13,550 research outputs found
Evolution of cooperation among tumor cells
No full textThe evolution of cooperation has a well established theoretical framework based on game theory. This approach has made valuable contributions to a wide variety of disciplines, including political science, economics, and evolutionary biology. Existing cancer theory suggests that individual clones of cancer cells evolve independently from one another, acquiring all of the genetic traits or hallmarks necessary to form a malignant tumor. It is also now recognized that tumors are heterotypic, with cancer cells interacting with normal stromal cells within the issue microenvironment, including endothelial, stromal, and nerve cells. This tumor cell???stromal cell interaction in itself is a form of commensalism, because it has been demonstrated that these nonmalignant cells support and even enable tumor growth. Here, we add to this theory by regarding tumor cells as game players whose interactions help to determine their Darwinian fitness. We marshal evidence that tumor cells overcome certain host defenses by means of diffusible products. Our original contribution is to raise the possibility that two nearby cells can protect each other from a set of host defenses that neither could survive alone. Cooperation can evolve as byproduct mutualism among genetically diverse tumor cells. Our hypothesis supplements, but does not supplant, the traditional view of carcinogenesis in which one clonal population of cells develops all of the necessary genetic traits independently to form a tumor. Cooperation through the sharing of diffusible products raises new questions about tumorigenesis and has implications for understanding observed phenomena, designing new experiments, and developing new therapeutic approaches.Author manuscript. Published in final edited form as: Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2006 September 5; 103(36): 13474-13479.The final published version of this article is located at: www.pnas.org/cgi/doi/10.1073/pnas.0606053103NIH U56 CA113004; to David E. AxelrodR.A. was supported by National Science Foundation (NSF) Grant SES-0240852. D.E.A. was supported by NSF Grant IIS-0312953, National Institutes of Health (NIH) Grant U56 CA113004, and New Jersey Commission on Cancer Research Grant 1076-CCR-SO. K.J.P. is an American Cancer Society Clinical Research Professor and is supported by NIH Grants CA69568, CA102872, and CA093900.NIH CA69568; to Kenneth J. PientaNIH CA102872; to Kenneth J. PientaNIH CA093900; to Kenneth J. PientaNSF SES-0240852; to Robert AxelrodNJ Commission on Cancer Research 1076-CCR-SO; to David E. AxelrodAlso available in PubMed Central. PMCID: PMC155738
Young carers in receipt of Carer Payment and Carer Allowance 2001 to 2006: characteristics, experiences and post-care outcomes
No full textThis paper aims to provide a better understanding of the circumstances of young people (aged under 25 years) who receive transfer payments to support them in providing ‘informal’ care to people with disabilities and the frail aged. A specific motivation of the research was to examine the extent to which young carers are reliant on income support, both while caring and post-care, and their education participation.Author: J. Rob Bray, Social Policy Evaluation, Analysis and Research Centre, Australian National University
The Arts Interview. Dr. David Pitt : The Truant Years, E. J. Pratt
No full textHost Fred Hollingshurst interviews Dr. David Pitt of Memorial University, who discusses the life and work of Newfoundland poet E. J. Pratt. Pitt is the author of E. J. Pratt: The Truant Years, 1881-1927
Quantifying nanoparticle dispersion using the area disorder of Delaunay triangulation
No full textCharacterizing the quality of dispersion of nanocomposites presents a challenging statistical problem for which no direct method has been fully adopted. A high precision, statistically well-grounded measure is required which is suitable for dealing with a single small non-homogeneous particle pattern obtained from the material. Our approach uses the Delaunay network of particles to measure the area disorder ADDel, which can be further used to categorize a material sample into well or poorly dispersed. ADDel-analysis is applied to several micrographs of nanoparticle-modified materials and found to classify the type of dispersion reliably. Selected spatial point processes are employed to estimate expected imprecision in observed measurements
