3,133 research outputs found
Contrasting activity profile of two distributed cortical networks as a function of attentional demands
No full textThe original publication is available at http://www.jneurosci.orgThis work was supported by R01 grant MH-073610 from the National Institutes of Health to Denis Paré
Heredabilidad de la personalidad
No full textThe aim of this study is to simplify the issue of the concept of heritability, to give an introduction to the behavioral genetic theory and methods, as well as to give an overview of the current knowledge about heritability of personality and the quantitative and molecular genetic approach to estimate heritability. Following that, results on heritability of personality are summarized. In addition, we reanalyzed all available behavioral genetic studies published before 2010, which were included in Vukasović and Bratko (2015) meta-analysis, to estimate the correlations between different family members: 1) monozygotic twins reared together; 2) monozygotic twins reared apart; 3) dizygotic twins reared together; 4) dizygotic twins reared apart; 5) mother and offspring; 6) father and offspring. Estimates of the family resemblance for personality were .54 from intraclass correlations for twin pairs reared together, .45 for intraclass correlations for monozygotic twin pairs reared apart, and .26 and .28 for familial aggregation. This finding is in line with the conclusion of the previous meta-analysis, which showed that the study design is a significant moderator of personality heritability, with twin studies showing higher estimates compared to family and adoption studies. Following that, findings from molecular genetic studies on personality and from gene-environment interaction studies are summarized. Finally, recommendations for future studies are given.El objetivo de este estudio es simplificar la cuestión del concepto de la heredabilidad, ofrecer una introducción a la teoría y métodos de la genética conductual y dar una reseña del conocimiento actual sobre la heredabilidad de la personalidad y el enfoque genético cuantitativo y molecular para calcular heredabilidad. Luego se resumen los resultados sobre la heredabilidad de la personalidad. Además, reanalizamos todos los estudios genéticos conductuales disponibles publicados antes de 2010, que formaron parte del metaanálisis de Vukasović y Bratko (2015), para estimar las correlaciones entre diferentes miembros de familia: 1) gemelos criados juntos, 2) gemelos criados separados, 3) mellizos criados juntos, 4) mellizos criados separados, 5) madres y descendencia, 6) padres y descendencia. Cálculos sobre la semejanza familiar para la personalidad fueron .54 para la correlación intraclase para gemelos criados juntos, .45 para gemelos criados aparte y .26 y .28 para la agregación familiar. Este hallazgo corresponde a la conclusión de los metaanálisis previos, los cuales mostraron que el diseño de estudio es un moderador significante de la heredabilidad de la personalidad, y que los estudios de gemelos muestran cálculos más altos comparados con los estudios de familia y adopción. En continuación se resumen los hallazgos de los estudios de genética molecular sobre la personalidad y de la interacción entre genotipo y ambiente. Al final se ofrecen sugerencias para futuros estudios
Is Tolerance Political? An Interview with Denis Lacorne
No full textcontribution à un site webDenis Lacorne is the author of "The Limits of Tolerance. Enlightenment Values and Religious Fanaticism" (Columbia University Press, 2019), the English translation of "Les limites de la tolérance" (Gallimard, awarded the Prix Montyon by the Académie Française). In his book, which is intellectually very inspiring because of the many questions it addresses and raises, Denis Lacorne traces the emergence of the notion of tolerance from its early thinkers to the Age of Enlightenment and finally questions the notion and its various understandings through more recent events in France and the United States. What is tolerance? Is tolerance political? Interview by Miriam Périer, CER
Heritability of Personality
No full textThe aim of this study is to simplify the issue of the concept of heritability, to give an introduction to the behavioral genetic theory and methods, as well as to give an overview of the current knowledge about heritability of personality and the quantitative and molecular genetic approach to estimate heritability. Following that, results on heritability of personality are summarized. In addition, we reanalyzed all available behavioral genetic studies published before 2010, which were included in Vukasović and Bratko (2015) meta-analysis, to estimate the correlations between different family members: 1) monozygotic twins reared together; 2) monozygotic twins reared apart; 3) dizygotic twins reared together; 4) dizygotic twins reared apart; 5) mother and offspring; 6) father and offspring. Estimates of the family resemblance for personality were .54 from intraclass correlations for twin pairs reared together, .45 for intraclass correlations for monozygotic twin pairs reared apart, and .26 and .28 for familial aggregation. This finding is in line with the conclusion of the previous meta-analysis, which showed that the study design is a significant moderator of personality heritability, with twin studies showing higher estimates compared to family and adoption studies. Following that, findings from molecular genetic studies on personality and from gene-environment interaction studies are summarized. Finally, recommendations for future studies are given
