240 research outputs found
Geologic map of the Dufur area, Wasco County, Oregon
No full textReport -- Plate 1 -- Plate 2 -- Plate 3.Jason D. McClaughry, Heather H. Herinckx, Clark A. Niewendorp, Carlie J.M. Azzopardi, and Joshua A. Hackett.Title from PDF cover (viewed on May 19, 2021).This archived document is maintained by the State Library of Oregon as part of the Oregon Documents Depository Program. It is for informational purposes and may not be suitable for legal purposes.Includes bibliographical references.Mode of access: Internet from the Oregon Government Publications Collection.Text in English
First Mediterranean Assessment Report – Chapter 3.3: Resources – Energy transition
No full textChapter 3.3: Resources – Energy Transition of the First Mediterranean Assessment Report (MAR1) published by MedECC in November 2020.
Current Mediterranean greenhouse gas emissions amount to a relatively low level of 6% of the global emissions, a proportion close to its proportion of the world population (7.4%). The expected impacts of climate and environmental changes necessitate an accelerated energy transition in the countries of this region to enable a secure, sustainable and inclusive development. The primary energy consumption in the Mediterranean Basin from 1980 to 2016 has steadily increased by approximate 1.7% annually. This trend is mostly related to a steady increase in the consumption of oil, gas, nuclear and renewables and is caused by changes in demographic, socioeconomic (lifestyle and consumption) and climatic conditions in the region. While the northern rim countries advance in gradually diversifying their energy mix, improving energy efficiency and increasing the fraction of renewable energy sources, the eastern and southern rim countries (SEMCs) still lack behind in these developments. The Mediterranean Basin, especially the SEMCs, has large potential for renewable energy, terrestrial as well as marine, including wind, solar, hydro, geothermal, bioenergy, waves and currents. With the increase of the share of renewables, the electricity transmission system will be more exposed to weather variations and may be threatened by specific weather conditions that are usually not considered as extremes.Preferred citation: Drobinski P, Azzopardi B, Ben Janet Allal H, Bouchet V, Civel E, Creti A, Duic N, Fylaktos N, Mutale J, Pariente-David S, Ravetz J, Taliotis C, Vautard R 2020 Energy transition in the Mediterranean. In: Climate and Environmental Change in the Mediterranean Basin – Current Situation and Risks for the Future. First Mediterranean Assessment Report [Cramer W, Guiot J, Marini K (eds.)] Union for the Mediterranean, Plan Bleu, UNEP/MAP, Marseille, France, pp. 265-322, doi:10.5281/zenodo.7101088
Erratum: Public health digitalization in Europe: EUPHA vision, action and role in digital public health (European Journal of Public Health (2019) DOI: 10.1093/eurpub/ckz161)
No full textIn the original article, one of author Walter Ricciardi's affiliations (number 4) was incorrect. This has now been corrected in the online version of the article
Green Energy and Technology: Choosing Among Alternatives
No full textThe primary renewable energy system (RES) investment decision-making criteria are economics. These criteria are focused on the RES and its support ancillary infrastructure technical superiorities, such as efficiency and cost, which is reasonable in the context of generous financial support schemes. However, when financial supports are phased out the energy market becomes technologically diversified environmental, political and social concerns, which include both quantitative as well as qualitative criteria, become significant. The technical superiorities may fail to describe RES or the relevant technology properly. This chapter is structured in two parts. Firstly, the available knowledge with regards to the general decision making processes is described, followed by a critical perspective about today’s decision making. The second part presents a review of three enhanced approaches using Real Options Theory, Multi-Criteria Decision Analysis and Multi-Criteria Cost Benefit Analysis which are applied to RES decision making both from the personal or investment point of view as well to the policy and the latter pan-European point of view. Finally, the society challenges are discussed within this context
Steep increases in biomass demand: the possibilities of short rotation coppice (SRC) agro-forestry
No full textAt current usage levels, short rotation coppice (SRC) biomass could be considered as an untapped resource. There is a worldwide interest to extend its sustainable production significantly in a decade to come. However, the cultivation of energy crops is very site-specific and the exploitation of SRC biomass is a relatively new trend in biomass application for heat and power production with little information on its cultivation patterns and appropriate combustion technologies. In fact, documented biomass conversion technologies’ impacts in the energy sector and their commercialisation are limited. This paper aims to present a summary of technical characteristics for different biomass conversion technologies. These characteristics are not necessarily unique to all types and possible modifications of the biomass conversion technologies applied for many countries. However, the lack of technical knowledge have created situations that were previously impossible to be solved without the aid of numerous research and development activities. The developers did not capture all of the economic benefits that the technology provides which would help to reach its technical accomplishment and commercial execution
Mitigation solutions to high penetration of photovoltaics and electric vehicles integration in Malta
