253 research outputs found
A survey of inhalant use disorders among delinquent youth: prevalence, clinical features, and latent structure of DSM-IV diagnostic criteria.
No full textBACKGROUND: Inhalant use is among the most pernicious and poorly understood forms of adolescent substance use. Many youth in the juvenile justice system have used inhalants, but little is known about inhalant use disorders (IUDs) in antisocial youth populations. The purpose of this study was to examine the prevalence, clinical features, and latent structure of DSM-IV IUDs in a state population of antisocial youth. METHODS: Cross-sectional survey conducted in 2003. Of 740 youth residing in Missouri State Division of Youth Services' (MDYS) residential treatment facilities at the time the study was conducted, 723 (97.7%) completed interviews. Eighty-seven percent were male, with a mean age of 15.5 (SD = 1.2). Nearly 4 in 10 youth (38.5%; n = 279) reported lifetime inhalant use. Youth ranged from very mildly to severely antisocial. RESULTS: Of 279 inhalant users, 52 (18.6%) met DSM-IV inhalant abuse criteria and 79 (28.3%) met inhalant dependence criteria. Five of 10 IUD criteria were met by > 10% of the total sample. Latent class analyses demonstrated a substantial concordance between DSM-IV-defined IUDs and an empirically-derived classification based on responses to DSM-IV IUD diagnostic criteria. CONCLUSION: IUDs and constituent criteria were prevalent among youth in the juvenile justice system. Two groups of problem inhalant users were identified, symptomatic users-DSM-IV inhalant abuse and highly symptomatic users-DSM-IV inhalant dependence, which differed primarily in severity of inhalant-related problems. Inhalant screening, prevention and treatment efforts in juvenile justice settings are rarely delivered, but critically needed.Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/62079/1/IUD Survey.pd
A Critical Examination of the Environmental Mastery Scale
No full textThe Psychological well being Inventory (PWBI) is a multidimensional instrument that has enjoyed widespread use in a variety of research initiatives, from small-scale studies to national surveys. Recent empirical investigation of the measure has raised questions about its validity. This study examines the factorial validity of the Environmental Mastery Scale of the PWBI, a construct that receives much attention in mental health research. The results of a confirmatory factor analysis did not support the unidimensional factor structure of the measure. Correlated uniqueness models were also examined, which did not reveal evidence of a method effect. There are problems with the measure at the item level, which also raises significant questions about the underlying theory of its parent measure.Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/61157/1/EMS.pd
Victimization in inner-city African-American substance abusing treatment clients: prevalence, associations, and implications for treatment planning.
No full textVictimization is regarded as a significant public health issue, especially among adolescents in urban areas. Although victimization is linked to substance use, the research on victimization among adolescents in treatment is underdeveloped. Given the high rate of victimization among African-American adolescents, further research on the prevalence and correlates of victimization for this population is needed. This knowledge can guide the development of effective treatment and prevention strategies. This study contributed to the research by examining the rate and different types of victimization among a sample of African-American adolescents in an urban substance abuse treatment program, testing whether victimization is associated with increased levels of psychopathology and high-risk behaviors; and comparing the rates and associations with existing studies of adolescent victimization. It reports on a sample of 259 African-American adolescents receiving substance abuse treatment in an inner-city program. Fifty-four percent of the subjects reported lifetime victimization. Severity of victimization was associated with depression, generalized anxiety disorder, traumatic stress disorder, and conduct disorder, although the effect sizes were relatively small. Lifetime victimization exhibited a relationship of small to moderate strength with high-risk behaviors (i.e., illegal activity, gang membership, multiple sex partners and unprotected sex). Service implications and recommendations for future research are provided.Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/61154/1/Victimization.pd
Making time for dissertation grants: Strategies for social work students and educators
No full textGrant writing is a necessary skill for becoming an independent and successful social work researcher. Since social work dissertation grants are a relatively new trend, students face many challenges in identifying, preparing, and submitting dissertation grants. Lack of resources and experiences, difficulties in protecting time for grant writing, and the uncertainty of
success can hinder work on dissertation grants. Thus, this article provides an overview of dissertation grants, including a
review of grant mechanisms, suggestions for preparing grants in the context of program milestones, and identifying institutional infrastructure to facilitate submissions. Strategies discussed include how to learn about funding priorities, how to establish timelines to account for grant deadlines, and how to use peer reviews to guide the revision process.Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/62083/1/Dissertation.pd
Robert Morin : Preliminary Notes for a Western, 1990
No full textPerron delineates how Morin uses the conventions of the western genre and gives it a twist to speak of one's power - especially women's - against the codes and patriarchy of language. The author elaborates on the artist's strategies - such as the use of a female narrator playing both men and women characters - which create a form of distanciation that liberates the viewer. Biographical notes on artist and author
Differences in service utilization and barriers among Blacks, Hispanics, and Whites with drug use disorders.
