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Simple anthropometric and physical performance tests to predict maximal box-lifting ability

Author: ALUN G. WILLIAMS
Wilkinson Mick
Williams Alun
MICK WILKINSON
Williams Alun G.
Publication venue
Publication date: 01/05/2007
Field of study

Box-lifting ability is an important characteristic of military personnel. The purpose of this paper was to determine the usefulness of the upright row free weight exercise, and simple anthropometric tests, to predict maximal box-lifting performance that simulates the loading of military supply vehicles. Two groups of adults performed maximal box lifts to 1.4 m (study one) and 1.7 m (study two) respectively. All subjects were also tested for upright row 1-repetition maximum (1RM) strength, body mass, height and body composition. In study one, a remarkably good prediction of maximal box-lift performance to 1.4 m (42 ? 12 kg) was obtained from a regression equation including the variables body mass, body composition and upright row 1RM. Approximately 95% of the variation in 1.4 m box-lifting performance could be accounted for. In contrast, in study two, only 80% of the variation in 1.7 m box-lifting performance (51 ? 15 kg) could be accounted for by the best predictor equation. Upright row 1RM strength appears to be a useful tool in the prediction of box-lifting ability to approximately chest height for most adults, probably due to a close match between the muscle groups and contraction modes required during both tasks. Military or other organizations could use the data reported here to substitute simple anthropometry and a 1RM test of strength and for the direct assessment of 1.4 m box-lifting performance

Northumbria University Research Portal

Crossref

E-space: Manchester Metropolitan University's Research Repository

Grey-box model identification via evolutionary computing

Author: Y. Li
Li Y.
K.C. Tan
Tan K.C.
Publication venue
Publication date: 01/07/2002
Field of study

This paper presents an evolutionary grey-box model identification methodology that makes the best use of a priori knowledge on a clear-box model with a global structural representation of the physical system under study, whilst incorporating accurate blackbox models for immeasurable and local nonlinearities of a practical system. The evolutionary technique is applied to building dominant structural identification with local parametric tuning without the need of a differentiable performance index in the presence of noisy data. It is shown that the evolutionary technique provides an excellent fitting performance and is capable of accommodating multiple objectives such as to examine the relationships between model complexity and fitting accuracy during the model building process. Validation results show that the proposed method offers robust, uncluttered and accurate models for two practical systems. It is expected that this type of grey-box models will accommodate many practical engineering systems for a better modelling accuracy

Crossref

Enlighten

ScholarBank@NUS

Greenland SMB, D and TMB annual time series 1840-2012

Author: Kjeldsen Kristian
Box Jason
Colgan William Terrence
Publication venue
Publication date: 31/03/2021
Field of study

