1,721,114 research outputs found
Kelio ortopedinio įtvaro su ir be lokalaus šildymo poveikis statinei ir dinaminei pusiausvyrai tiriant jaunus ir sveikus individus.
No full textAim of the research. Our study aimed to determine whether the application of local passive knee surface heating combined with the use of an orthopedic support helps improving static and dynamic balance among healthy young adults. Research Methods. To heat the subjects surface area of the knee we used custom made knee cap with installed (spirally) silicone tube system connected to circulator which was kept for 10 minutes. Neoprene knee braces made from sock-like elastic material which provides compression and warmth to the targeted area to improve functional performance were used in three different sizes: small, medium and large. Lower Quadrant Y-Balance Test (YBT) was performed by each subject to measure dynamic balance and Kistler force plate platform to measure static balance. Each test was performed three times: (1) Control (CON trial), (2) after Heating (HT trial), and (3) after Heating+Support (HTS trial). Main Findings. Anova results showed statistically significant differences between HT and HTS trials compared to CON in postero-lateral reach distance only (p=0.00) in Lower Quarter Y Balance Test. In static balance, statistically significant differences between trials in anteroposterior (p=0.03 ), medio-lateral (p=0.00) ) and total sway velocity (p=0.00) were found. Furthermore, statistically significant differences were found between gender in postero-lateral reach direction (p= 0.03) and in postero-medial (p= 0.01) during Y-balance test and during Kistler Plate Platform in total sway velocity (p= 0.01). Conclusion. The static and dynamic balance after the application of local knee heating and the orthopedic support was improved. There were differences found between gender in both tests, too. These results indicated that local knee heating application combined with the use of an orthopedic support could contribute to enhance posture, balance and gait in young healthy adults. However, further studies are needed to clarify these effects on more complex dynamic tasks
Effect of different bout strategy on peripheral fatigue.
No full textThe aim was to determine effect of different bout strategy on peripheral fatigue. Methods: Fifteen healthy (aged 22,43 ± 3,88 years) and actively sporting male volunteers participated into trial. The participants performed three randomly selected experimental conditions of intermittent isometric contractions (IIC) tasks at three different times (at least 1 week apart). Subjects were required to perform 100 intermittent isometric knee extensions when the knee extension is at 60° flexion. All three IIC experimental trial conditions consist of two blocks, each having 50 isometric contractions, with a brief pause (about 5 min) between the blocks, and 1 h rest after the tasks. Trials were structured differently by simulated contraction intensity. A fatigue task involved 5-s contractions and 20-s rest. Variables measured before, during, and after IIC were electrically induced force, maximal voluntary contraction, central activation ratio, intramuscular temperature, effort perception and intraindividual motor variability and accuracy (constant and absolute error). Results showed that there was no difference between experimental condition (EC) tasks in all the initial (baseline) variables measured before exercise (IIC). No effect of EC tasks was found on Tmu or subjective sensation of effort. Tmu, subjective sensation of effort increased significantly after 50-REP. MVC torque decreased after 50-REP and CAR decreased only after 100-REP. There were no differences in MVC and CAR between the EC tasks. The 1 Hz (P1) torque induced in quadriceps femoris muscle increased after 50-REP. P20 torque decreased significantly only after 100-REP and P100 torque decreased significantly after 50-REP. The P20/P100 ratio increased after 50-REP. There were no differences in electrically induced torque and P20/P100 ratio between the EC tasks. We found no EC task effect on coefficients of variation, or constant or absolute errors. The coefficient of variation of 50% isometric MVC was greater for WVF (without visual feedback) than VF tasks. Constant error values for the WVF trial decreased significantly during exercise. Absolute error decreased significantly during the exercise. Torque WVF was lower before exercise than torque measured with VF. The absolute error values were larger in the WVF trial than in the VF trial
Self-assessment of Lithuanian physical therapists.
