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Leydig cell, Sertoli cell and adult granulosa cell tumors
No full textAccording to the World Health Organization (WHO) classification Leydig cell tumors, Sertoli cell tumors and granulosa cell tumors of the testes belong to the group of sex cord-stromal tumors. These tumors most frequently occur sporadically but in rare cases can be associated with syndromes. These tumor entities show characteristic morphological changes, which in combination with specific immunohistochemical markers facilitate the diagnosis. Recent results of molecular pathological investigations, especially beta-catenin mutation analysis, allow a better categorization of these tumor entities
Mediastinal germ cell tumors
No full textThe mediastinum is among the most frequent anatomic region in which germ cell tumors (GCT) arise, second only to the gonads. Mediastinal GCT (mGCT) account for 16 % of all mediastinal neoplasms. Although the morphology and (according to all available data) the molecular genetics of mediastinal and gonadal GCT are identical, a number of unique aspects exist. There is a highly relevant bi-modal age distribution. In pre-pubertal children of both sexes, mGCT consist exclusively of teratomas and yolk sac tumors. The prognosis is generally favorable with modern treatment. In post-pubertal adults, virtually all patients with malignant mGCT are males; the prognosis is more guarded and depends (among other factors) on the histological GCT components and is similar to GCT in other organs. So-called somatic type malignancies (i. e. clonally related, non-germ cell neoplasias arising in a GCT) are much more frequent in mGCT than in other organs, and the association between mediastinal yolk sac tumors and hematological malignancies, such as myelodysplasias and leukemias, is unique to mediastinal tumors. The prognosis of GCT with somatic type malignancies is generally dismal
New 2022 WHO classification of testicular tumours
No full textIn der 5. Edition der WHO-Klassifikation für Tumoren der ableitenden Harnwege und des männlichen Genitaltraktes gab es einige Neuerungen der bestehenden Klassifikationen. Sie werden in diesem Artikel zusammengefasst und betreffen u. a. die Bezeichnungen neuroektodermaler und neuroendokriner Tumoren des Hodens. Daneben wurden der siegelringzellige Stromatumor und der myoidale Gonadenstromatumor als eigenständige Entitäten der Gonadenstromatumoren eingeführt. Außerdem wurden jeweils gemeinsame Kapitel für hämatolymphoide Neoplasien sowie Weichgewebstumoren der ableitenden Harnwege und des männlichen Genitaltraktes geschaffen.The 5th edition of the WHO Classification of Tumours: Urinary and Male Genital Tumours includes some important revisions of the testicular tumour classifications, which are summarized in this article. They concern, for example, the definition of tumours of neuroectodermal and neuroendocrine origin. Furthermore, signet-ring stromal tumours and myoid gonadal stromal tumours are listed as separate entities in the section about sex-cord stromal tumours. Moreover, lymphatic neoplasia as well as soft tissue tumours of the urinary and male genital tract are each combined in a common section
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