No full textBACKGROUND: Treatment for drug use disorders (DUD) can be effective, but only a small proportion of people with DUD seek or receive treatment. Research on racial and ethnic treatment differences and disparities remains unclear. Understanding racial and ethnic differences and disparities in drug treatment is necessary in order to develop a more effective referral system and to improve the accessibility of treatment. The purpose of the current study was to explore the role of race and ethnicity in service utilization. METHODS: Using data from the National Epidemiologic Survey on Alcohol and Related Conditions (NESARC), this study examined racial and ethnic differences in use of 14 types of treatment services for DUD and 27 different treatment barriers among persons who met lifetime criteria for a DUD. Multivariate logistic regression analyses were used to examine service utilization and barriers among the racial and ethnic groups, while adjusting for other sociodemographic and clinical variables. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION: Among Blacks, Hispanics and Whites in the overall NESARC sample, approximately 10.5% met criteria for at least one lifetime drug use disorder. Approximately 16.2% of persons with a lifetime DUD received at least one type of service. Overall, this study indicated that Whites were less likely to report receiving help for drug-related problems than Blacks, Blacks used a greater number of different types of services, and no racial and ethnic differences were observed with respect to perceived barriers to drug treatment. However, by examining types of services separately, a complex picture of racial and ethnic differences emerges. Most notably, Whites were most likely to use professional services, whereas Blacks were most likely to use 12-step and clergy. The service use pattern of Hispanics most resembled that of Whites. CONCLUSION: While structural barriers to accessing treatment were observed, broad-based educational programs and interventions that are appropriately targeted to racial and ethnic groups remains an important area for prevention and treatment.Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/62078/1/Differences.pd
Perron-Frobenius theorem for nonnegative tensors
No full textWe generalize the Perron-Frobenius Theorem for nonnegative matrices to the class of nonnegative tensors.Mathematics, AppliedSCI(E)88ARTICLE2507-520
Linear convergence of the Collatz method for computing the Perron eigenpair of primitive dual number matrix
No full textVery recently, Qi and Cui extended the Perron-Frobenius theory to dual number
matrices with primitive and irreducible nonnegative standard parts and proved
that they have Perron eigenpair and Perron-Frobenius eigenpair. The Collatz
method was also extended to find Perron eigenpair. Qi and Cui proposed two
conjectures. One is the k-order power of a dual number matrix tends to zero if
and only if the spectral radius of its standard part less than one, and another
is the linear convergence of the Collatz method. In this paper, we confirm
these conjectures and provide theoretical proof. The main contribution is to
show that the Collatz method R-linearly converges with an explicit rate.Comment: arXiv admin note: text overlap with arXiv:2306.16140 by other author
Financial liberation and adjustment in Chile and New Zealand
No full textThe authors analyze macrodynamic adjustment during financial liberalization in Chile and New Zealand. During the adjustment to more open capital accounts in the late 1970s or mid-1980s, both countries experienced appreciation of the real exchange rate and a collapse of net exports, while domestic interest rates slowly converged to international levels. The authors develop and estimate a two-sector dynamic model using both current and time-varying parameters. They find the domestic interest rate to be more responsive to shocks under imperfect capital mobility, the real exchange rate more responsive under perfect capital mobility. In short, liberalization of the capital account does not eliminate volatility but rather shifts it from the domestic interest rate to the real exchange rate.Economic Theory&Research,Macroeconomic Management,Economic Stabilization,Environmental Economics&Policies,Banks&Banking Reform
Range Unit Root (RUR) Tests: Robust against Nonlinearities, Error Distributions, Structural Breaks and Outliers
No full textSince the seminal paper by Dickey and Fuller in 1979, unit-root tests have conditioned the standard approaches to analysing time series with strong serial dependence in mean behaviour, the focus being placed on the detection of eventual unit roots in an autoregressive model fitted to the series. In this paper, we propose a completely different method to test for the type of long-wave patterns observed not only in unit-root time series but also in series following more complex data-generating mechanisms. To this end, our testing device analyses the unit-root persistence exhibited by the data while imposing very few constraints on the generating mechanism. We call our device the range unit-root (RUR) test since it is constructed from the running ranges of the series from which we derive its limit distribution. These nonparametric statistics endow the test with a number of desirable properties, the invariance to monotonic transformations of the series and the robustness to the presence of important parameter shifts. Moreover, the RUR test outperforms the power of standard unit-root tests on near-unit-root stationary time series; it is invariant with respect to the innovations distribution and asymptotically immune to noise. An extension of the RUR test, called the forward?backward range unit-root (FB-RUR) improves the check in the presence of additive outliers. Finally, we illustrate the performances of both range tests and their discrepancies with the Dickey?Fuller unit-root test on exchange rate series.Publicad
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