5 research outputs found
Phyllomedusa megacephala (Miranda-Ribeiro, 1926) (Amphibia, Anura, Hylidae, Phyllomedusinae): Distribution extension, new state record, and map.
No full textFil: Brandao, Reuber Albuquerque. Universidade do Brasília; BrasilFil: Leite, Felipe Sà Fortes. Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais; BrasilFil: Françoso, Renata Dias. Universidade do Brasília; BrasilFil: Faivovich, Julián. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Parque Centenario. Museo Argentino de Ciencias Naturales “Bernardino Rivadavia”; Argentin
Bokermannohyla sapiranga Brandao, Magalhaes, Garda, Campos, Sebben & Maciel 2012
No full textBokermannohyla sapiranga External morphology (individuals from Brasília; Table 1). Body depressed (BH/BW = 0.72–0.81; Fig. 1A, B), BL 0.34–0.37 times TL; elongated-elliptical in dorsal view; in lateral view, ventral contour flat in the peribranchial region, slightly convex in the abdominal region. Snout rounded in dorsal (BWN/BWE = 0.73–0.78) and lateral views. Nostrils small (ND/BL = 0.02–0.03), elliptical, dorsally positioned (IND/BWN = 0.47–0.53), dorsolaterally directed, located halfway between eyes and tip of snout (NSD/ESD = 0.49–0.53); poorly developed fleshy projection present on medial margin. Eyes medium-sized (ED/BWE = 0.17–0.19), dorsally located (IOD/BWE = 0.59–0.67), dorsolaterally directed. Spiracle sinistral, lateral, visible in dorsal and ventral views (SVD/BH = 0.44– 0.56), short (SL/BL = 0.07–0.11), posterodorsally projected; inner wall with distal portion free from body and slightly longer than external wall; opening elliptical, slightly narrower than anterior portion of spiracular tube, located at medial third of body (SSD/BL = 0.62–0.65). Vent tube short (VTL/BL = 0.13–0.16), dextral (Fig. 1C); ventral wall fused to ventral fin and slightly longer than dorsal wall. Tail moderately high (MTH/TAL = 0.34– 0.40), higher than body (MTH/BH = 1.20–1.48); tail musculature robust (TMH/BH = 0.59–0.63) reaching tip of pointed tail. Dorsal and ventral fins moderately high (DFH/TAL = 0.12–0.15; VFH/TAL = 0.09–0.12), with convex external margins; dorsal fin originating on posterior third of body at a low slope (DFiA = 6°–15°); maximum height at middle third of the tail; ventral fin origin concealed by vent tube. Oral disc (Fig. 2B) ventrally positioned (ODP = 4°–22°), large (ODW/BW = 0.41–0.44, measured with oral disc folded); posterior margin with three emarginations (one medial and two lateral); marginal papillae alternate, conical, arranged in a single row interrupted anteriorly by a narrow gap (AGL/ODW = 0.07–0.09; Fig. 2B). Few submarginal papillae (2–4) scattered laterally in angular region. Labial tooth row formula 2(2)/5(1); gaps in A-2 and P-1 corresponding to 7 and 1% of the oral disc width, respectively. Flaps with labial teeth absent. Jaw sheaths dekeratinized, lacking darkcolored regions of beaks and serrations on margins. Lateral line system evident in preserved specimens and very similar to that of B. pseudopseudis, with the following exceptions: dorsal line with 12–15 stitches, and angular line curving less abruptly towards the venter. Ventral body-line with more stitches (35–37) extending from near vent tube to above spiracle. Coloration. In life, body reddish-brown marbled with uniformly distributed cream-colored dots (Fig. 3C, D). Iridophores sparsely distributed, but more concentrated on the snout. Spiracle brown and covered by iridophores. Eyes with black pupil surrounded by an inner cream-colored ring and an outer reddish-brown ring. Well-defined whitish spots anterolateral to the base of the vent tube, commonly above the ventral line; similar spots are also scattered on the venter. Tail musculature reddish-brown gradually darkening throughout its length, with sparser cream-colored spots than on the body. Fins dark brown marbled with black and golden blotches and with reddish borders, resembling decaying leaves. Iridophores densely grouped at the insertion of the dorsal fin. In preservative, coloration like that in life but without the golden spots and reddish tones (Fig. 1). Variation. Individuals at Stage 25 exhibited considerable variation in size, reaching a maximum of 57 mm (Table 1). Submarginal papillae absent in two specimens at Stage 26 (UFMG 2287). One specimen at Stage 25 and other at Stage 26 had very reduced flaps with labial teeth in the infra-angular region (UFMG 2287). Smaller tadpoles had darker coloration, especially the tail, while larger tadpoles tended to be lighter. Translucency of venter varied among individuals; in the smallest the intestinal tube could be seen through the m. rectus abdominis, while in larger individuals the intestine is not visible due to the robustness of the muscle. Tadpoles from Cocalzinho (UFMG 2037-38) and Pirenópolis (ZUFG 217-18) were very similar to those from the type locality, with only two specimens having few flaps with teeth scattered laterally in the oral disc and four small flaps with teeth anterior to A1 (not considered as a complete row); five specimens had darkly pigmented jaw sheaths with small conical serrations, while one was partially dekeratinized. In specimens with normal jaw sheaths, the medial portion of the upper sheath was slightly convex and the lateral processes medially directed, while the lower jaw sheath was Vshaped. The tadpole from Silvânia (ZUFG 3125) had LTRF 2 (1-2)/5(1). Natural history notes. Bokermannohyla sapiranga tadpoles are benthic. They are found throughout the year in well-preserved permanent streams and rivulets associated with open canopy forests or flooded forests close to headwaters. Adult males call in association with small waterfalls formed on rocks, roots or fallen logs, while tadpoles occur in downstream backwater pools; these environments possess clear, cold, and slow-flowing water. Larvae are often camouflaged among submerged litter or roots. In Pirenópolis, the tadpoles were frequently found in association with streams with quartzitic beds, while in Silvânia and Brasília they were more commonly found in rivulets with mud beds. Syntopic tadpoles included Aplastodiscus lutzorum Berneck, Giaretta, Brandão, Cruz, & Haddad; Boana lundii; Odontophrynus cultripes Reinhardt & Lütken; and Ololygon skaios.Published as part of Lins, Anna Carolina Ramalho, Magalhães, Rafael Félix De, Costa, Renan Nunes, Brandão, Reuber Albuquerque, Py-Daniel, Tainã Rapp, Miranda, Núbia Esther De Oliveira, Maciel, Natan Medeiros, Nomura, Fausto & Pezzuti, Tiago Leite, 2018, The larvae of two species of Bokermannohyla (Anura, Hylidae, Cophomantini) endemic to the highlands of central Brazil, pp. 501-520 in Zootaxa 4527 (4) on pages 506-507, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4527.4.3, http://zenodo.org/record/261242
Did the priority areas determine the creation of protected areas in Southeast Brazil?
No full textFaced with the increasing loss of biodiversity that causes great environmental concern around the world, the main response has been the creation of protected areas. About 20.2% of Key Biodiversity Areas worldwide are completely covered by protected areas (PA), while 33.9% have no protection system at all. In Brazil, since 2004, the Ministry of Environment, through the Priority Areas policy, has identified key areas for the implementation of adequate conservation measures, including the creation or expansion of protected areas. In this context, this study evaluated the contribution of this public conservation policy to the establishment of protected areas in the southeastern region of Brazil. The QGIS program was used in order to analyze the spatial and temporal dynamics of the establishment of units over time, in the Southeast, considering the priority areas. For this, geospatial data resulting from the processes of identification of priority areas carried out in 2004, 2007, and 2018 were obtained from the website of the Ministry of the Environment, and the geospatial data referring to protected areas were also searched on the websites of environmental agencies of the states. The intersection between these files made it possible to quantify the area of areas created within the priority areas. We identified that approximately 98% of the territory recognized as priority areas did not receive PA implementation. This spatial incompatibility between priority areas and units in the Southeast region shows that the contribution of the MMA s policy on