441 research outputs found
Effects of conditioning activity mode, rest interval and effort to pause ratio on post-activation performance enhancement in taekwondo: a randomized study
Full text linkIntroduction: The present study assessed the effects of conditioning activities, using different effort-to-pause ratios and rest intervals, on taekwondo physical performance.Methods: Twenty-one athletes (13 males and 8 females) (Mean ± SD; age = 20.4 ± 1.4 years) performed a control (CC) and twelve experimental conditions. Each condition contained a standard warm-up (i.e., CC: running at 9 km/h for 10 min) and conditioning activities comprising plyometrics P) or repeated high-intensity techniques (RT) using 1:6, 1:9 and self-selected rest (SSR) ratios, and two rest intervals (3 and 7 min). Athletes then performed a battery of fitness tests: countermovement jump (CMJ), taekwondo specific agility (TSAT), 10s and multiple frequency speed kick test (FSKT-10s and FSKT-mult, respectively).Results: All of the preloads provided higher performance outputs compared to the control trial (all p < 0.05). For CMJ, 1:6 ratio with 3 min induced lower values with RT compared to P (p = 0.037) and 1:9 ratio using 3 min induced higher values with RT compared to P (p = 0.027). Additionally, 1:6 ratio using 7 min induced higher values with RT compared to P (p = 0.016). For FSKT-10, 3 min using 1:6 induced higher values with P compared to RT, while RT induced higher values with 7 min using 1:6 ratio compared to P (both p < 0.001). Moreover, 3 min using 1:9 ratio induced higher values with P compared to RT (p = 0.034), while RT induced higher values with 1:9 ratio using 7 min compared to P (p < 0.001). Finally, 3 min using SSR ratio induced higher values with RT compared to P (p = 0.034).Conclusion: Plyometrics and RT activities improved performance with plyometrics requiring shorter rest interval to induce potentiation effects compared to RT, which required longer interval
Repeated High-Intensity Technique Training and Repeated Sprint Training Elicit Similar Adjustment in Physiological Responses But Divergent Perceptual Responses and Combat-Related Performances in Adolescent Taekwondo Matches
No full textPurpose: This study investigated the effects of 4 weeks of repeated sprint training (RST) versus repeated high-intensity technique training (RTT) on the physiological responses (ie, blood lactate), mean and peak heart rate, rating of perceived exertion, technical-tactical performance, and time-motion variables during simulated taekwondo combats. Methods: Twenty-four taekwondo athletes (18 male and 6 female; age: 16 [1] y) were randomly and equally assigned to RST (10 × 35-m running sprints interspersed by 10-s rest) or RTT (10 × 6-s bandal-tchagui kicking executions interspersed by 10-s rest) groups in addition to their regular training. Both groups performed simulated combats before and after training. Results: Delta lactate and peak heart rate were attenuated following training (P < .001 and P = .03, respectively), with no differences identified between RTT and RST conditions. Rating of perceived exertion decreased after training only in the RTT (P = .002). Time fighting and preparatory activities increased following training (P < .001), with higher values observed following RTT than RST (P < .001). Nonpreparatory time decreased after training (P < .001), with more pronounced reductions observed following RTT when compared to RST (P < .001). The number of single attacks decreased only following RST (P < .001), whereas combined attacks increased only after RTT training (P < .001). Conclusions: Similar adjustments in the physiological responses to combat were observed following 4 weeks of either RST or RTT, but RTT elicited more favorable perceptual responses and combat-related performance. This highlights the importance of specificity of training and its effective transfer to combat
Acute effects of caffeine supplementation on taekwondo performance:the influence of competition level and sex
Full text linkThe purpose of this study was to assess the effects of acute caffeine supplementation on physical performance and perceived exertion during taekwondo-specific tasks in male and female athletes with varying expertise. In a double-blinded, randomized, placebo-controlled crossover study design, 52 young athletes from elite (n = 32; 16 males and 16 females) and sub-elite competitive level (n = 20; 10 males and 10 females) participated. Athletes performed taekwondo-specific tasks including the taekwondo-specific agility test (TSAT), 10 s frequency speed of kick test (FSKT-10 s) and multi-bout FSKT (FSKT-multi) under the following conditions: (1) Caffeine (CAF; 3 mg kg−1), placebo (PLA), and no supplement control (CON). Session rating of perceived exertion (s-RPE) was determined after the tests. Findings show that regardless of condition, males performed better than females (p < 0.05) and elite athletes had superior performance compared to their sub-elite counterparts (p < 0.05). For the TSAT (p < 0.001), FSKT-10s (p < 0.001), and FSKT-multi (p < 0.001), CAF enhanced performance in elite female athletes compared to sub-elite females. Likewise, CAF ingestion resulted in superior performance in elite males compared to sub-elite males for FSKT-10s (p = 0.003) and FSKT-multi (p < 0.01). The ergogenic potential of CAF during taekwondo-specific tasks appears to be related to a competitive level, with greater benefits in elite than sub-elite athletes
Listening to Preferred and Loud Music Enhances Taekwondo Physical Performances in Adolescent Athletes