No full textProblem: Researches in Lithuania showed that work and concept of physical therapy is not comprehended properly (Štendelienė, 2007). The question is: how physical therapists assess their professional competency and do they invest in development, quality and formation of public opinion about physical therapy in Lithuania? Aim: Determine self-assessment of Lithuanian physical therapists. Objectives: 1) Determine professional competency of physical therapists: accountability, communicative-social competency, interest and investment in profession and social responsibility of physical therapists 2) Determine factors that influence self-assessment of physical therapists in Lithuania. Methods: 282 physical therapists working in Lithuanian health care institutions were asked by anonymous questionnaire. Results & Conclusions: 56 men and 226 women were asked. Most of physical therapists communicate effectively (women more than men (p<0.05), focusing on achieving the greatest well-being and the highest potential for a patient/client (67.4), design patient/client programs that are congruent with patient/client needs (58.5), are an advocate for patient’s/client’s needs (71.3), accept consequences of his/her actions (74.8), adhere to standards of professional practice (67.7), also seek improvement in quality of care (55.0). That shows high level of communicative-social competency and accountability of physical therapists. Men demonstrate high levels of knowledge and skill in all aspects of the profession than women (p<0.05). 35.8 (“always”) and 55.0 (“frequently”) of physical therapists internalize the importance of using multiple sources of evidence to support professional practice and decisions, also 45.7% and 42.2 engage in acquisition of new knowledge. But just 17.0 and 19.9 of respondents contribute to the development of physical therapy in Lithuania, just 20.9 and 21.6 are involved in professional activities beyond the practice setting and just 28.0 and 20.6 promote the profession of physical therapy. That shows low level of interest and investment in profession of physical therapy of Lithuanian physical therapists. A little part of physical therapists in Lithuania advocate for changes in laws, standards, that affecting physical therapist service provision (9.2 “always” and 13.8 “frequently”). Also little part of physical therapists participates in political activism (2.8 and 18.2). Also respondents not always inform public about their profession (34.8 “frequently”, 17.4 “occasionally”). That shows low level of social responsibility of physical therapists in Lithuania. By the opinion of respondents, the competency of physical therapists in Lithuania would be higher level if be good basis of laws and regulations for profession of physical therapy (86.2 “I agree”), be more international exchange programs (84.8) and enhancement programs in workplace (83.3), better budgeting of profession of physical therapy (81.9) and better public informing of physical therapy services and potential in Lithuania (81.2)
The effect of different isometric torque on central and peripheral fatigue in people with multiple sclerosis.
No full textBackground. Fatigue is one of the most common and disabling symptoms in patients with multiple sclerosis (MS). Recent studies showed that different motor strategies could cause changes in central and peripheral fatigue, but it still remains unknown if different motor strategies are sufficient to effect central and peripheral fatigue in patients with MS. Objective. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of constant, predictible and upredictible motor tasks performace on central and peripheral fatigue in multiple sclerosis patients. Methods. We studied nine male volunteers with MS (age 31 ± 9). The inclusion criteria for MS patients were a Kurtzke Expanded Disability Status Score 5. Participants were required to perform 100 intermittent isometric knee contractions task with a predictable, unpredictable or constant torque target sequence. Trials were structured differently by simulated contraction intensity. Strategies included periods of 5 seconds contraction and 20 seconds rest. Variables were measured before exercises, during repetitions and 1 hour after. In this trial we examine maximal voluntary contraction (MVC), electrically induced force, central activation ratio (CAR), perception of effort and intramuscular temperature. Results. We found that all motor strategies increased central and peripheral fatigue, force sensation, and muscles temperature. MVC and CAR performed statistically significant results in tasks, even though effort sensations and muscle temperatures results were not statistically significant. Conclusions. Unpredictible motor strategy increased central fatigue and decreased peripheral fatigue compared with constant and predictible tasks in patients with MS
Aktyvaus išorinio kūno šildymo įtaka hipotermijos sukeltiems kognityvinių ir neuroraumeninių funkcijų pokyčiams.
