follows: tau 349 and 821 (P<0.01), Aβ 349 and 61 (P<0.05) and βAPP 18 and 73 (P<0.01). Corresponding values for the perforant pathway were tau 421 and 387, Aβ382 and 115 (P<0.05) and βAPP 55 and 83. Tau was significantly greater at the end than at the beginning of the alvear pathway, but similar at both ends of the perforant pathway. There was significantly more Aβ at the beginning than at the end of the alvear and perforant pathway. These results at least in part reinforce previous work [19] that tau-rich areas may be neuronally connected to Aβ-rich areas
Vision loss due to coincident ocular and central causes in a patient with Heidenhain variant Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease
No full textCreutzfeldt-Jakob disease (CJD) is a degenerative disease of the brain associated with a rapidly progressive spongiform encephalopathy. Visual symptoms and neuro-ophthalmological signs are not infrequent, and presentation to an ophthalmologist may result. A case is reported of an 89-years-old gentleman who presented with a short history of isolated deterioration in vision. He underwent ocular intervention but subsequently developed progressive dementia, asterixis, myoclonus, cerebellar and extrapyramidal signs, and cortical blindness. An electroencephalogram was consistent with CJD. The patient progressively deteriorated and died 9 weeks after symptom onset. Limited post-mortem examination confirmed CJ
Primary diffuse leptomeningeal gliomatosis predominantly affecting the spinal cord: case report and review of the literature
No full textPrimary leptomeningeal gliomatosis is a rare, fatal neoplastic syndrome. A 71 year old man is reported on, who after a 2 month history of back stiffness, epigastric pain, and weight loss developed visual blurring. Cranial CT and MRI studies showed no leptomeningeal enhancement. Examination of CSF 10 weeks premortem showed an increase in protein and decrease in glucose but no malignant cells. He became increasingly confused and repeated CSF examination showed inflammation and a few suspicious cells but no definitive evidence of neoplasia. He died 7 months after onset of his initial symptoms. At postmortem meningeal whitening was seen at the base of the brain and over the spinal cord. Histology disclosed diffuse leptomeningeal gliomatosis (GFAP positive, cytokeratin negative) over the brain, optic nerves, and spinal cord without parenchymal involvement. No tumour was found in internal organs. The diagnosis of primary leptomeningeal gliomatosis was not evident after cranial CT and MRI and CSF examination premortem. Suspected cases need MRI scanning of the entire neuraxis and meningeal biopsy
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
No full textWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Progressive myoclonus epilepsy with polyglucosans (Lafora disease): evidence for a third locus
No full textLafora disease (LD) is the most common teenage-onset progressive myoclonus epilepsy. It is caused by recessive mutations in the EPM2A or EPM2B genes. The authors describe a family with three affected members with no mutations in either gene. Linkage and haplotype analyses exclude both loci from causative involvement in this family. Therefore, a third LD locus is predicted. Its identification will be a crucial element in the understanding of the biochemical pathway underlying the generation of Lafora bodies and LD
Differential effects of antioxidants of ?-?- and H202-induced cell death in the SHSY-5Y neuronal cell line
No full textMarch 2007, case 2 - 40 year-old male with history of brain tumor 10 years ago - Final diagnosis - Diagnosis in 1992: astrocytoma, WHO grade II. Diagnosis in 2002: primitive neuroectodermal tumor (PNET), WHO grade IV
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An Illustrated Guide for Monitoring and Protecting Bridge Waterways Against Scour - Project TR-515 - Final Report, March 2006
No full textThis report is a well illustrated and practical Guide intended to aid engineers and
engineering technicians in monitoring, maintaining, and protecting bridge
waterways so as to mitigate or prevent scour from adversely affecting the
structural performance of bridge abutments, piers, and approach road
embankments. Described and illustrated here are the scour processes affecting
the stability of these components of bridge waterways. Also described and
illustrated are methods for monitoring waterways, and the various methods for
repairing scour damage and protecting bridge waterways against scour.
The Guide focuses on smaller bridges, especially those in Iowa. Scour processes
at small bridges are complicated by the close proximity of abutments, piers, and
waterway banks, such that scour processes interact in ways difficult to predict
and for which reliable design relationships do not exist. Additionally, blockage
by woody debris or by ice, along with changes in approach channel alignment,
can have greater effects on pier and abutment scour for smaller bridges. These
considerations tend to cause greater reliance on monitoring for smaller bridges.
The Guide is intended to augment and support, as a source of information,
existing procedures for monitoring bridge waterways. It also may prompt some
adjustments of existing forms and reports used for bridge monitoring. In accord
with increasing emphasis on effective management of public facilities like
bridges, the Guide ventures to include an example report format for quantitative
risk assessment applied to bridge waterways. Quantitative risk assessment is
useful when many bridges have to be evaluated for scour risk and damage, and
priorities need to be determined for repair and protection work. Such risk
assessment aids comparison of bridges at risk.
It is expected that bridge inspectors will implement the Guide as a concise,
handy reference available back at the office. The Guide also likely may be
implemented as an educational primer for new inspectors who have yet to
become acquainted with waterway scour. Additionally, the Guide may be
implemented as a part of process to check whether existing bridge-inspection
forms or reports adequately encompass bridge-waterway scour
Letter to the editor: Reply to J. J. Child, Crim. L.R. 2010, 12, 924-932
No full textResponds to J.J. Child's article in this issue criticising the conclusions reach by the author in his article "The conflict between the Serious Crime Act 2007 and section 1(4)(b) Criminal Attempts Act 1981 - a missed repeal?", (Crim. L.R. 2010, 6, 483-488)
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