120 research outputs found
Communication: Bubbles, crystals, and laser-induced nucleation
No full textShort intense laser pulses of visible and infrared light can dramatically accelerate crystal nucleation from transparent solutions; previous studies invoke mechanisms that are only applicable for nucleation of ordered phases or high dielectric phases. However, we show that similar laser pulses induce CO2bubblenucleation in carbonated water. Additionally, in water that is cosupersaturated with argon and glycine, argon bubbles escaping from the water can induce crystal nucleation without a laser. Our findings suggest a possible link between laser-induced nucleation of bubbles and crystals
Pandarus rhincodonicus Norman & Newbound & Knott 2000, sp. nov.
No full textPandarus rhincodonicus sp. nov. (®gures 1±5) Material HOLOTYPE: female Western Australian Museum (WAM) C 23238; ALLOTYPE: male WAM C 23239; PARATYPES: WAM C 23240. The senior author holds additional specimens and DRN holds the dissected material. Female (®gures 1±3) Body form shown in ®gure 1A and B. Length range 7.0±8.0 mm (mean = 7.6 mm, n = 10). Width range 3.83±4.28 mm (mean = 4.1 mm, n =10), with greatest width at cephalon, just anterior to the cephalon/thoracic junction. Height range 1.19±1.58 mm (1.4 mm, n =10). Although dorsal surface of body is smooth, pores are scattered across surface. Lateral margins of carapace are ¯eshy and with frill (®gure 2A). Frontal plates well developed and narrow mesial extensions meet in midline. First pediger fused with head; hinder margin of cephalon with four or ®ve robust spines (sometimes heavily eroded), with another two on each extension of the cephalon. Dorsal thoracic plates on pedigers 2±4. Pediger 2: plates separate, extending beyond tip of pediger 3 almost to level of posterior limit of plates of pediger 4; straight posterior margin with four sharp spines. Plates of pediger 3 and 4 fused at their bases; posterior margins with shallow sinuses. Plates of pediger 4 extend over base of genital double somite. Genital double somite: almost circular; with well-de®ned posterior projections (separated by a narrow sinus), each bearing an upturned triangular projection dorsally; often with a sub-marginal setospine either side near base of the sinus (but lacking in the holotype). Abdomen onesegmented covered dorsally by plate longer than wide and not extending to level of tips of caudal rami; margins at the greatest width of dorsal plate curved ventrally, giving the appearance, from dorsal aspect, of a slight projection: ventrally, joined broadly to genital double somite and posteriorly terminating in broad plate extending between bases of caudal rami. Caudal rami stout, curved, L-shaped in cross section; lateral surface is oblique proximally and follows line of abdomen to just beyond the widest point of dorsal abdominal plate beyond which level the caudal ramus is deēcted outwards and tapers to a terminal spine which recurves slightly back towards midline of the animal. Upper margin of caudal ramus is sharply de®ned beyond the stout spine, which marks the beginning of the curve outwards and carries a second smaller spine; ventral surface with tubercle near the proximo-lateral corner and with thin seta and small spine on the mesial edge. Oral area. Adhesion pads present at bases of antennule, antennae and maxillipeds. The surface structure of a pad is illustrated in ®gure 2B and C. Pads also present anteriorly on lateral expansions of thoracomere 2. Antennule (®gure 1C) of two articles: article 1 bearing 27 setospines, 21 stout and six small; article 2 bearing 12 naked, mostly curved, setae. Antenna of three articles (®gure 1D): terminal article bearing large curved terminal spine and two spines marginally; article 2 with two ventral spines, one mid-article on broad base, the other at the distal margin. Mouth tube (®gure 1E): of 10 females measured, oral cones 0.5±1.0 mm long, average 0.7 mm. Labrum ends in complex structure (®gure 2D). Labium with two terminal fringes of backwardly directed denticles (®gure 2D). Mandible (®gure 2D), with slender shaft ¯attened and dentate near the tip. Maxillule (®gure 1F) of two articles: basal article bearing 0 to two short setae; terminal article with large terminal, plus one small spine. Maxilla brachiform (®gure 1G): article 1 (lacertus) unarmed; article 2 (brachium) without ¯abellum, but with two distal spines, longer one fringed, shorter plumose; calamus bearing large claw with rows of spinules and apical patch of spinules. Maxilliped (®gure 1H) of two articles: basal article (corpus maxillipedus) stout with nacreous-like pad; article 2 (subchela) unequally bilobed, with nacreouslike pad, which works against pad of article 1. Legs 1±4 biramose, each ramus of two articles, with spine and setal formula as follows: Arabic numerals: setae. n P: plumose setae. Plumose setae are visible only at high magni®cations. Both rami of legs 1±3 (®gure 3A±C) with two articles. Both rami of leg 4 (®gure 3D) with one article; endopodite lacking spines. Leg 5 (®gure 3E) consisting of outer seta and inner lobe with single terminal spine. Adhesion pads and denticulate areas illustrated in ®gure 3A±D. Figure 2E shows detail of a denticulate region. Egg strings (®gure 3F) slender, approximately same length as body, slightly curved. Eggs disc shaped. Adult females vary in the extent of coloration. Colour patches dark chocolate± chestnut brown centrally shading outwards to transparent amber. Three colour patches occur on the cephalon, one anterior and triangular patches posterio-laterally. The considerable variation in the extent of separation to fusion between these three patches, resulting in considerable variation in the extent of amber-coloured areas about the eye spots, may be due to ontogenetic dierences. Colour patches also occur on frontal lobes; separately on segments 2 and 3 and at the bases of genital lobe projections; across most of segment 4 and abdominal segment (®gure 1A). Male (®gures 4, 5) Body form as in ®gure 4A and B. Length (not including setae on caudal rami) 5.2 ±7.2 mm (mean = 6.0 mm, n =5), width 2.9±4.3 mm (mean = 3.3 mm, n = 5) and height 0.84±0.94 mm (mean = 0.90, n = 5). Cephalon rounded when viewed dorsally with head and ®rst pediger fused. Segment 2 bears two pairs of dorsal spines; segments 3, 4 and 5 each bear one pair of dorsal spines. Pedigers 2± 4 free, without dorsal plates except for lateral wing-like plates on pediger 2. Genital double somite with posterior corners terminating in prominent triangular projection. Coiled spermatophores visible within genital double somite. Abdomen two-segmented. Caudal ramus bearing four long, plumose setae and series of ®ne setules along inner margin. Oral area as in female except for distribution of adhesion pads. Adhesion pad (®gure 4B) present at base of antennule (®gure 4C) approximatel y half the length, and positioned at greater angle towards centre of the cephalon, than is the case in the female. Small adhesion pad situated on base of antenna (®gure 4D). Absence of adhesion pads at base of maxilliped (®gure 4E) and on lateral projections of pediger 2. Legs 1±4 biramose, each ramus of two articles, with spine and setal formula as follows: Arabic numerals: setae. n P: plumose setae. Three sizes of setae are recognizable on the legs as follows: gigantic setae on article 1 of endopods 2±4; one very large, bipennate setae on article 1 of exopods 2 and 3 and three to eight setae on article 2 of all exopod and endopods; and smaller setae on both articles of exopods 1±4. Legs 1±4, ®gures 5A-D, which show the distribution of adhesion pads and denticulate areas. Leg 5 borne on genital double somite as lateral projection with three setae and one stout terminal spine. Leg 6 consisting of two setospines, outer longer than inner, borne on genital double somite near the origin of the abdomen. Colour in life is pale pink and devoid of darker pigment. Etymology Rhincodonicus refers to the host of the copepods, the whale shark, Rhincodon typus.Published as part of Norman, B. M., Newbound, D. R. & Knott, B., 2000, A new species of Pandaridae (Copepoda), from the whale shark Rhincodon typus (Smith), pp. 355-366 in Journal of Natural History 34 (3) on pages 357-364, DOI: 10.1080/002229300299534, http://zenodo.org/record/475739
Linkage and Association Mapping for Quantitative Phenotypes in Isolated Populations
No full textThis thesis has been submitted in fulfilment of the requirements for a postgraduate degree (e.g. PhD, MPhil, DClinPsychol) at the University of Edinburgh. Please note the following terms and conditions of use: • This work is protected by copyright and other intellectual property rights, which are retained by the thesis author, unless otherwise stated. • A copy can be downloaded for personal non-commercial research or study, without prior permission or charge. • This thesis cannot be reproduced or quoted extensively from without first obtaining permission in writing from the author. • The content must not be changed in any way or sold commercially in any format or medium without the formal permission of the author. • When referring to this work, full bibliographic details including the author, title, awarding institution and date of the thesis must be given.