priority areas to the establishment of PA in Southeast Brazil is of little relevance. Despite the increase in the number and territorial extension of UCs during the three periods evaluated, they do not cover the territory indicated for the creation of PA by the Priority Areas policy for conservation.Diante da crescente perda da biodiversidade, que causa grande preocupação ambiental em todo o mundo, a principal resposta tem sido a criação de áreas protegidas. Cerca de 20,2% das Áreas Chave da Biodiversidade no mundo são cobertas por áreas protegidas, enquanto 33,9% não têm nenhum sistema de proteção. No Brasil, desde 2004, o Ministério do Meio Ambiente, através da política de Áreas Prioritárias, identifica áreas chaves para a implantação de medidas adequadas à conservação, entre elas, a criação ou ampliação de unidades de conservação. Neste contexto, o presente estudo avaliou a contribuição desta política pública de conservação para o estabelecimento de unidades de conservação na região sudeste do Brasil. Avaliei a dinâmica espacial e temporal do estabelecimento de unidades ao longo do tempo, no Sudeste, considerando as áreas prioritárias. Para isso, obtive no site do Ministério do Meio Ambiente documentos geoespacializados resultantes dos processos de identificação de áreas prioritárias realizados em 2004, 2007 e 2018, bem como arquivos geoespacializados referentes às unidades de conservação, buscados também nos sites dos órgãos ambientais dos estados. A interseção entre esses arquivos possibilitou quantificar a área de unidades criadas dentro das áreas prioritárias. Identificamos que aproximadamente 98% do território reconhecido como áreas prioritárias não recebeu implementação de UC. Esta incompatibilidade espacial entre as áreas prioritárias e as unidades da região sudeste, mostra que a contribuição da política de áreas prioritárias do MMA para o estabelecimento de UC no sudeste do Brasil é pouco relevante. Apesar do aumento no número e extensão territorial de UC durante os três períodos avaliados, elas não cobrem o território indicado para criação de UC pela política de Áreas Prioritárias para conservação.Fundação Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES
Scinax rupestris Araujo-Vieira, Brandão & Faria, 2015, sp. nov.
No full textScinax rupestris sp. nov. (Figs. 1–3) Holotype. MZUSP 112877, adult male, from Chapada dos Veadeiros, Goiás, Brazil (about 14 °09' 30 '' S, 47 ° 36 ' 42 '' W, 1.200 m elevation), collected on January 6 th– 10 th, 1974 by the late Werner C.A. Bokermann. Paratopotypes. Adult males (26): MZUSP 112859 – 112876, 112878; CHUNB 72964–72965 collected on November 15 th, 2010; 73648–73652 collected on February 9 th, 2011. Adult females (2): MZUSP 112880; CHUNB 73653 collected on February 12 th, 2011. MZUSP specimens were collected together with the holotype. CHUNB specimens were collected in the type locality by the second author. Referred specimens. Adults (5): CFBH 38058–38062 collected on February 9 th, 2011. Juveniles (2): CHUNB 72704–72705 collected on February 12 th, 2011. All specimens were collected in the type locality by the second author. Diagnosis. Scinax rupestris sp. nov. is a member of the S. ruber clade for having the single morphological synapomorphy known for the group, the tadpole vent tube that does not reach the free margin of the lower fin. The new species can be diagnosed by the following set of characters: (1) moderate size (SVL in males 21.9–27.7 mm, females 26.7–31.7 mm); (2) snout acuminate in dorsal view, rounded in profile; (3) tympanum medium-sized (TD 61.1 –71.0% of ED); (4) vocal sac single, median, subgular, that does not reach the pectoral region, and externally evident by the loose skin on the sides of jaw; (5) iris iridescent yellow, with some thin, darker reticulations; (6) tadpoles with ventral oral disc; (7) regular P- 3, unmodified as a labial arm; (8) absence of keratinized and colored plates on the sides of the lower jaw-sheath; (9) presence of a keratinized and colored spur on each side behind the lower jaw-sheath; (10) dorsolateral eyes, invisible ventrally; and (11) advertisement call composed of 8–14 notes each with 4–18 pulses, and duration of 290–420 ms. FIGURE. 