1,721,022 research outputs found
The physical structure of basketball players: Comparison between young and adult athletes
No full textThe aims of the present study were to investigate if the physical characteristics of adult basketball players are already present in teenage players, and to identify the anthropometric features that characterize the different playing positions. The sample consists of 40 teenage athletes and 40 adult athletes playing in the same basketball league and on teams occupying the same position in the standings. By analyzing and comparing subjects grouped by age and playing position, it was possible to identify characters present at a young age and also in adulthood, as well as those present in one sample but not in the other. This allowed us to establish the reliability of a character as a predictor of a certain playing position. In the young athletes, the centers have larger dimensions than the other three positions. The differences among the latter are smaller, although the forwards have a longer-limbed structure than the guards and better memorization and associative abilities than the playmakers. In the adults, the playmakers have the smallest dimensions while the centers have the largest ones. The values of the forwards and guards are intermediate, although the former are taller and have a wider pelvis. In adulthood, there seems to be a closer relationship between the physical characteristics and the playing position. This could be due to the fact that the developing body structure determines a choice of position most suitable to the player's physical characteristics. On the other hand, the body structure is also influenced by the requirements of the position
The scoring of non-metric post-cranial traits in the study of population: a methodological approach.
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Le caratteristiche fisiologiche del pallavolista di alto livello
No full textIn questo studio si presentano i dati relativi a 19 variabili fisiometriche raccolte su 478 pallavolisti di alto livello e di entrambi i sessi (234 maschi e 244 femmine) e se ne discute l'andamento in relazione al sesso e al livello di performance, espresso dalla serie di militanza della squadra di club di appartenenza
Scoring of nonmetric cranial traits: a methodological approach
No full textThe purpose of the present study was to analyse the replicability of the scoring of discontinuous traits. This was assessed on a sample of 100 skulls from the Frassetto collection (Dipartimento di Biologia Evoluzionistica Sperimentale of Bologna University) analysed through intraobserver comparisons: the discontinuous traits were determined on the same skulls and by the same observer on 3 separate occasions. The scoring was also assessed through interobserver comparisons: 3 different observers performed an independent survey on the same skulls. The results show that there were no significant differences in the discontinuous trait frequencies between the 3 different scorings by the same observer, but there were sometimes significant differences between different observers. Caution should thus be taken in applying the frequencies of these traits to population research. After an indispensable control of material conditions (subject age included), consideration must be given to standardisation procedures between observers, otherwise this may be an additional source of variability in cranial discontinuous trait scoring
Scoring of nonmetric cranial traits: A population study
No full textThe aims of the present study were: (1) to supply further knowledge about variations in nonmetric cranial traits in relation to sex, age and laterality and (2) to evaluate biological distance between samples from a recent population. The incidence of 18 nonmetric variants of the cranium were determined in 3 adult samples of 394 skulls of known sex from North Sardinia (Sassari, Alghero and Ozieri); for the Sassari sample (n = 200) age at death was also known. Some significant sex differences were observed. Age did not appear to influence the frequency of the discontinuous traits but did for legibility. Side differences may provide important information about environmental influences. The interpopulation analysis indicates a stronger relationship between samples that are geographically closer (Sassari and Alghero), in accordance with other studies, strengthening the hypothesis of the validity of the use of nonmetric traits in the study of the peopling of a territory
I caratteri discontinui dello scheletro nelle popolazioni italiane dal III al II millennio a.C.: progetto di ricerca e prime applicazioni.
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Methodological aspects of the diagnosis of sex based on cranial metric traits
No full textAmong the methodological aspects of the studies of ancient populations the sex diagnosis is still an open problem. In our study we developed sex discriminant functions for craniometric variables in different Italian reference populations (Sardinians and Bologneses). Separate discriminant functions were calculated for the different populations and sexes and for the whole of the two populations. The highest percentage of correct classification of sex is obtained with the equations for facial dimensions in the Sardinians (93.9%) and of those for the mandible in the Bologneses (96.5%). The cross-application of the equations indicates that the discrimination of sex is markedly influenced by the different body proportions of the two populations. We also assessed the application in ancient skeletal remains of the populations of Monte Bibele (Bologna, 4th to 2nd c.BC) and Montericco (Imola, 6th to 4th c.BC), for which there are reliable diagnosis of sex. This underlines the necessity of using equations based on populations that are biologically similar to those being studied
Le caratteristiche antropometriche del nuotatore. Progetto di ricerca e prime osservazioni.
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Il ruolo delle caratteristiche antropometriche nella determinazione del punteggio della performance in ginnaste d'elite
No full textScopo della Ricerca. Lo scopo del presente studio è stato quello di individuare le variabili antropometriche correlate alla performance delle ginnaste italiane d’elite e di delineare un modello di regressione che includesse le variabili antropometriche in grado di predire il punteggio della performance delle ginnaste italiane d’elite. Materiali e Metodi. Disegno sperimentale: sono state utilizzate l’analisi di correlazione e la regressione multipla stepwise. Campione: I soggetti analizzati erano le componenti delle Squadre Nazionali Italiane Juniores e Seniores di Ginnastica Artistica Femminile che nel corso degli anni 2006 e 2007 avevano preso parte ai Campionati Italiani a Squadre di Serie A, Campionato Italiano Assoluto, Tornei Internazionali, Campionati Europei e Campionati del Mondo. Sono state considerate un totale 16 competizioni per ogni ginnasta. Tra le ginnaste analizzate vi erano le componenti della Squadra Campione d’Europa (Volos 2006) e la Campionessa Mondiale (Arhus, 2006) Assoluta. E’ stato analizzato tutto il campione rappresentativo della popolazione di riferimento per un totale di 19 Ginnaste studiate. Per ciascuna ginnasta sono stati rilevati sia i punteggi totali che i punteggi parziali per ogni singola specialità ottenuti nelle 16 competizioni. Misure: E’ stato attuato un protocollo di misurazione antropometrica consistente nella rilevazione di 21 dimensioni corporee per ogni soggetto. E’ stato determinato il Somatotipo. I punteggi medi ottenuti nelle 16 competizioni in ogni singola specialità (Volteggio, Parallele Asimmetriche, Trave e Corpo Libero) e nell’All around (somma dei punteggi parziali nelle 4 specialità) per ciascuna ginnasta erano le variabili dipendenti. Risultati. Le correlazioni più significative (p<0.01) tra caratteristiche antropometriche e punteggio della performance, si sono riscontrate per l’ectomorfia, e per la lunghezza dell’Arto superiore. Il coefficiente di correlazione variava tra -0.30 (ectomorfia e Trave) a -0.64 (ectomorfia e volteggio). Viceversa, la correlazione tra Lunghezza dell’Arto Superiore e il punteggio era positiva e variava da +0.30 (L.Arto Superiore e Parallele) a +0.55 (L.Arto Superiore e trave). Questa correlazione suggerisce che le ginnaste con valori ectomorfici inferiori e lunghezze degli arti superiori maggiori hanno un punteggio di performance più elevato. Dal 32% al 75% della varianza nel punteggio della performance ginnica può essere spiegata dalle dimensioni antropometriche o da variabili da esse derivate, ma l’ectomorfia e la plica tricipitale risultano essere dei predittori molto importanti. Conclusioni. Nel campione di ginnaste esaminato esiste sicuramente una forte relazione tra diverse variabili antropometriche e punteggio della performance ginnica
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