Supporting data for: The reaction mechanism of the Ideonella sakaiensis PETase enzyme
No full text<p>Simulation data, scripts, and other supporting data for transition path sampling studies conducted as part of:</p>
<p><strong>The reaction mechanism of the <em>Ideonella sakaiensis</em> PETase enzyme</strong></p>
<p>By authors: Tucker Burgin, Benjamin C. Pollard, Brandon C. Knott, Heather B. Mayes, Michael F. Crowley, John E. McGeehan, Gregg T. Beckham, H. Lee Woodcock</p>
<p>Published in Communications Chemistry, 2024</p>
<p>This repository does not contain the aimless shooting coordinate files for each step. Those will be published separately here (for acylation) 10.5281/zenodo.10854858 and here (for deacylation) 10.5281/zenodo.10913134.</p>
Can Economic Development Programs Be Evaluated?
No full textThe question addressed in this paper seems simple: Can economic development programs be evaluated? But the answer is not simple because of the nature of evaluation. To determine a program's effectiveness requires a sophisticated evaluation because it requires the evaluator to distinguish changes due to the program from changes due to nonprogram factors. The evaluator must focus on the outcomes caused by the program rather than the program's procedures. Evaluations can be divided into two categories process or formative evaluations and outcome, impact, or summative evaluations. Process evaluations focus on how a program is delivered. Impact evaluations focus on the program's results. Although process evaluations are important, the focus of this chapter is on program outcomes thus the concern with impact evaluations; however, both types of evaluations need to be defined.economic, development, programs, evaluate, Bartik, Bingham
A Future Vision For The Engineering Design Environment: A Future Sociotechnical Scenario
No full textThis paper presents a future vision for the working practices of designers within a manufacturing organisation. By its very nature the engineering design environment is highly distributed in nature and is characterised by a large number of information sources, which together with the designers forms a complex sociotechnical system. In discussions with designers it is apparent that changes are required to this environment to reflect the changes in the design process and organisations. We have developed a scenario that incorporates many of the features requested by designers and managers to improve the design environment. The scenario sets out a route map for the development of technical and social tools that aid the designer
The role of the Swain-Langley and McCoy polymorphisms in complement receptor 1 in cerebral malaria
No full textMalaria has been a major driving force in the evolution of the human genome. In
sub-Saharan African populations, two neighbouring polymorphisms in the
Complement Receptor 1 (CR1) gene, named Swain-Langley (Sl2) and McCoy (McCb),
occur at high frequencies, consistent with selection by malaria. This thesis
investigates the association between these two polymorphisms and severe malaria.
Previous studies into this area have produced conflicting findings.
Using a large case-control study of severe malaria in Kenyan children and statistical
models adjusted for confounders, I found that the Sl2 polymorphism was associated
with markedly reduced odds of cerebral malaria and death, while the McCb
polymorphism was associated with increased odds of cerebral malaria. I also
identified an interaction between Sl2 and α+thalassaemia, with the protective
association of Sl2 greatest in children with normal α-globin.