<body lang=en-DK link=blue vlink="#954F72" style='tab-interval:36.0pt; word-wrap:break-word'> All-Greenland Surface and Total Mass Balance annual time series after <li class=MsoNormal style='color:black;mso-list:l2 level1 lfo3;tab-stops:list 36.0pt; vertical-align:baseline'>Kjeldsen et al (2015) https://doi.org/10.1038/nature16183  <li class=MsoNormal style='color:black;mso-list:l2 level1 lfo3;tab-stops:list 36.0pt; vertical-align:baseline'>Box (2013) SMB https://doi.org/10.1175/JCLI-D-12-00518.1 <li class=MsoNormal style='color:black;mso-list:l2 level1 lfo3;tab-stops:list 36.0pt; vertical-align:baseline'>Box and Colgan (2013) TMB https://doi.org/10.1175/jcli-d-12-00546.1 <li class=MsoNormal style='color:black;margin-bottom:4.0pt;mso-list:l2 level1 lfo3; tab-stops:list 36.0pt;vertical-align:baseline'>Box et al. (2013) Accumulation <a href="https://doi.org/10.1175/JCLI-D-12-00373.1">https://doi.org/10.1175/JCLI-D-12-00373.1 Data file and notes Greenland_mass_balance_totals_1840-2012_ver_20141130_with_uncert_via_Kjeldsen_et_al_2015.csv Column headers:  year     accumulation  accumulation 1sigma  melt     melt 1sigma    retention         retention 1sigma        runoff  runoff 1sigma discharge from 6 year lagged average runoff     discharge 1sigma        TMB    TMB 1sigma 1840    645.43 65.82   277.70 64.34   143.07 48.72   173.56 46.15   406.08 36.65   65.79 Units: Gt per year, temperature in deg. C  Column description: “1sigma” refers to uncertainty; “accumulation” is snow accumulation equivalent with tp minus vapor lsos; “melt” is snow or ice converted to liquid; “retention” is nternal accumulation; “runoff” is liquid melt water exiting ice sheet; “SMB” is surface mass balance; “TMB” is total mass balance From these data SMB can be computed as: accumulation - runoff - discharge Time series visualization code and data: <a href="https://github.com/jasonebox/TMB_Greenland_1840-2012">https://github.com/jasonebox/TMB_Greenland_1840-2012 Issues: <a href="https://github.com/jasonebox/TMB_Greenland_1840-2012/issues">https://github.com/jasonebox/TMB_Greenland_1840-2012/issues Description The Box (2013) 171 year (1840-2010) surface mass balance reconstruction is developed from linear regression parameters that describe the correlation between a.) spatially discontinuous in-situ monthly air temperature records (Cappelen, 2011; Cappelen et al., 2001, 2006; Vinther et al., 2006) or firn/ice cores (Box et al., 2013) and b.) spatially continuous outputs from regional climate model RACMO version 2.1 (Ettema et al., 2010). A 43-year overlap period 1960–2012 with RACMO2.1 is used to determine regression parameters on a 5 km grid cell basis. Then the predictor (air temperature and firn/ice core) data span 1840 to 2012. A fundamental assumption is that the calibration factors, regression slope and offset for the calibration period 1960–2012 are stationary over time. See “part I” of Box et al. (2013) for a description of the method, which includes a formal approach to estimate uncertainty. The Box (2013) 171 year (1840-2010) SMB reconstruction is refined in (Kjeldsen et al., 2015) to incorporate: including peripheral ice masses in addition to the ice sheet; a more sophisticated meltwater retention scheme (Pfeffer et al., 1991); multiple in-situ records are weighted in their contribution to the estimated value; the annual accumulation rates from ice cores are dispersed into a monthly temporal resolution by weighting the monthly (based on the 1960–2012 RACMO2.1 data) fraction of the annual total for each grid cell in the domain and the revised surface mass balance data end with year 2012. The 173 year (1840-2012) reconstruction of annual total mass balance (TMB) is after (Box and Colgan, 2013) improved in (Kjeldsen et al., 2015). Annual solid ice discharge (D) was estimated via a fit of unsmoothed solid ice discharge data (Rignot et al., 2008, 2011) with Box (2013) runoff data having a 6-year trailing average in Kjeldsen et al. (2015). The physical basis for the SID parameterization using runoff is described in (Box and Colgan, 2013). Works Cited ·      Box, J. E.: Greenland Ice Sheet Mass Balance Reconstruction. Part II: Surface Mass Balance (1840–2010), J. Clim., 26(18), 6974–6989, 2013. ·      Box, J. E. and Colgan, W.: Greenland Ice Sheet Mass Balance Reconstruction. Part III: Marine Ice Loss and Total Mass Balance (1840–2010), J. Clim., 26(18), 6990–7002, 2013. ·      Box, J. E., Cressie, N., Bromwich, D. H., Jung, J.-H., van den Broeke, M., van Angelen, J. H., Forster, R. R., Miège, C., Mosley-Thompson, E., Vinther, B. and McConnell, J. R.: Greenland Ice Sheet Mass Balance Reconstruction. Part I: Net Snow Accumulation (1600–2009), J. Clim., 26(11), 3919–3934, 2013. ·      Cappelen, J.: DMI monthly climate data collection 1768– 2010, Denmark, the Faroe Islands and Greenland, Danish Meteorological Institute., 2011. ·      Cappelen, J., Jørgensen, B. V., Laursen, E. V., Stannius, L. S. and Thomsen, R. S.: The observed climate of Greenland, 1958–99 with climatological standard normals, Danish Meteorological Institute., Technical Report 00-18, 151 pp., 2001. ·      Cappelen, J., Laursen, E. V., Jørgensen, P. V. and Kern-Hansen, C.: DMI monthly climate data collection 1768–2005, Denmark, the Faroe Islands and Greenland, Danish Meteorological Institute., 2006. ·      Ettema, J., van den Broeke, M. R., van Meijgaard, E., van de Berg, W. J., Box, J. E. and Steffen, K.: Climate of the Greenland ice sheet using a high-resolution climate model – Part 1: Evaluation, The Cryosphere, 4(4), 511–527, 2010. ·      Kjeldsen, K. K., Korsgaard, N. J., Bjørk, A. A., Khan, S. A., Box, J. E., Funder, S., Larsen, N. K., Bamber, J. L., Colgan, W., van den Broeke, M., Siggaard-Andersen, M.-L., Nuth, C., Schomacker, A., Andresen, C. S., Willerslev, E. and Kjær, K. H.: Spatial and temporal distribution of mass loss from the Greenland Ice Sheet since AD 1900, Nature, 528(7582), 396–400, 2015. ·      Pfeffer, W. T., Meier, M. F. and Illangasekare, T. H.: Retention of Greenland runoff by refreezing: Implications for projected future sea level change, J. Geophys. Res., 96, 22,117, 1991. ·      Rignot, E., Box, J. E., Burgess, E. and Hanna, E.: Mass balance of the Greenland ice sheet from 1958 to 2007, Geophysical Research Letters, 35(20), doi:10.1029/2008gl035417, 2008. ·      Rignot, E., Velicogna, I., van den Broeke, M. R., Monaghan, A. and Lenaerts, J. T. M.: Acceleration of the contribution of the Greenland and Antarctic ice sheets to sea level rise, Geophys. Res. Lett., 38(5), doi:10.1029/2011gl046583, 2011. ·      Vinther, B. M., Andersen, K. K., Jones, P. D., Briffa, K. R. and Cappelen, J.: Extending Greenland temperature records into the late eighteenth century, J. Geophys. Res., 111(D11), doi:10.1029/2005jd006810, 2006.   </html