Timing of impulses from the central amygdala and bed nucleus of the stria terminalis to the brainstem
No full textThe amygdala and bed nucleus of the stria terminalis (BNST) are thought to subserve distinct functions with the former mediating rapid fear responses to discrete sensory cues and the latter longer “anxiety-like” states in response to diffuse environmental contingencies. Yet, these structures are reciprocally connected and their projection sites overlap extensively. To shed light on the significance of BNST-amygdala connections, we compared the antidromic response latencies of BNST and central amygdala (CE) neurons to brainstem stimulation. Whereas the frequency distribution of latencies was unimodal in BNST neurons (~10 ms mode), that of CE neurons was bimodal (~10 and ~30 ms modes). However, after stria terminalis (ST) lesions, only short-latency antidromic responses were observed, suggesting that CE axons with long conduction times course through the ST. Compared to the direct route, the ST greatly lengthens the path of CE axons to the brainstem, an apparently disadvantageous arrangement. Since BNST and CE share major excitatory basolateral amygdala (BL) inputs, lengthening the path of CE axons might allow synchronization of BNST and CE impulses to brainstem when activated by BL. To test this, we applied electrical BL stimuli and compared orthodromic response latencies in CE and BNST neurons. The latency difference between CE and BNST neurons to BL stimuli approximated that seen between the antidromic responses of BNST cells and CE neurons with long-conduction times. These results point to a hitherto unsuspected level of temporal coordination between the inputs and outputs of CE and BNST neurons, supporting the idea of shared functions.The original publication is available at: http://jn.physiology.org/cgi/content/full/100/6/342
Rehab Depot de la Plaine Saint-Denis
No full textRedesign for workshop Atelier Revision Intermediaire at the Depot de la Plaine Saint-Denis with a rehabilitation center as new functionRMITArchitecture and The Built Environmen
The association of procrastination with self-esteem, self-efficacy, and some personality factors
No full textSvaki čovjek povremeno odgađa donijeti odluku ili napraviti nešto što želi ili treba napraviti. Odgađanje predstavlja problem kako za pojedinca, tako i za društvo. Dok je dio autora istraživao situacijske uzroke odgađanja poput karakteristike zadatka i odnosa karakteristika zadatka i ljudi, drugi su se autori usmjerili na istraživanje različitih procesa, motiva i osobina koji leže u podlozi odgađanja. Istraživanja su najviše pokazala povezanost odgađanja sa faktorom savjesnosti, a kao značajan prediktor u predviđanju ponašanja i odgađanja odluka u dosadašnim istraživanjima pokazao se i neuroticizam. Samoefikasnost i samopoštovanje su se također pokazali povezane sa odgađanjem. Pri istraživanju odgađanja može se koristiti direktno mjerenje poput mjerenje vremena koje je potrebno da se izvrši neki zadatak i indirektno mjerenje korištenjem skala ili upitnika odgađanja. Jedan od često korištenih upitnika odlaganja je i Tuckmanov upitnik odlaganja koji mjeri namjeru da se aktivnosti odgode ili potpuno izbjegnu. Osim Tuckmanovog upitnika često se koristi i Layeva skala odgađačkog ponašanja. Kako u Hrvatskoj do pisanja ovog diplomskog rada nisu postajala istraživanja odgađanja s Tuckmanovom skalom niti Layovom skalom odgađačkog ponašanja, osnovni cilj ovog rada je prije svega bilo provjeravanje konstruktne valjanosti Tuckmanovog upitnika i Layove skale putem utvrđivanja povezanosti između varijabli za koje teorija smatra da postoji povezanost, odnosno u ovom slučaju s faktorima savjesnosti i neuroticizma (NEO-PI), samoefikasnosti (Schwarzerova skala od 10 čestica), te sa samopoštovanjem mjerenim Rosenbergovom skalom. Autorica je Tuckmanovu skalu prevela sa engleskog jezika, kao i Layovu mjeru odgađačkog ponašanja. Istraživanje je provedeno na 161 studentici Više Medicinske škole u Zagrebu. Pronađena je značajna korelacija odgađanja mjerena s Tuckmanovim upitnikom odgađanja sa samoefikasnošću (r=-0,30), samopoštovanjem (r=-0,38), faktorom neuroticizma (r=0,4) i savjesnosti (r=-0,73) od čega se savjesnost pokazala kao najbolji prediktor u objašnjavanju varijance Tuckmanovog upitnika odgađanja. Facete savjesnosti objašnjavaju 59%varijance odgađanja, a kao značajni prediktori javljaju se facete discipline (β=-0,52) i opreza (β=-0,21). Facete neumjerenosti (β=0,34) i depresije (β=0,28) kod neuroticizma su se također pokazale kao značajan prediktor u objašnjavanju varijance. S Layovom mjerom odgađačkog ponašanja u značajnoj povezanosti je jedino faktor savjesnosti (r= -0,53) koji je ujedno i značajni prediktor odgađačkog ponašanja.All people occasionally delay making a decision or doing something. Procrastination is a widespread phenomenon and is a problem for both the individuals and society. Some