Following these epidemiological findings, I explored potential biological hypotheses
which might explain them. The first approach examined whether the Sl2 and McCb
polymorphisms affected how CR1 forms clusters on erythrocyte membranes, a
process which is key in the binding and transfer of immune complexes from
erythrocytes to macrophages. Using erythrocytes from Kenyan children, I
performed immunofluorescence assays (IFAs) with confocal microscopy to quantify
CR1 cluster number and volume. I found no association between the Sl2 and McCb
polymorphisms and either the number or volume of CR1 clusters formed.
The second approach investigated whether the cerebral malaria-specific
associations seen with Sl2 and McCb might be due to expression of CR1 by human
brain endothelial cells (HBEC). The immortalised cell line HBEC-5i was investigated
for expression of CR1 using IFA, flow cytometry, western blotting, functional C3b
degradation assays, mass spectrometry, immunoprecipitation and siRNA
knockdown experiments. A pool of α-CR1 monoclonal antibodies recognised an
intracellular antigen in permeabilised HBEC-5i cells which was a similar molecular
weight to CR1 on western blotting. However, when the α-CR1 monoclonal
antibodies were tested individually, only E11 recognised an HBEC-5i antigen.
Further investigative approaches did not support the presence of CR1 on HBEC-5i
cells, instead suggesting that E11 was not specific for CR1 and was instead
recognising a protein in the Golgi apparatus.
The final approach was to examine whether the Sl2 and McCb polymorphisms might
influence the binding of the complement components mannose binding lectin, C1q
and L-ficolin to the LHR-D region of CR1. I aimed to generate recombinant proteins
of the LHR-D region which included the polymorphisms. Site-directed mutagenesis
of the region was successful and subcloning and expression of the mutant
amplicons will be performed at a later date.
In summary, I have identified opposing associations between the Sl2 and McCb
polymorphisms and cerebral malaria, which do not appear to be due to differences
in CR1 clustering or expression of CR1 by human brain endothelial cells. My
investigation into whether the polymorphisms might influence complement
component binding is ongoing
Estimating diffusivity along a reaction coordinate in the high friction limit: Insights on pulse times in laser-induced nucleation
No full text
The works of Mary Birkett Card 1774-1817 originally collected by her son Nathaniel Card in 1834: an edited transcription with an introduction to her life and works in two volumes
No full textThis thesis makes available the writings of Mary Birkett Card, a Dublin Quaker,
as collected by her son Nathaniel Card in 1834. It provides an annotated
transcription of the manuscript collection, with textual and editorial notes, and
an introduction recovering her life within her cultural community. The writings
consist of a spiritual autobiography, 43 religious letters, other prose pieces and
over 220 poems. Two poems were published in her lifetime: A Poem on the
African Slave Trade (1792) and Lines to the Memory of our Late Esteemed and
Justly Valued Friend Joseph Williams (1807).
The introduction is in three parts. Part 1 offers a biographical outline and sets
Mary Birkett Card's childhood poems in the context of the Quaker community in
which she grew up. Part 2 explores her autobiography, questioning concepts
of a separate female autobiographical tradition. It then investigates her
encounter with 'deist' thought, and later conflicts, after her marriage. These
concern money (seeking to reconcile the spiritual and material) and issues of
language and gender (a desire for'a pure language', linked to constraints upon
women's speech). Part 3 contrasts her 1790s verse with her later poems, and
epistles, arguing that embedded within these works as a whole lies a struggle
with her literary imagination.
Throughout, the writings are set within the context of contemporary literary
forms in poetry, Quaker writing and women's writing. They are considered in
relation to now current critical debates - on public and private spheres,
autobiography, abolitionist verse, women's intimate friendships, domesticity,
philanthropy and sensibility. It is shown that Mary Birkett Card's literary
creativity was intimately connected with her Quakerism, and, moreover, with
attempts to negotiate an ideal of Quaker womanhood. One important aspect is
the challenge her work poses to assumptions, still generally prevalent, about
Quaker women's far greater autonomy within marriage in comparison to
women in society at large
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