No full textNowadays, hypothermia becomes a topical problem in the world. Refugees are dying of hypothermia as thousands continue desperate attempts to cross the seas in plummeting temperatures and worsening winter weather (Giannakopoulos & Anagnostopoulos, 2016). The climate change intensifies the effects of the jet stream causing extreme cold weather (Palmer, 2014), thus increasing the risk of cold exposure and accidental hypothermia during daily (i.e. occupational, recreational) activities. Prolonged exposure to a severe cold environment causes marked whole-body cooling, defined as a decrease in core temperature, which can impair motor and cognitive performance by altering neural drive through central and peripheral failure (Brazaitis, Eimantas, Daniusevičiūtė, Mickevičienė et al., 2014; Cahill, Kalmar, Pretorius, Gardiner & Giesbrecht, 2011; Giesbrecht, Wu, White, Johnston & Bristow, 1995; Rutkove, Kothari & Shefner, 1997; Solianik, Skurvydas, Mickevičienė & Brazaitis, 2014). Even exposure to less severe cold, which does not lower the core temperature markedly, may produce cognitive (Mäkinen et al., 2006; Muller et al., 2012; Palinkas, 2001) and physical (Drinkwater & Behm, 2007) decrements, which may adversely affect performance and health (Palinkas, 2001; Tanaka, Nakamura, Shimai & Takahashi, 1993). Non-invasive active external warming methods can be used as easy accessible preclinical setting for rescuing mild hypothermic subjects (Giesbrecht, 2001; Kumar et al., 2015; Ozaki, Enomoto-Koshimizu, Tochihara & Nakamura, 1998). However, significant uncertainty still exists concerning the safety and effectiveness of various active external rewarming techniques essential to restore physiological and psychological capacities. Such uncertainty is partially related with a lack of experimental information. The majority of active external warming modalities have shown that application of external heat provides overall similar rewarming rate, utilizes less energy, requires less cardiac work and is associated with a feeling of comfort (Giesbrecht, Bristow, Uin, Ready & Jones, 1987; Giesbrecht, Schroeder & Bristow, 1994; Giesbrecht, Sessler, Mekjavic, Schroeder & Bristow, 1994). The aforementioned studies have focused on the direct rewarming effects on physiological responses. However, cognitive and neurophysiological functions which can be crucial during accidental exposure to cold have not been investigated yet. The aim of the research was to explore the impact of active external warming on hypothermia induced alterations in cognitive and neuromuscular functions. Research objectives: 1. To investigate mild hypothermia induced alterations in cognition (short-term memory, working memory and attention), when core temperature is similarly lowered (rectal temperature (Tre) is fixed – 35.5 °C) and skin temperature (Tsk) remains low. 2. To examine the effects of brief whole body rewarming (5-min in 37 °C water temperature (Tw)) on hypothermia induced alterations in cognitive and neuromuscular functions and physiological as well as psychological indicators of cold stress, when core temperature (Tre) is low and whole body temperature (Tsk) is rewarmed. 3. To examine the effects of continuous head and neck warming on hypothermia induced alterations in cognitive and neuromuscular functions and physiological as well as psychological indicators of cold stress, when core temperature (Tre) is low and head and neck temperature (Tsk) is high. Research hypotheses: 1. Inconsistent findings of hypothermia induced alterations in cognitive performance are a due to the large number of factors that come into play, such as task type, exposure duration, skill and acclimatization level of the individual and absence of a concise theory on which experimental work can be based (Hancock & Vasmatzidis, 2003; Taylor, Watkins, Marshall, Dascombe & Foster, 2016). The majority of investigations analyzing cold stress responses to cognitive performance were limited by exposure time (Lieberman, Castellani & Young, 2009; Mäkinen et al., 2006; Muller et al., 2012). However, a recent study by M. Brazaitis, N. Eimantas, L. Daniusevičiūtė, D. Mickevičienė et al. (2014) demonstrated that body immersion in cold water induced fast decrease in Tre (fast cooling subjects, FC) or slow decrease in Tre (slow cooling subjects, SC). Accordingly, we assume that cold exposure limited by exposure time in earlier studies might induce different responses on Tre and cause different alterations on subject’s cognitive performance. Thus, it remains unclear how actually mild hypothermia (Tre -35.5 °C), which