GEUS Dataverse

Box-particle intensity filter

Author: Gning Amadou
Streit Roy
R. Streit
W. Koch
Mihaylova Lyudmila
Cremers Daniel
M. Schikora
D. Cremers
A. Gning
L. Mihaylova
Koch Wofgang
Schikora Marek
Publication venue
Publication date: 15/05/2012
Field of study

This paper develops a novel approach for multi-target tracking, called box-particle intensity filter (box-iFilter). The approach is able to cope with unknown clutter, false alarms and estimates the unknown number of targets. Furthermore, it is capable of dealing with three sources of uncertainty: stochastic, set-theoretic and data association uncertainty. The box-iFilter reduces the number of particles significantly, which improves the runtime considerably. The low particle number enables this approach to be used for distributed computing. A box-particle is a random sample that occupies a small and controllable rectangular region of non-zero volume. Manipulation of boxes utilizes the methods from the field of interval analysis. Our studies suggest that the box-iFilter reaches an accuracy similar to a sequential Monte Carlo (SMC) iFilter but with much less computational costs

Crossref

Lancaster E-Prints

klmr/box: box 1.2.0

Author: Pedro Rafael
Kamil Zyla
Konrad Rudolph
Michael Schubert
Jim Hester
Publication venue
Publication date: 07/02/2024
Field of study

<h2>Breaking changes</h2> <ul> <li>Deprecation warning: in the next major version, 'box' will read the environment variable <code>R_BOX_PATH</code> only once, at package load time. Modifying its value afterwards will have no effect, unless the package is unloaded and reloaded.</li> <li>'box' no longer supports R 3.5 since the R build infrastructure (in particular 'devtools') no longer supports it.</li> </ul> <h2>Bug fixes</h2> <ul> <li>Fix backports definitions so that they work in binary packages that were created using newer R versions (#347).</li> <li>Replace call to function that was added in R 4.0.0 to make package work again in R 3.6.3 (#335).</li> </ul> <h2>New and improved features</h2> <ul> <li>Prevent accidental misuse by checking that arguments to <code>box::file()</code> and <code>box::export()</code> are unnamed (#334).</li> <li>The <code>method</code> argument of <code>box::register_S3_method()</code> is now optional (#305).</li> </ul> This version corresponds to <a href="https://cran.r-project.org/package=box">version 1.2.0 on CRAN</a>.</p&gt

ZENODO

Box-and-whisker plot of the distribution R-squared across extinct cohorts, by decade of birth.