No full textPhotovoltaics (PVs) installations have gained considerable momentum through the economy of scales. Similarly, electric mobility is taking momentum in the transport electrification due to its efficiency and now a vast range of selection of vehicles already in Battery Electric Vehicles versions. With the ever-increasing number of both PVs and EVs, it is essential to establish some mitigation solutions, which require minimal intervention, for high penetration of Photovoltaics (PVs) and Electric Vehicles (EVs) on the local low voltage (LV) network. These mitigation solutions are through the control and monitoring of supply voltage variation and utilization factor on the LV feeder. The mitigation solutions under analyses are reactive power injection and on-load tap change (OLTC) transformers performed under a stochastic study using Monte Carlo simulation for five typical Maltese LV feeders modelled with OpenDSS and using a large pool of real data for load and PV profiles as well as EVs profiles. The analysis highlights that these minimal intervention mitigation solutions mitigate voltage rise issues and thereby possibly allow a higher rate of PVs penetration on LV feeders. However, as LV feeders may reach the capacity limit with EVs integration, the utilization factor is to be closely monitored
Design Factors for Developing a University Campus Microgrid
No full textRecent decentralization of electricity systems together with the decarbonization and several changing societal demands are giving rise to different application scenarios such as microgrids. A microgrid is a small-scale electrical system which consists of several loads and sources (conventional and renewables) that can either operate autonomously in a stand-alone mode or interconnected with the main grid. The design and development of such a smart microgrid in a university campus is proposed within the 3DMicroGrid project (funded through the ERANETMED European Union’s initiative). This paper reviews the main components and characteristics of similar microgrids developed around the world. Furthermore, this study provides the design guidelines, the main functionalities, the key components and the control architecture for developing the microgrid proposed by the 3DMicroGrid project. A simulation model has been developed and initial results are demonstrated for the operation of this microgrid. The recommendations and insights are replicable to any solar priority country for future microgrids pilots.This work is supported by the Cyprus Research Promotion Foundation (RPF, Cyprus, Project ΚΟΙΝΑ/ERANETMED/ 1114), the Malta Council for Science and Technology (MCST), the Spain Ministerio de Economía, Industria y Competitividad (MINECO), the Jordan Higher Council for Science and Technology (HCST), the General Secretariat for Research and Technology of Greece (GSRT), the Scientific and Technological Research Council of Turkey (TUBITAK) and the Algeria General Direction of Scientific Research and Technological Development (DGRSDT) through the ERANETMED initiative of Member States, Associated Countries and Mediterranean Partner Countries (3DMgrid Project ID eranetmed_energy-11-286).
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L. Hadjidemetriou, L. Zacharia, E. Kyriakides, B. Azzopardi, S. Azzopardi, R. Mikalauskiene, S. Al-Agtash, M. Al-hashem, A. Tsolakis, D. Ioannidis, D. Tzovaras, "Design factors for developing a university campus microgrid," in Proc. IEEE ENERGYCON2018, Limassol, Cyprus, 2018, pp. 1-6.
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Dynamic Model Implementation for a Multi-Purpose 1-D Planar SOFC: Gaining Insight Behaviour into an Intermediate Temperature SOFC
No full textThere appears to be something of a perfect storm on the horizon with a sense of drive and changing demand from consumers. The urge to act now mainly revolts around resilience to adapt well in the face of adversity. Fuel cells are a revolutionary technology which can be used as energy conversion devices for distributed combined heat and power generation which can be used as auxiliary power units on board maritime ships alongside the main prime mover, normally provided by internal combustion engines. In this thesis, the principle of operation of fuel cells as well as their technical advantages and limitations are covered. Thereafter, a broad overview of the fuel cells being developed is given as well as in-depth review of how solid oxide fuel cells are categorised. The study mainly focuses on the intermediate temperature operation of solid oxide fuel cells which could prove to break the deadlock in the maritime market. Of all potential technologies for small cogeneration plants (1-10 MW), solid oxide fuel cell systems offer the highest efficiency, highest end-user cost/benefit ratio and the lowest pollutant emissions. In this research, a dynamic model is developed by the finite volume method for co-flow planar solid oxide fuel cells, which can be used for both steady-state and transient performance analysis. The spatial distributions of current densities, pressures, temperatures and gas compositions in the solid oxide fuel cell are dealt with by discretising the cell into small units along the flow direction in the model. For each unit, the partial pressure of each species in the gas flow and the temperature of each solid layer and gas channel are assumed to be homogeneous, and therefore the dynamics are derived as a lumped parameter system. The model is applicable for various fuel inlet compositions and compatible with direct internal reforming. Flow velocities are approximated by applying linear orifice equation instead of solving momentum balance dynamics while a two-temperature layer is enough to capture the dynamics of solid oxide fuel cells, thus mitigating computation intensity. The model developed in this thesis is compared with the “Baseline” model of (Handa Xi and Jing Sun, 2008) which taken as the reference model published in the peer-reviewed Journal of Fuel Cell Science and Technology, (renamed to the Journal of Electrochemical Energy Conversion and Storage, in 2016). The comparison between the two sets of models is made using the same choice of operating parameters made in (Handa Xi and Jing Sun, 2008) on steady-state and dynamic performance. In retrospect, this thesis will attempt to provide a solid oxide fuel cell diagnostic tool to be able to tackle the last bottleneck mentioned in the introduction chapter which was associated with maritime breakthrough problems. Ultimately, the model developed will be convenient and effective for achieving the larger goal in future ship system integration projects for simulating advanced energy systems based on solid oxide fuel cells.Mechanical, Maritime and Materials EngineeringMarine and Transport Technolog
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