induces depressive effects on immune function (Brazaitis, Eimantas, Daniusevičiūtė, Mickevičienė et al., 2014; Costa et al., 2010), increases the levels of catecholamines (Solianik, Skurvydas, Vitkauskienė & Brazaitis, 2014; Srámek, Simecková, Janský, Savlíková & Vybíral, 2000) and other stress hormones (LaVoy, McFarlin & Simpson, 2011; Pilcher, Nadler & Busch, 2002; Srámek et al., 2000), could affect short-term memory, working memory and attention task performance. We hypothesized that exposure to cold water limited by the set point of Tre -35.5 °C should induce similarly high cold stress for all subjects and manifest cognitive performance alterations in short-term memory, working memory and attention tasks. 2. Using a rodent model, K. Nakamura and S. F. Morrison (2008) reported that the thermoregulatory shift from skin cooling-evoked to skin warming-inhibited thermogenesis occurred within a few seconds. This shift in the central neural thermoregulation pathways might be initiated through the transient receptor potential family of cation channels (TRPs). These include cold receptors TRPA1 and TRPM8, which are activated at temperatures below ~17 °C and ~25 °C, respectively, and potential warm receptors TRPV3 and TRPV4, which are activated at temperatures above ~28 °C and ~33 °C, respectively (Craig, 2002; Vay, Gu & McNaughton, 2012). In the laboratory setting, spontaneous endogenous rewarming from hypothermia or cold is performed by placing the subject in a thermoneutral ambient temperature of 21–25 °C (with or without external cover), which is insufficient to inhibit cold and/or excite warm receptors and therefore induce a shift in thermogenesis until recovery (Giesbrecht & Bristow, 1992; Muller et al., 2012; Romet, 1988). In our study, consistent with the thermo-TRP receptor temperature activation thresholds (Craig, 2002; Vay et al., 2012) and thermoregulatory shift in the time response (Nakamura & Morrison, 2008), we used 37 °C water temperature for whole-body immersion for 5 min of hypothermic subjects to increase skin temperature and to ensure alterations in peripheral thermo-TRP channels without allowing recovery of deep body temperature. Thus, we hypothesized that brief (5-min) whole-body rewarming in Tw 37 °C would induce thermoregulatory shift from skin cooling-evoked to skin warming-inhibited thermogenesis and blunt the hypothermia-induced alterations in thermoregulation, sensation, motor drive, and cognition despite the lowered Tre and deep muscle temperature (Tmu). 3. The head, neck, and face are regions of high allesthesial thermosensitivity (Cotter & Taylor, 2005). Investigators have proposed that the neck might be an optimal site for temperature manipulations because of its close proximity to the thermoregulation centre (Gordon, Bogdanffy & Wilkinson, 1990; Shvartz, 1976), which is located at the base of the brain and receives afferent signals regarding the thermal state of the body from many deep and peripheral thermoreceptors (Hammel et al., 1963). The literature reports that cooling the head and neck region in hyperthermic conditions masks the true state of the body delaying the voluntary exercise termination (Tyler & Sunderland, 2011), alleviate unpleasant sensations (Nunneley & Maldonado, 1983; Cohen et al., 1989), decrease heart rate, oxygen consumption (Watanuki, 1993), and allow to tolerate higher rectal temperatures (Tyler & Sunderland, 2011). However, to our knowledge, no one has explored the effect of head and neck warming on hypothermia-induced alterations in thermo¬regulation, cognition and neuromuscular function. We hypothesized that continues head and neck warming (during intermittent whole body cooling) would be sufficient to reduce cold thermogenesis and induce partly inhibition of thermoeffector responses (shivering, vasoconstriction, BAT) via skin warming (Nakamura & Morrison, 2008), and thus deep body temperatures (Tre, Tmu) should decrease to a greater degree. Furthermore, we expected that head and neck warming should mask the true state of the body, alleviate unpleasant cold sensation, reduce cold stress, but negatively affect cognitive and neuromuscular functions due to greater decrement of deep body temperatures (Tre, Tmu). Originality, novelty and practical significance of the research To the best of our knowledge, the impact of active external warming on hypothermia-induced central (i.e., central activation ratio (CAR), mean frequency (MnF), and root mean square (RMS) of the electromyography (EMG) signal, cognition, sensation, H-reflex, V-wave, and shift in thermogenesis) and peripheral (i.e., contractile