Fly about round me coursing, swallow sweet birds come near [first line]
No full textstrophicpiano and voiceCover is duplicated in 125.115b.Johns Hopkins University, Levy Sheet Music Collection, Box
125, Item 115aTranslated From the French of Volney L'Hotelier by Samuel J. Gardner, Esq. The Music by Felicien David (Author of "Le Desert").E.G. Warren, Engr
Fly about round me coursing, swallow sweet birds come near [first line]
No full textstrophicpiano and voiceCover is duplicated in 125.115b.Johns Hopkins University, Levy Sheet Music Collection, Box
125, Item 115aTranslated From the French of Volney L'Hotelier by Samuel J. Gardner, Esq. The Music by Felicien David (Author of "Le Desert").E.G. Warren, Engr
Interview with David Dunn on the subject of bark beetle sounds
No full textAnimaliaArthropodaInsectaColeopteraCompressed from .wav format into .mp3 delivery formatComposer and recording engineer David Dunn describes his recordings of bark beetles in New Mexico, and some of the possible causes and consequences of bark beetle infestations devastating pine forests throughout the WestSounds were recorded using a modified transducer inserted into the bark of the tree, and are taken with permission of the author from the compact disc "The Sound of Light in Trees" produced by David Dunn in collaboration with the Acoustic Ecology Institute. Scientists say that bark beetle populations are increasing in large part because of increased drought and milder winters due to global warming
Crossroads and Terminations in Transuranium Chemistry
No full textThe focus of this dissertation is published results from my doctoral research at Auburn University, the scope of which is multifaceted. The first topic covers recent research devoted to developing a better understanding of the structural diversity and related physical properties of early actinide compounds containing either selenite or iodate. These studies are primarily driven by the presence of 79Se (t1/2 = 1.1 x 106) and 129I (t1/2 = 1.7 x 107), both of which are long-lived ? - emitting isotopes produced through the fission of 235U, in spent nuclear fuels. From the redox chemistry of selenium one would predict that it will exist as either the selenate (SeO42-) or the selenite (SeO32-)
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anion, while iodine is expected to be present as either the iodide anion, I-, or the iodate oxoanion (IO3-). The subject of my second research focus, phosphonates have been of
special interest with regards to f – element chemistry as a result of their use in separations. Structural studies of these systems with transuranium elements have been limited due to the difficulties faced when working with these radioactive metals and their insolubility and tendency to form powders or microcrystalline precipitates. Topics include the structure-property relationships for the following published compounds or, in the case chapter 6, compound submitted for publication: Na2[UO2(IO3)4(H2O)] (Ch. 2: Bray, T. H.; et al., Inorg. Chem., 2006, 45, 8251-8257.), An(IO3)4 (An = Np, Pu) and Np(IO3)4·nH2O (Ch. 3: Bray, T. H.; et al., Inorg. Chem., 2007, 46, 3663-3668.), Pu(SeO3)2 (Ch. 4: Bray, T. H.; et al., J. Solid State Chem., 2008, 181, 493-498.), NpFPO4 and Cs2Np2F7PO4 (Ch. 5: Bray, T. H.; et al., J. Solid State Chem., 2007, 180, 70-74.), [C6H14N2][(UO2)4(HPO4)2PO4)2(H2O)]·H2O (Ch. 6: Bray, T. H.; et al., ?Synthesis and Structure of [C6H14N2][(UO2)4(HPO4)2(PO4)2(H2O)]·H2O: An Expanded Open-Framework Amine-Bearing Uranyl Phosphate,? In press: Journal of Solid State Chemistry April 24, 2008.), and Np(CH3PO3)(CH3PO3H)(NO3)(H2O)·H2O (Ch. 7: Bray, T. H.; et al., Inorg. Chem., 2007, 46, 10959-10961.
Mechanisms of Co-operation of DNMT3A Mutations with JAK2 V617F Through Histone H4 Arginine 3 Provides New Insights in MPN Disease Pathogenesis
No full textNisha Rao, Carolyn M Butcher, Petra J Neufing, Sarah Bray, Chris N Hahn, Hamish S Scott, Junia V. Melo, David Ross, Ian D Lewis, Peter Bardy, and Richard J D'Andreahttps://ash.confex.com/ash/2011/webprogram/Paper42145.htm
Mr. and Mrs. David O. McKay, Oct. 1935
No full textDeseret News, Mr. and Mrs. David O. McKay, 10/2/35
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