620 research outputs found
Replication Data for: Does a decade of organic fertilization promote copper and zinc phytoavailability? Evidences from a laboratory biotest with field-collected soil samples
No full textWe assessed the effect of a decade of agronomically realistic organic fertilization on copper (Cu) and zinc (Zn) availability in the rhizosphere and their phytoavailability. Using a laboratory biotest, Festuca arundinacea was exposed to 34 soil samples collected from three agricultural field trials that had received no, mineral, or organic fertilization for a decade. Dissolved organic matter (DOM) properties (i‧e., concentration, aromaticity, and binding properties toward Cu), pH, and Cu and Zn availability (i‧e., total dissolved concentration and free ionic activity) were determined in the rhizosphere solutions. Cu and Zn phytoavailability was measured as the plant uptake flux. Contrary to bulk soils, organic fertilization induced very few changes in the chemistry and Cu and Zn availability in the rhizosphere solutions compared to no and mineral fertilization. Consistently, Cu and Zn phytoavailability did not increase with organic fertilization, but it was mostly driven by soil properties rather than by fertilization. Despite increasing soil Cu and Zn contamination, a decade of soil organic fertilization did not increase Cu and Zn phytoavailability, presumably due to the root-mediated levelling of Cu and Zn availability in the rhizosphere
Replication Data for: "Increased soil pH and dissolved organic matter after a decade of organic fertilizer application mitigates copper and zinc availability despite contamination"
No full textDataset of the paper entitled "Increased soil pH and dissolved organic matter after a decade of organic fertilizer application mitigates copper and zinc availability despite contamination"
Seventy-four soil samples were collected over time from fields corresponding to three soil types upon which no, mineral, or organic fertilization had been applied over a decade, and thus exhibited a gradient of Cu and Zn contamination, pH, and organic matter concentration. Soil Cu and Zn contamination (i‧e. total and DTPAextractable
Cu and Zn concentration), soil solution chemistry (i‧e. pH and dissolved organic matter concentration and aromaticity) and Cu and Zn availability (i‧e. total concentration and free ionic activity in solution and DGT-available concentration in soil) levels were measured. The Windermere humic aqueous model (WHAM) was used to estimate Zn2+ activity and dissolved organic matter (DOM) binding properties in soil solution
Replication Data for: “Phosphorus sorption and availability in an andosol after a decade of organic or mineral fertilizer applications: importance of pH and organic carbon modifications in soil as compared to phosphorus accumulation"
No full textDataset of the paper entitled "Phosphorus sorption and availability in an andosol after a decade of organic or mineral fertilizer applications: importance of pH and organic carbon modifications in soil as compared to phosphorus accumulation".
We conducted a 10-years-old field experiment on an andosol and compared fields that had been amended with mineral or organic (dairy slurry and manure compost) fertilizers against a non-fertilized control. Water and Olsen extractions and inorganic phosphorus sorption experiments were realized on soils sampled after 6 and 10 years of trial. We also realized an artificial and ex situ alkalization of the control
soil to isolate the effect of pH on the sorption capacity of inorganic phosphorus
Uptake and translocation of brominated flame retardants in tomato plants (Solanum lycopersicum L.): Results from a standard soil-based biotest
No full text: The uptake and translocation of four polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) and four novel brominated flame retardants (NBFRs) in tomato plants (Solanum lycopersicum L.) were investigated via the RHIZOtest, a standard soil-based biotest, optimized for organic compounds. Tomato plants were exposed to soil samples spiked with 0 (i.e. control), 5.00 or 50.00 ng g-1dw of each compound. Compared of those of the control, exposure to increasing spiking concentrations resulted in average reductions of 13% and 26% (w/w) in tomato plant biomass. Higher concentrations of NBFRs were analyzed both in roots, ranging from 0.23 to 8.01 ng g-1dw for PBDEs and from 1.25 to 18.51 ng g-1dw for NBFRs, and in shoots, ranging from 0.09 to 5.58 ng g-1dw and from 0.47 to 7.78 ng g-1dw for PBDEs and NBFRs, respectively. This corresponded to an average soil uptake of 5% for PBDEs and 9% for NBFRs at the lower soil-spiking level, and 3% for PBDEs and 6% for NBFRs at the higher soil spiking level. Consequently, among both initial spiking levels, the soil-root concentration factor (RCF) values were lower on average for PBDEs (0.13 ± 0.05 g dw soil g-1dw roots) than for NBFRs (0.33 ± 0.16 g dw soil g-1dw roots). Conversely, nondifferent