Author: Po-Lin Wang (4925596)
David McCarthy (1983853)
Publication venue
Publication date: 2023
Field of study

Box-and-whisker plot of the distribution R-squared across extinct cohorts, by decade of birth.</p

The Francis Crick Institute

Distribution, life history, food choice and chemical ecology of the invasive box-tree pyralid "cydalima perspectalis"

Author: Leuthardt Florine Lilli Gabriela
Publication venue
Publication date: 01/01/2013
Field of study

SUMMARY: The box-tree pyralid Cydalima perspectalis (Walker 1859) (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) is a new invasive moth species in Europe. Its larvae feed on box-tree leaves and can cause severe damage within short time. Therefore, this species is of great concern for park and public garden manager in Europe. In the context of my PhD thesis, I examined the spread in the region of Basel, the national distribution as well as the biology of this moth. The natural dispersal speed was assessed using a public survey in the region of Basel. The number of adult moths caught with light traps allowed the determination of two distinct periods of appearance of adult moths: the first in July and the second, less pronounced, from September to mid-October. In collaboration with CABI Switzerland in Delémont, a geographic model based on literature data from Europe and Asia as well as field and laboratory data was developed. It shows the potential distribution, life-history and relative abundance of the box-tree pyralid in Europe. The model suggests that the box-tree pyralid might spread across most of Europe, except North Fenno-Scandinavia, Northern Scotland and high mountain regions, where the overall temperatures are too low to allow the completion of an entire generation per year. In most parts of Central Europe, two generations of C. perspectalis may occur, whereas in Northern and North-Western Europe, low temperatures allow only one yearly generation. In an experiment, a potential preference of the box-tree pyralid for a particular box-tree variety was investigated. Female moths deposited their eggs preferably on varieties with large leaves. Larval growth and survival did not differ between the five most frequently planted box-tree varieties in Central Europe, suggesting that the box-tree pyralid has a broad food acceptance in Europe. The discrepancy between adult preference and larval performance could be explained by the fact that the larval generation which was tested in this experiment was only about the tenth in Central Europe, and that the adaptation to the new ecosystem is not fully accomplished yet. Another study involving chemical analyses showed that larvae take up toxic compounds (alkaloids) from the box-tree leaves on which they feed and therefore become unpalatable for predators. Young larvae contain twice as much alkaloids as larvae in later instars. In box-tree leaves, the concentration of alkaloids doubles between one year-old leaves and older leaves. This finding suggests a preference of larvae for leaves containing a high concentration of alkaloids, which may explain why damage on a box-tree most often starts in the lower part, where the oldest leaves are found. Finally, an instrument for decision-making when facing the choice of long-term care and replacement of large box-tree plantations was developed using the example of the cemetery “am Hörnli” in Riehen, close to Basel. The cemetery “am Hörnli” would suffer a great financial damage due to the loss of box-trees, having estimated 3.3 km of box-tree hedges and 650 solitary trees. Since a replacement of all box-tree plants does neither come into consideration financially nor materially, the municipal parks and garden department chose a financially more attractive solution for the clearance, care, and replacement of box-trees, following a concept of commensurability and efficiency: important trees from a heritage point of view are management and functionally less important trees are cleared and replaced by optically different but less pricy plants or not replaced at all. This strategy proves to be the most cost-efficient: after only four years this strategy is financially more attractive than a hypothetical care of all box-tree plants. The findings of this doctoral thesis suggest that it will become unavoidable to monitor box-trees in gardens, parks and in natural sites and to treat them with pesticides in case of need. ---------- Zusammenfassung: Der Buchsbaumzünsler Cydalima perspectalis (Walker 1859) (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) ist eine in Europa neu auftretende, invasive Schmetterlingsart, dessen Raupen sich von Buchsblättern ernähren. Diese können innert kurzer Zeit grosse Schäden anrichten und bereiten daher den Verantwortlichen für Parks und Grünanlagen in Europa grosse Sorgen. Im Rahmen meiner Dissertation untersuchte ich die regionale und nationale