properties of calf muscles and the M-wave) alterations have not been investigated yet. In this PhD thesis we provide additional knowledge and insights about hypothermia-induced alterations in cognition and neuromuscular function. Furthermore, we demonstrate the impact of external warming methods (brief whole body rewarming and continuous head and neck warming) on thermogenesis and cognitive as well as neuromuscular functions for mild hypothermic subjects. We believe that our study will provide additional facts, insights and practical implications for future studies examining human thermo¬regulation, cognition and neuromuscular function. The new findings in our study could be helpful to make a deeper understanding of human reactions to cold exposure and rewarming consequences in hypothermic subjects. Characteristics analyzed in our study are of critical importance for the survival, health, and well-being of humans exposed to occupational and/or recreational extreme cold conditions. Our findings should help update occupational health care and safety guidance for work, sporting and recreational events that take place in the cold conditions. Besides, a clinical appliance is possible suggesting that continuous head and neck warming may be a potential beneficial technique in preclinical re-warming or re-warming in hospitalization after prolonged or accidental exposure to cold. Conclusions: 1. Mild hypothermia (Tre – 35.5 °C) and high cold strain experienced during acute cold stress impair cognitive performance in complex (tasks requiring working memory, attention concentration, sustention and speed of information processing) but not simple (tasks requiring short-term memory and attention concentration for fast response) memory and attention tasks. 2. Brief (5-minute) whole-body rewarming (for the same duration) in 37 °C water temperature rather than rewarming in 24 °C ambient temperature blunts the hypothermia-induced alterations in thermo¬regulation, sensation, motor drive, and cognition despite similarly lower rectal temperature and deep muscle temperature. 3. Continues head and neck warming applied during intermittent water-immersion cooling did not induce greater decrement of deep body temperatures (Tre, Tmu) despite reduced shivering thermogenesis and metabolic heat production. Moreover, head and neck warming reduce hypothermia-induced discomfort and restore hypothermia-induced alterations in cognitive, but not neuromuscular function
Smart orthopaedic support effect for motor and sensory functions of eldery people.
No full textObjective: The aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of the heating orthopedic support prototype for motor and sensory functions of eldery people. Research Problem: due to aging process and low physical activity older people more often experience joint pain, resulting in poor quality of life and social exclusion. Stabilizing joints during motion can reduce the risk of injury, and additional local joint heating activates blood circulation, relieves pain. We believe that orthopedic splinters that generate heat would encourage the elderly to remain physically active. However, research into the production and use of such heat generating orthopedic splints has not been performed. Research Methods: we examined 12 eldery (66 ± 4.2) and 12 young people (28 ± 5.2) who voluntarily participated in this study. In this study, has been done anthropometric and body composition measurements. Also measurements of voluntary and electrically induced force were performed using an isometric dynamometer. Measurements were made without and with the orthopedic support. In addition, the scales for pain and thermal sensation were used in the evaluations. Research questions: can smart orthopedic splint impact motor function, pain and thermal sensation of eldery people? Hypothesis: using a heat-generating orthopedic support may increase the motor function of older people, reduce pain and have a greater impact on motor and sensory characteristics of older people compared to young people. Results: heating orthopedic splint significantly increased the results of the maximum power and thermal sensitivity of older people. Compared to younger subjects, the results of isometric and dynamic force and pain sensations in the elderly were statistically significantly lower. Conclusions: the use of a heat-generating orthopedic support can improve the motor function of the elderly and thus encourage older people to remain physically active
Kartotino sprinto mynimo poveikis jaunų aktyvių moterų nervų-raumenų funkcijai ir streso rodikliams.