values of the root-shoot transfer factor (TF) were calculated for both PBDEs (0.54 ± 0.13 g dw roots g-1dw shoots) and NBFRs (0.49 ± 0.24 g dw roots g-1dw shoots). The differences and similarities reported in the RCF and TF between and within the two groups of compounds can be explained by their properties. The calculated RCF and TF values of the PBDEs exhibited a decreasing trend as the number of bromine atoms increased. Additionally, a robust negative linear correlation was observed between RCF values and the respective logKow values for the PBDEs, at both soil-spiking levels. The root uptake of NBFRs exhibited a negative correlation with their hydrophobicity; however, this was not observed in the context of root-to-shoot transfer. The presence of a second aromatic ring appears to be the key factor influencing the observed variations in NBFRs, with biphenyl NBFRs (BTBPE and DBDPE) characterized by lower uptake and reduced translocation potential than monophenyl PBEB and HBB. Understanding the transfer of these compounds to crops, especially near plastic recycling waste sites, is crucial for understanding the risks of their potential inclusion in the human food chain
A standardized soil-based biotest to investigate the phytoavailability of nanoplastics
No full textISSN:2051-8161ISSN:2051-8153ISSN:2051-815
Soil-Root-Microbe Interactions in the Rhizosphere - A Key to Understanding and Predicting Nutrient Bioavailability to Plants
No full textRev. Cienc. Suelo Nutr. ISI Document Delivery No.: 452TM Times Cited: 0 Cited Reference Count: 102 Hinsinger, P. Bravin, M. N. Devau, N. Gerard, F. Le Cadre, E. Jaillard, B. 5th International Symposium on Interactions of Soil Minerals with Organic Components and Microorganisms Nov 24-28, 2008 Pucon, CHILE Soc chilena ciencia suelo TemucoRev. Cienc. Suelo Nutr. ISI Document Delivery No.: 452TM Times Cited: 0 Cited Reference Count: 102 Hinsinger, P. Bravin, M. N. Devau, N. Gerard, F. Le Cadre, E. Jaillard, B. 5th International Symposium on Interactions of Soil Minerals with Organic Components and Microorganisms Nov 24-28, 2008 Pucon, CHILE Soc chilena ciencia suelo TemucoAs stressed in the Millennium Ecosystem Assessment, over the last 50 years, humanbeings have modified the ecosystems to an unpreceded point in humankind history, in orderto meet the increasing world demand in food, drinking water, wood, fibers and energy(Tilman 1999). Such changes much contributed to improving humankind well-being, but thiswas achieved at the expense of a degradation of numerous ecosystem services and increasingpoverty of the poorest populations. Prediction models forecast further degradation ofecosystem services in the coming 50 years, a fortiori if agroecosystem management strategiesare unchanged (Tilman et al. 2001 et 2002). In this context, Millennium Development Goalswill hardly be achieved, and especially the very first of these: to eradicate hunger worldwide(Priority 1). The scientific challenge is considerable: how to feed the world in a context oflimited changes of land use, i.e. a limited increase in productive arable land surface area
Soil-Root-Microbe Interactions in the Rhizosphere - A Key to Understanding and Predicting Nutrient Bioavailability to Plants
No full textRev. Cienc. Suelo Nutr. ISI Document Delivery No.: 452TM Times Cited: 0 Cited Reference Count: 102 Hinsinger, P. Bravin, M. N. Devau, N. Gerard, F. Le Cadre, E. Jaillard, B. 5th International Symposium on Interactions of Soil Minerals with Organic Components and Microorganisms Nov 24-28, 2008 Pucon, CHILE Soc chilena ciencia suelo TemucoRev. Cienc. Suelo Nutr. ISI Document Delivery No.: 452TM Times Cited: 0 Cited Reference Count: 102 Hinsinger, P. Bravin, M. N. Devau, N. Gerard, F. Le Cadre, E. Jaillard, B. 5th International Symposium on Interactions of Soil Minerals with Organic Components and Microorganisms Nov 24-28, 2008 Pucon, CHILE Soc chilena ciencia suelo TemucoAs stressed in the Millennium Ecosystem Assessment, over the last 50 years, humanbeings have modified the ecosystems to an unpreceded point in humankind history, in orderto meet the increasing world demand in food, drinking water, wood, fibers and energy(Tilman 1999). Such changes much contributed to improving humankind well-being, but thiswas achieved at the expense of a degradation of numerous ecosystem services and increasingpoverty of the poorest populations. Prediction models forecast further degradation ofecosystem services in the coming 50 years, a fortiori if agroecosystem management strategiesare unchanged (Tilman et al. 2001 et 2002). In this context, Millennium Development Goalswill hardly be achieved, and especially the very first of these: to eradicate hunger worldwide(Priority 1). The scientific challenge is considerable: how to feed the world in a context oflimited changes of land use, i.e. a limited increase in productive arable land surface area
What Did Matthieu Beroald Transmit to François Béroalde de Verville?