Full text linkIn this study, we aimed to investigate the effects of warm-up music preference and loudness on physical performance, perceived exertion (RPE), and enjoyment in young taekwondo athletes. In a crossover counterbalanced design, 20 taekwondo athletes (10 male, 10 female) performed a battery of physical tasks specific to taekwondo under the following five conditions: (a) No music (NM), (b) Preferred music-Soft (60 dB; PMS), (c) Preferred music-Loud (80 dB; PML), (d) Non-preferred music-Soft (60 dB; NPMS), and (e) Non-preferred music-Loud (80 dB; NPML). On each lab visit, participants completed a taekwondo-specific agility test (TSAT), a10-second kick test (KSKT-10s) and a multiple frequency speed of kick tests (FSKT) within each music condition. Pre-exercise enjoyment was assessed using the Physical Activity Enjoyment Scale (PACES) after the warm-up, while we obtained RPE scores after each test. The PML condition resulted in significantly better agility test times on the TSAT compared to PMS (p < .001), and NPML (p < .001). Furthermore, PML led to a greater number of total kicks during the FSKT-10s test compared to the PMS (p < .001), and NPML (p < .001) conditions. The decrement index on the FSKT was lower in PML than in PMS and NPML conditions (p < .001). For RPE, values were significantly lower with preferred than non-preferred music (p < .001). These findings lend support to ergogenic benefits of listening to PML prior to taekwondo physical tasks, with important implications for enhancing taekwondo training and performance
Relationships Between Sport-Specific Anaerobic Tests, Interlimb Asymmetry, and Bilateral Deficit as Measured from Vertical Jump Performances in Highly Trained Taekwondo Athletes
Full text linkThe present study investigated the effect of inter-limb asymmetry and bilateral indexes (BLIs) in power performance, assessed by squat jump (SJ) and countermovement jump (CMJ), on sport-specific anaerobic performance. Forty-eight taekwondo athletes (24 males and 24 females; mean ± SD, age: 19.8 ± 2.1 years) performed randomly, in separate sessions, SJ and CMJ tests using the right, left, and both legs to determine the asymmetry and BLI, the 10 s Frequency Speed of Kick Test (FSKT10s), and its multiple version (FSKTmult). FSKT10s was positively correlated with CMJ asymmetry (ρ = 0.299, p = 0.039, low) and SJ BLI (r = 0.596, p < 0.001, large), and negatively correlated with CMJ BLI (r = −0.472, p = 0.001, moderate). Similarly, FSKTmult was positively correlated with SJ BLI (ρ = 0.632, p < 0.001, large), and negatively correlated with CMJ BLI (ρ = −0.532, p < 0.001, large). CMJ and SJ BLI explained 45.9% of the variance of the FSKT10s performance, whilst they explained 55.7% of the variance of FSKTmult performance. These results highlight the importance of managing both interlimb asymmetry and bilateral deficit indexes to achieve better performance by improving the strength of the non-dominant leg and using exercises that are performed bilaterally despite unilateral movements being predominant in taekwondo, which can potentially enhance the effectiveness in sport-specific action
Relationships Between Sport-Specific Anaerobic Tests, Interlimb Asymmetry, and Bilateral Deficit as Measured from Vertical Jump Performances in Highly Trained Taekwondo Athletes
No full textValidity and reliability concerns associated with cardiopulmonary exercise testing young people with cystic fibrosis
No full textThis is the author accepted manuscript. The final version is available from the publisher via the DOI in this record.Letter to the Edito
Measurement of V̇O2<sub>max</sub> in clinical groups is feasible and necessary
Full text linkThis is the author accepted manuscript. The final version is available from American Physiological Society via the DOI in this record
Problems in Intercultural Communication Caused by Differences in Czech and English
No full textProblems in Intercultural Communication Caused by Differences in Czech and English This thesis deals with intercultural communication and with the problems which it yields. The author is concerned with the history of intercultural communication and its definition, as well as with problems that may occur when two different cultures communicate. In addition, great attention is paid to communication between English and Czech people, where the author deals not only with the differences in languages, but also with the diverse nature of these two cultures. On the basis of a research made with help of a questionnaire, the author confronts two different samples of Czech university students of English. Key words intercultural communication, culture, language, communication, English language, Czech language, stereotypes, obstacles, problem
Relationship between (non)linear phase II pulmonary oxygen uptake kinetics with skeletal muscle oxygenation and age in 11-15 year olds
Full text linkThis is the author accepted manuscript. the final version is available from Wiley via the DOI in this recordThis study investigated in nineteen male youth (mean age: 13.6 ± 1.1 y, range: 11.7 –
15.7 y) the relationship between pulmonary oxygen uptake ( o2) and muscle
deoxygenation kinetics during moderate‐ and very heavy‐intensity ‘step’ cycling
initiated from unloaded pedaling (i.e. U→M and U→VH) and moderate‐to‐very heavy‐
intensity step cycling (i.e. M→VH). Pulmonary o2 was measured breath‐by‐breath and
tissue oxygenation index (TOI) of the vastus lateralis using near‐infrared spectroscopy.
There were no significant differences in the phase II time constant (τ o2p) between
U→M and U→VH (23 ± 6 s vs. 25 ± 7 s; P = 0.36); however, the τ o2p was slower during
M→VH (42 ± 16 s) compared to other conditions (P < 0.001). Quadriceps TOI decreased
with a faster (P < 0.01) mean response time (MRT; i.e. time delay + τ) during U→VH (14
± 2 s) compared to U→M (22 ± 4 s) and M→VH (20 ± 6 s). The difference (Δ) between
the τ o2p and MRT‐TOI was greater during U→VH compared to U→M (12 ± 7 vs. 2 ± 7 s,
P < 0.001) and during M→VH (23 ± 15 s) compared to other conditions (P < 0.02),
suggesting an increased proportional speeding of fractional O2 extraction. The slowing
of the τ o2p during M→VH relative to U→M and U→VH correlated positively with
chronological age (r = 0.68 and 0.57, respectively, P < 0.01). In youth, “work‐to‐work”
transitions slowed microvascular O2 delivery‐to‐O2 utilization with alterations in phase
II o2 dynamics accentuated between the ages of 11 to 15 y
- …