No full textBackground: Vo2Max has a direct correlation with athlete fitness thresholds, it is imperative that an athlete remains as physically fit as possible when injured in order to reduce the time spent on the side lines and return to competitive sport. By exploring the HIIT method of training, this can be utilised to maintain fitness whilst undergoing rehabilitation of injuries. Method: 10 healthy female participants (mean age 23.9 years) underwent a First Bout and Repeat Bout of 12 x 5 second maximum all out interval sprint cycling on a monark ergometer at 7.5%of bodyweight. Metrics such as Hear Rate, VO2max, Blood Lactate, Maximum Voluntary Contraction and Power measured Pre, 30 minutes, 1 hour, 24 hours and 48 hours post exercise intervention. Results: There was no significant difference in blood lactate, peak power, Heart Rate and VO2max when comparing FB to RB and significant difference though not consistent with power scores. time The aim of the study was to determine whether Repeated Exercise (RE) vs First Exercise (FE) of sprint cycling interval exercise (SIE) is sufficient to reduce SIE-induced physiological biomarker kinetics within 48 hours after the exercise. Conclusion: When dealing with musculoskeletal rehabilitation it’s imperative to have protocols in place than can help and influence a better lifestyle, this study rejected the hypothesis that mechanically low though highly metabolically demanding sprint interval cycling exercise (SIE) was predicted to induce substantial adaptations to Blood Lactate, Hear Rate, MVC and VO2max. The parameters measured for this study produced no consistency in significant differences thus showing that SIE did not produce the initially perceived thoughts. Further research would be needed to investigate this theory. The increases in aerobic power is likely to impact the ability to perform work at a lower percentage of maximal work capacity. This could reduce the risk of musculoskeletal injuries as well as increase general health, quality of life and longevity in athletes
The comparison of balance, self-sufficiency and cognitive functions of healthy people and people after Cerebral haemorrhage stroke in the gender aspect.
No full textInsult – it is bloodstream disorder in brains. Insult affects brain cells and causes neurological symptoms, disorders patient’s health, arises reversible/irreversible changes, sometimes brings to death. Insult is divided into haemorrhagic – when blood effuses into brain and ischaemic – when cerebrovascular is blocked. The object of research: persons experienced haemorrhage stroke balance, independence, cognitive function by gender. The aim of work: Compare balance, self-sufficiency and cognitive functions of healthy people and people after Cerebral haemorrhage in aspect in gender aspect. Tasks: 1.Compare healthy people and people after Cerebral haemorrhage stroke balance and self-sufficiency in the gender aspects. 2.Compare healthy people and people after Cerebral haemorrhage stroke cognitive functions in the gender aspect. Research conclusions: 1.Using balance and self-sufficiency tests it is proved that there is no differences between healthy people and people after Cerebral haemorrhage stroke. 2.It is proved that people after Cerebral haemorrhage stroke did the test of cognitive functions worse than healthy people
Repeated passive cooling effect of acclimation frost features change.