1. Scinax rupestris sp. nov., holotype (MZUSP 112877; SVL 25.2 mm). A: Dorsal view. B: Ventral view. Photos: M.R.C. Comparison with other species. The Scinax ruber clade includes 66 species, of which 55 are not included in the two monophyletic groups currently recognized: Scinax rostratus and Scinax uruguayus groups (Faivovich et al. 2005; Frost 2014). For this reason we present comparisons with all species. The structure for the comparison is based first on obvious size differences in adults (that is, no overlapping nor a minimal gap between size ranges), followed by more detailed comparisons with species that cannot be differentiated on the basis of size, or in case that there are conspicuous external morphological characters. Scinax rupestris sp. nov. differs from all species in the S. rostratus and S. uruguayus group for lacking the synapomorphies from external morphology of larvae and adults of these groups (see below; Faivovich 2002; Faivovich et al. 2005). The SVL in males (21.9–27.7) promptly distinguish the new species from Scinax acuminatus (39–45; Lutz 1973), S. baumgardneri (29.0–32.0; Rivero 1961), S. camposseabrai (28.9–33.5; Caramaschi & Cardoso 2006), S. castroviejoi (male holotype 45.0; De la Riva 1993), S. dolloi (male syntype 34.9), S. eurydice (44.0–52.0; Bokermann 1968), S. exiguus (18–20.8; Duellman 1986), S. funereus (29.8–36.9; Duellman & Wiens 1993), S. fuscovarius (41.0–44.0; Cei 1980), S. granulatus (32.0–38.0; Cei 1980), S. hayii (39.0–42.0; Lutz 1973), S. iquitorum (male paratype 35.0; Moravec et al. 2009), S. oreites (28.4–33.5; Duellman & Wiens 1993), S. perereca (34.0– 38.5; Pombal et al. 1995 b), S. quinquefasciatus (29.6 –34.0; Duellman 1972), S. ruber (29.4–41.2; Duellman & Wiens 1993), and S. sateremawe (35.2–36.7; Sturaro & Peloso 2014). The dorsal color pattern which consists of a background brown or creamy with some scattered small round and irregular dark blotches differentiates the new species from Scinax altae, S. cardosoi, S. fuscomarginatus, S. madeirae, S. squalirostris, S. staufferi, and S. villasboasi (dorsum with a variable number of dorsal and/or lateral stripes; Duellman 1970; Lutz 1973; Heyer et al. 1990; Carvalho-e-Silva & Peixoto 1991), S. alter, S. auratus, S. cretatus, S. crospedospilus, S. cuspidatus, S. imbegue, S. juncae, and S. tymbamirim (light or dark dorsal continuous or broken stripes, sometimes delimiting a central darker area; Bokermann 1969; Lutz 1973; Nunes & Pombal 2010, 2011; Nunes et al. 2012), S. blairi (few brown markings and blotches, or small scattered dark dots; Fouquette & Pyburn 1972), S. boesemani (dorsum with or without small white and brown dots; Lescure & Marty 2000), S. caldarum, S. curicica, and S. duartei (two irregular longitudinal stripes arising from an interocular marking; Pugliese et al. 2004), S. chiquitanus (small and scattered grayish dots and marks; De la Riva 1990), S. danae (small scattered dark brown dots), S. lindsayi (a few small scattered reddish brown dots and blotches), and S. maracaya and S. tigrinus (large dark blotches; Cardoso & Sazima 1980; Nunes et al. 2010). The new species differs from Scinax baumgardneri, S. exiguus, S. fuscomarginatus, S. madeirae, S. manriquei, S. villasboasi, and S. wandae for having a small vocal sac that does not reach the pectoral region (vocal sac large that reaches the anterior pectoral region; Barrio-Amorós et al. 2004); S. cruentommus for having an iridescent yellow iris, with some thin, darker reticulations (silvery bronze iris with a median horizontal red streak; Duellman 1972); and S. karenanneae for having white bones, a single vocal sac, and the flank color pattern, continuous with the dorsal pattern (green bones, bilobed vocal sac, and yellow or white flanks; Pyburn 1993). The name Scinax x-signatus Spix still has some complications (Pombal et al. 1995 b) as its type is considered destroyed, a neotype has still not been designated, and apparently there are several species to which this name could be applied in the state of Bahia, Brazil (its type locality, “Provinciae Bahiae”; Spix 1824). In the meantime, the absence of yellow flash coloration in the hidden surfaces of limbs and inguinal region in S. rupestris sp. nov., is here