No full text Many tangible and intangible goods were passed down within early modern families. The goods included texts and the knowledge that texts communicated. But how did they relate to the other goods transmitted within families? That question is explored in relation to the scholar Matthieu Beroald and his son François Béroalde de Verville, author of the famous Moyen de parvenir. Matthieu transmitted to François a humanist education, at least one printed volume (probably more), an interest in certain topics (especially chronology), a network of contacts, but little wealth. And François soon donated to his sisters what wealth he did receive. His relationship to his intellectual inheritance from his father was complex and ambivalent. Aspects of François's attitude towards knowledge may have stemmed, via his father, from two grandfather-figures: Matthieu's own father (a barber-surgeon) and Matthieu's relative and benefactor François Vatable (the Hebraicist). </jats:p
Characterization of physico-chemical interactions between copper and roots as a basis for the development of a model predicting the phytoavailability of trace elements
No full textCette étude a été dédiée au développement d’une nouvelle approche de modélisation de la phytodisponibilité des éléments traces. Cette approche a été employée pour prédire l’adsorption du cuivre (Cu) sur des racines de blé et de tomate. Plusieurs techniques analytiques (titrages acido-basiques, résonance magnétique nucléaire, spectroscopie d’absorption X) ont été employées et croisées avec des résultats de modélisation. Dans un premier temps, la réactivité des racines a été caractérisée. Les racines étant constituées de parois apoplasmiques et de membranes plasmiques, la contribution respective de ces deux compartiments végétaux aux propriétés de complexation des racines a été évaluée. L’étude a ensuite été focalisée sur la complexation du Cu au sein des racines et sur l’évolution de cette complexation en fonction des conditions physico-chimiques du milieu. Grâce aux résultats obtenus sur la caractérisation des racines et à l’acquisition d’un jeu varié de données expérimentales sur la complexation du Cu, le modèle a pu être paramétré. Il a été montré que les propriétés de complexation des racines de blé et de tomate proviennent conjointement des membranes plasmiques et des parois apoplasmiques. La spéciation du Cu au sein des racines était partagée entre les composés pectiques des parois apoplasmiques et les protéines enchâssées à la fois dans les parois apoplasmiques et les membranes plasmiques. Un modèle propre aux racines a pu être développé sur la base d’un modèle existant dédié à la réactivité des substances humiques. Le modèle WHAM-THP, présenté dans cette étude, est un premier pas vers un nouvel outil d’évaluation de la phytodisponibilité des éléments traces.This study has been dedicated to the development of a new modeling approach of trace element phytoavailability, focusing on binding reactions between trace element and plant roots. This approach was used to predict copper (Cu) adsorption on wheat and tomato roots. Several analytical techniques (acid-base titrations, nuclear magnetic resonance of carbon 13, X-ray absorption spectroscopy) were used and crossed with modeling results. At first, plant root reactivity was characterized. Because plant roots are consist of cell walls and plasma membranes, the relative contribution of these two compartments in root binding properties was evaluated. The study was then focused on Cu binding reactions on roots and the effects of physico-chemical conditions (pH, ionic strength, presence of cations) on copper binding. The model has been set thanks to results on root characterization obtained and the acquisition of a set of experimental data on Cu binding. It has been shown that binding properties of wheat and tomato roots came from both cell walls and plasma membranes. Copper speciation in roots was shared, almost evenly, between cell wall pectic compounds and proteins embedded in cell walls and plasma membranes. A model, specific to plant roots, has been developed on the basis of a current model dedicated to the humic substances reactivity. The WHAM-Terrestrial Higher Plants model presented in this study is a first step towards a new tool for assessing the availability of trace elements for plants
Trace element biogeochemistry in the rhizosphere: why bother with plant-mediated physical-chemical processes?
No full textThe investigation of trace element biogeochemistry in the soil-plant system is a necessary step for many agricultural and environmental issues. For instance, an in-depth understanding of trace element biogeochemistry is helpful to support soil fertility by enhancing or alternatively alleviating the plant uptake of micronutrients and inorganic contaminants, respectively. The manipulation of trace element biogeochemistry is also a key component of phytoremediation strategies implemented on highly contaminated soils. The common driver of all these agronomic and environmental issues is intimately related to the interactions occurring at the soil-plant-microbial interfaces, i.e. in the so-called rhizosphere. The present lecture will focus on an updated overview of the many physical-chemical processes mediated by plant roots in the rhizosphere and how these processes drive trace element biogeochemistry in the soil-plant system. The first part of the lecture will be dedicated to a case study that demonstrates the importance of plant-mediated physical-chemical processes in determining copper toxicity to wheat in former vineyard soils in southern France. In this context, the occurrence of copper toxicity to wheat interestingly contradicted the prediction that has been made from bulk-soil chemistry, but was nicely supported by rhizosphere chemistry. The second part of the lecture will address an updated overview of the many physical-chemical processes (i.e. changes in pH, dissolved organic matters, and redox potential) that plant roots are able to implement in the rhizosphere with a brief illustration of analytical technics and experimental systems that enable to study them. The basic mechanisms involved will be first introduced at the soil-root scale, then scaled-up to the whole root system and finally to field-scale. The last part of the lecture will be dedicated to a second case study about arsenic phytostabilization that illustrates the importance of considering concomitantly a range of physical-chemical processes in determining arsenic dynamic in the rhizosphere. In this microcosm-scale study, we will see that arsenic dynamic in the rhizosphere is concomitantly related to the dynamics of iron, calcium, and protons. (Texte intégral
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