authors investigated situational patterns of procrastination such as task characteristics and the relationship of task characteristics and people’ characteristics, while other authors focused on exploring the different processes, motives or traits underlying procrastination. Research has shown that there is connection between procrastination and the conscientiousness factor, and in some previous research neuroticism has been shown to be a significant predictor in predicting procrastination. Self-efficacy and self-esteem have also been shown to be associated with procrastination. Some research of procrastination use direct measures such as measuring the time it takes to complete a task. Others use indirect measures such as scales or questionnaires. One of the frequently used questionnaires is Tuckman’s questionnaire that measures the intent to delay or avoid activities altogether. Another measure is Lay scale of procrastination behaviour. As there were no studies of procrastination with the Tuckman scale or the Lay scale of procrastination behaviour in Croatia until the writing of this thesis, the main goal of this paper was to check the constructive validity of the Tuckman questionnaire and the Lay scale by determining the relationship between variables that the theory considers to be related. We examined the correlation between Tuckman’s questionnaire and Lay scale with factors of conscientiousness and neuroticism (NEO-PI), self-efficacy (Schwarzer scale of 10 particles), and self-esteem measured by the Rosenberg scale. The author translated Tuckman's scale into Croatian, as well as Lay's measure of procrastination. The research was conducted on 161 Medical College students in Zagreb. A significant correlation was found measured by the Tuckman delay questionnaire with self-efficacy (r = -0.30), self-esteem (r = -0.38), neuroticism factor (r = 0.4) and conscientiousness (r = -0.73) of which conscientiousness proved to be the best predictor in explaining the variance of Tuckman’s procrastination questionnaire. Facets of conscientiousness explained 59% of the variance of procrastination, and facets of discipline (β=-0,52) and caution appeared as significant predictors (β=-0,21).. The facet of intemperance (β=0,34) as well as depression (β=0,28) in neuroticism has also been shown to be a significant predictor in explaining variance. With Lay's measure of procrastinating behaviour, only conscientiousness factor proved to be significant (r= -0,53), and also a significant predictor of procrastinating behaviour
Kontinuität und Wandel von Persönlichkeitsmerkmalen von der Adoleszenz bis zum frühen Erwachsenenalter: Ergebnisse einer Langzeituntersuchung
No full textU istraživanju su prikazani rezultati longitudinalnog praćenja
razvoja ličnosti od adolescencije do rane odraslosti.
Eysenckov upitnik ličnosti (EPQ) primijenjen je u dvije
točke mjerenja na skupini od 262 sudionika u istraživanju.
Pri prvom mjerenju sudionici su imali prosječno 17,25
godina, a drugo je mjerenje provedeno točno četiri godine
kasnije. Prikupljeni podaci rabljeni su za analizu kontinuiteta,
odnosno promjena ličnosti na fenotipskoj razini. Prvo,
analizirane su promjene u prosječnim rezultatima skupine.
U analiziranom razdoblju došlo je do značajnog smanjenja
prosječnih rezultata na ljestvicama neuroticizma
i laganja (pThe study presents results of the longitudinal study of personality
development from adolescence to young adulthood. Eysenck's
Personality Questionnaire was administered to a sample of 262
participants in two measurement points. The mean age of participants
was 17.25 in the first measurement, and the test-retest
interval was exactly four years. Data was analyzed in order to estimate
the personality continuity and change at the phenotypic level.
First, the changes in mean scale scores were analyzed. The
significant decrease of neuroticism and lie scores were obtained
(pVorliegende Studie präsentiert die Ergebnisse einer Langzeituntersuchung
zur Persönlichkeitsentwicklung von der Adoleszenz bis
zum frühen Erwachsenenalter. In einer Gruppe von 262 Umfrageteilnehmern
wurde zu zwei verschiedenen Zeitpunkten der Persönlichkeits-
Fragebogen nach Eysenck angewandt. Bei der ersten
Umfrage waren die Teilnehmer im Durchschnitt 17,25 Jahre alt;
die zweite Untersuchung wurde genau 4 Jahre später vorgenommen.
Die gesammelten Angaben wurden zu einer Analyse
der Kontinuität bzw. des Wandels von phänotypischen Persönlichkeitsmerkmalen
eingesetzt. Zunächst analysierte man Veränderungen,
die in den Durchschnittsresultaten der Gruppe eingetreten
waren. Im untersuchten Zeitabschnitt war es zu einer wesentlichen
Verminderung von neurotischem Verhalten und Lügenverhalten
(
Severini e Denis
No full textL'A. prende in esame i controversi rapporti tra i due artisti, nel primo decennio del secolo e, più tardi, nella produzione di carattere religioso. Severini risulta influenzato da Denis più di quanto sostenga negli scritti teorici. The Author examines the controversial relationships between the two artists, in the first decade of the century and later on, in their religious production. Severini appears influenced by Denis more than he declares in his theoretic writings
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