considered a character state that allows to differentiate this species from those to which the name S. x-signatus could potentially be applied in northeastern Brazil (Lutz 1973). The advertisement call of the new species, composed of 8–14 notes each with 4–18 pulses, and duration of 290–420 ms further differentiates it from Scinax blairi (single multi-pulsed note, 140–160 ms, 18–22 pulses; Fouquette & Pyburn 1972), S. boesemani (single multi-pulsed note, eight pulses; Lescure & Marty 2000), S. chiquitanus (single multi-pulsed note, 80–100 ms; Duellman & Wiens 1993), S. cruentommus (single multi-pulsed note, 350–370 ms; Duellman 1972), S. danae (single multi-pulsed note, 200–220 ms; Duellman 1986), S. elaeochrous (single multi-pulsed note, 170 ms; Duellman 1970), S. ictericus (single multi-pulsed note, 70–90 ms; Duellman & Wiens 1993), S. lindsayi (single note, 80–100 ms; Pyburn 1992), S. rogerioi (single multi-pulsed note, 6–12 pulses, 270–700 ms; Pugliese et al. 2009), and S. similis (single multi-pulsed note, 4–10 pulses, 185–225 ms, Bilate & Lack 2011). The new species further differs from Scinax rogerioi, the other species from Chapada dos Veadeiros, for having a dorsum brown or creamy with some scattered small round and irregular dark blotches (brown dorsal blotches extending as a pair of longitudinal irregular and interrupted blotches/stripes from head to inguinal region and inverted brown triangular interocular blotch; Pugliese et al. 2009), and the advertisement call (see comparison above). Scinax rupestris sp. nov. is most similar with S. cabralensis (see Figs. 1–3 in Drummond et al. 2007) from which it differs for having a wider nuptial pad that covers almost the complete dorsal surface of metacarpal II and obscures nearly half of the inner metacarpal tubercle (covers only the medial margin of metacarpal II, and obscures only the outer margin of the inner metacarpal tubercle), a stronger forearm, more developed webbing on feet (I 2 – – 2 II 2 – – 3 III 2 + – 3 – IV 2 + – 1 1 / 2 V), a tympanum medium-sized (TD = 1.2–1.4; Drummond et al. 2007), and a different dorsal color pattern (dorsum with small dark spot equally distributed; Drummond et al. 2007). The larval morphology of Scinax rupestris sp. nov. differentiates this species from most of those with known tadpole in the S. ruber clade. The P- 3 unmodified as a labial arm differentiates S. rupestris sp. nov. from S. alter, S. auratus, S. crospedospilus, S. cuspidatus, and S. juncae, plus all known tadpoles of the S. rostratus group (P 3 modified as a labial arm; Heyer et al. 1990; Alves & Carvalho-e-Silva 2002; Faivovich 2002; Alves et al. 2004; Mercês & Juncá 2012). The lack of colored keratinized plates on the sides of the lower jaw-sheath differentiates S. rupestris sp. nov. from known tadpoles in the S. uruguayus group (keratinized plates on the sides of the lower jawsheath present; Kolenc et al. “ 2003 ” [2004]). The presence of a colored keratinized spur on each side behind the lower jaw-sheath differentiates the new species from S. ictericus (spurs absent; Faivovich 2002). The ventral oral disc differentiates S. rupestris sp. nov. from most known tadpoles in the clade that have either a terminal oral disc (S. acuminatus and the S. rostratus group, see Faivovich 2002), or a subterminal disc (e.g. S. similis and S. elaeochrous; Alves & Carvalho-e-Silva 1999; Faivovich 2002). The only known exceptions are S. cruentommus and S. ictericus (Duellman & Wiens 1993; Faivovich 2002) where Faivovich (2002) considered that the position of the disc was polymorphic for ventral and subterminal positions. The dorsolateral eyes, invisible ventrally, are also mostly unique to S. rupestris sp. nov. in the S. ruber clade, with the only known exception being S. ictericus (Duellman & Wiens 1993; Faivovich 2002). FIGURE. 