No full textStudied scientific literature related with hypothermia observed that decrease in body temperature causes a lot of physiological reactions in human body, but still there are low works dealing with acclimation (acclimation – in artificial conditions (laboratory) caused long-term acclimatization) hypothermia, induced artificially, impact on human physiological indicators of change. Unable to find data, that deal with controlled confirmatory passive cooling effect up to a fixed rectal temperature is also not clear about the internal temperature change of the shank muscle, depends on the acclimation to hypothermia. Research problem: Does by artificial conditions causing acclimation to hypothermia human body adapts? And the evolution of physiology indicators? How the human body tolerates decrease of temperature? The main purpose of the study was to identify and evaluate repeated passive cooling effect to acclimation to cold symptoms change. Objectives: 1. Identify repeated passive cooling effect of acclimation frost temperature changes (Tmuscle, Tsk, Tre ir Tb). 2. Identify repeated passive cooling effect of acclimation frost subjective symptoms change: a) shaking, b) heat/thermal sense, c) heat/thermal comfort. 3. Identify effects of repeated passive cooling to cold acclimation, physiological stress (cold) index change. In this study subjects were passively to the cold with seventeen courses program, passive cooling course was repeated every day, the experimental from control differed by passive cooling. During each passive cooling course subjects lay in a bath of water equal to the neck, which temperature was 14±1oC until it reached 35.5oC rectal temperature. Before and after each passive cooling were measured subjects skin temperature (Tsk). Muscle temperature was measured un the first, sixteenth and seventeenth cooling. During passive cooling every 5 minutes were fixed (Tre), heart rate (HR) and subjective evaluations of heat/thermal sensation and heat/thermal comfort (by the word and by color). The main findings: 1. Acclimation to cold after 17 days passive cooling significantly reduced the initial rate: Tmuscle, Tre and Tsk temperature and final Tsk and Tb. 2. Subjective indicators after cold acclimation were significantly improved: a) less shaking b) felt more thermal comfort, c) felt comfortable better. 3. Cold acclimation increased physiological cold stress
Effects of starvation and cold on metabolic activity.
No full textStudy problem. This study aims to find out the effects of starvation and cold interventions on the human body. Mechanisms of fasting only or only cold are thoroughly investigated, but the complex effects of these interventions have not been well studied. Studies already show a tendency for these interventions that it can work together to improve health, so it is worth looking into their impact. Object. Object of the study is the effect of fasting and cold on metabolic activity. Hypotheses: 1. Fasting and cold combine will accelerate the metabolism of subjects more than just fasting interventions. 2. Cooling intervention will accelerate the metabolism of the subjects compared to the control group. The Aim. The aim of the study was to find out the effects of fasting, cold and these interventions together on the metabolic activity of women. Research tasks: 1. To determine the effect of fasting on the metabolic activity of the subjects. 2. To determine the effect of cold on the metabolic activity of the subjects. 3. To determine the effect of cold and fasting interventions together on the metabolic activity of the subjects. Research methods and organization. Nine (n = 9) adult women participated in the study. A mobile spirometry system and body analysis scales were used for testing. Each subject completed all 4 different protocols: 1. 24 hours starvation and cold procedures. 2. 24 hours starvation. 3. Feeding normally and cold procedures. 4. Feeding normally, without interventions (control protocol). There was a 2-4 week break between protocols. The cold procedure lasted 10 minutes. It was head-out cold water immersion. Testing was performed the day before and the day after the interventions. Results. The decrease in carbohydrate metabolism rate and the increase in fat compared to before and after interventions obtained in the fasting+cooling and fasting groups were statistically significant compared to the control and cooling groups (p 0.05). Conclusions: 1. 24 hours fasting statistically significantly reduced (p<0.05) the ratio of inhaled O2 to exhaled CO2 exchange (RER) and the rate of carbohydrate metabolism, and increased the rate of fat metabolism. 2. 10 min. cooling procedure statistically significantly reduced (p<0.05) the rate of fat metabolism compared to fasting and freezing interventions combined and with fasting intervention. 3. 10 min. cooling procedure and fasting interventions combine statistically significantly (p<0.05) reduced the amount of exhaled carbon dioxide, the ratio of inhaled O2 to exhaled CO2 exchange (RER) and the rate of carbohydrate metabolism and increased the rate of fat metabolism
- …