2. Scinax rupestris sp. nov., holotype (MZUSP 112877). A. Head in lateral view. B: Right hand in palmar view. C: Right foot in palmar view. Drawings by Agustín J. Elías Costa. Scale bars = 2 mm. Description of holotype. Body moderately robust, head rounded in profile, acuminated in dorsal view; head as large as wide, 37.7 % of SVL. Nostrils dorsolateral, elliptical, slightly protruded; distance between nostrils 64.3 % of IOD. Canthus rostralis evident and convex. Loreal region slightly concave. Eyes protuberant, ED 10.7 % larger than IOD, almost equal to END. Tympanum rounded, separated from eye by a distance almost half TD. TD 61.3 % of ED. Supratympanic fold barely evident, from the corner of the eye to the insertion of the arm. Vocal sac single, median, subgular, externally evident by the loose skin on the sides of jaw. Vocal slits present, located diagonally to the longitudinal body axis, originating laterally to the tongue and running towards the corner of the mouth. Tongue elliptical, free laterally and posteriorly notched. Vomerine teeth in two slightly convex series between and only just posterior the choanae, each bearing six teeth. Choanae oval. Axillary membrane absent. Upper arm slender, forearm moderately robust. Fingers slender, subarticular tubercles single, conical in fingers I and II; rounded on fingers III and IV. Subarticular tubercle in the third finger smaller than the others. Supernumerary tubercles absent. Relative finger length IA 2; A 2 with a very narrow gap in the medial portion; P 1, P 2, and P 3 similar in size; P 3 regular, not modified as a labial arm. In one individual, the P 1 is interrupted medially. Jaw sheaths densely pigmented, serrated; upper jaw-sheath archshaped, with medial projection and long lateral process; lower jaw-sheath V-shaped (Fig. 6 E). Behind the lower jaw-sheath, there is a colored keratinized spur on each side. Spiracle single, sinistral, short, located at the middle of the body, below the body midline, oriented posterodorsally, with inner wall fused to body wall, except for its posterior margin, and external wall shorter than inner wall; spiracle opening elliptical. Vent tube dextral, as large as wide, positioned above the margin of the ven
Richness, diversity patterns, and taxonomic notes of amphibians from the Tocantins state
No full textAbstract: Herein, we provide the first comprehensive amphibian checklist for the State of Tocantins, North of Brazil, based on field sampling, literature data, and specimens deposited in zoological collections. We performed field surveys from 2012 to 2019 in 12 Tocantins municipalities, totaling 376 days of sampling effort. We analyzed 25 papers from the literature and examined 1311 specimens from collections and collected 750 during field surveys. We recorded 90 amphibian species distributed in 12 anurans and two caecilians families. At least seven undescribed species along the state were recorded. We also present new records for 20 species for the state, nine of them corresponding to Amazonian species, four Cerrado endemic, one Caatinga species, and the widely distributed treefrog Boana crepitans; the others five new records comprise undescribed species. Our data also suggest that the Tocantins amphibian composition is not geographically structured in relation to the biomes, since Amazonian, Caatinga, and Cerrado amphibian lineages have their distribution nearly completely overlapped in the state. We propose that this absence of spatial structuration may be a result of two factors (synergetic or not). First, the events of expansion and retraction of the biomes caused by the Quaternary climatic cycles, which may have mixed the populations of species from different biomes causing the notable pattern of overlapped distribution observed here. Second, the forest environments (e.g. gallery and riparian forests) associated to the Araguaia-Tocantins River basins may have acted as historical dispersal corridors for the Amazonian amphibian lineages into the Cerrado of the Tocantins. Despite the sampling effort of the present study, we stress that gaps of information still remain and further field sampling efforts should be performed along the state. Lastly, taxonomic appraisals involving the species with problematic taxonomic status recorded here should be based on multiples lines of evidences (acoustic, molecular, and morphological data), which will render a more accurate view on the Tocantins amphibian diversity. Such data are extremely necessary under the current high rate of habitat loss across the state, since they can be used to guide public policies of conservation