Ausbreitung sowie die Biologie des Falters. Mittels einer Umfrage bei der Bevölkerung der Region Basel wurde die natürliche Ausbreitungs-geschwindigkeit des Buchsbaumzünslers erfasst. Mithilfe der Aufzeichnung von Lichtfängen an zwei Standorten in Basel konnten zwei deutlich getrennte Perioden des Erscheinens der Falter festgestellt werden: die erste im Juli und die zweite, weniger stark ausgeprägte, von Anfang September bis Mitte Oktober. In Zusammenarbeit mit CABI Switzerland in Delémont wurde ein geographisches Modell erstellt, welches anhand von Literaturdaten aus Europa und Asien sowie Feld- und Labor-Daten die potentielle Verbreitung, die relative Abundanz sowie den jährlichen Rhythmus des Buchsbaumzünslers in Europa simuliert. Das Modell lässt darauf schliessen, dass sich der Buchsbaumzünsler in ganz Europa ausbreiten kann, mit Ausnahme vom nördlichen Fennoskandinavien, dem Norden Schottlands und hohen Bergregionen wo die Temperaturen insgesamt zu niedrig sind, um eine komplette Generation pro Jahr auszubilden. In weiten Teilen Mitteleuropas bildet der Schädling zwei jährliche Generationen aus. In Nordeuropa erlauben die tieferen Temperaturen hingegen nur eine einzige Generation pro Jahr. Mit einem Experiment wurde eine allfällige Buchsbaum-Sortenpräferenz des Buchsbaumzünslers untersucht. Legebereite Weibchen zeigten eine Vorliebe für grossblättrige Buchssorten. Die Wachstumsrate und Sterblichkeit der Raupen zeigten keine Unterschiede zwischen den häufigsten Sorten in Mitteleuropa, was darauf schliessen lässt, dass der Buchsbaumzünsler in Europa eine breite Futterpflanzen- akzeptanz aufweist. Die Abweichung zwischen der Präferenz der Falter und der Wachstumsrate der Raupen kann daraus herrühren, dass die getesteten Raupen und Falter erst etwa die zehnte Generation ist, welche in Mitteleuropa auftritt, und die Anpassung an das neue Ökosystem noch nicht optimiert wurde. In einer weiteren Untersuchung konnte anhand von chemischen Analysen gezeigt werden, dass die Raupen giftige Stoffe (Alkaloide) aus den Buchsblättern aufnehmen und speichern und deshalb für Frassfeinde ungeniessbar sind. Junge Raupen weisen einen doppelt so hohen Alkaloidgehalt auf wie spätere Stadien. Beim Buchs sind die Alkaloidkonzentration in einjährigen Blättern nur etwa halb so gross ist wie in älteren Blättern. Diese Beobachtung legt nahe, dass Raupen Blätter mit hohem Alkaloidgehalt vorziehen, was erklären mag weshalb der Frass an einer Buchspflanze meist im unteren Bereich anfängt, wo die ältesten Blätter sind. Es wurde ebenfalls ein Instrument zur Entscheidungsfindung zwischen Ersatz oder langjähriger Pflege grosser Buchsbestände anhand des Friedhofes am Hörnli in Riehen bei Basel entwickelt, da dieser mit seinen geschätzten 3.3 km Buchshecken und 650 Solitärbuchsbäumen von einem erheblichen finanziellen Schaden durch den Verlust von Buchs betroffen ist. Da ein Ersatz aller Buchspflanzen weder finanziell noch materiell in Frage kommt, wird von der Stadtgärtnerei – entsprechend dem Konzept der Verhältnismässigkeit – ein weit niedrigerer Betrag für Rodung, Ersatz und Pflege aufgewendet: Denkmal-pflegerisch wichtige Buchspflanzen werden erhalten und gepflegt, funktionell weniger wichtige Buchspflanzen gerodet und je nach Situation gar nicht oder durch optisch verschiedene aber dafür günstigere Straucharten ersetzt. Diese Strategie erweist sich als die rentabelste: bereits nach vier Jahren ist diese Strategie finanziell attraktiver als eine hypothetische Pflege des gesamten Buchsbestandes. Aufgrund der verschiedenen Erkenntnisse, welche im Verlauf dieser Doktorarbeit gewonnen wurden, wird es in Zukunft unvermeidlich sein, Buchspflanzen in Gärten, Parkanlagen und an natürlichen Standorten zu überwachen und notfalls mit Insektenschutzmitteln zu behandeln

edoc

Improved Subset Autoregression: With R Package

Author: Ying Zhang
A. Ian McLeod
Publication venue
Publication date
Field of study

The FitAR R (R Development Core Team 2008) package that is available on the Comprehensive R Archive Network is described. This package provides a comprehensive approach to fitting autoregressive and subset autoregressive time series. For long time series with complicated autocorrelation behavior, such as the monthly sunspot numbers, subset autoregression may prove more feasible and/or parsimonious than using AR or ARMA models. The two principal functions in this package are SelectModel and FitAR for automatic model selection and model fitting respectively. In addition to the regular autoregressive model and the usual subset autoregressive models (Tong'77), these functions implement a new family of models. This new family of subset autoregressive models is obtained by using the partial autocorrelations as parameters and then selecting a subset of these parameters. Further properties and results for these models are discussed in McLeod and Zhang (2006). The advantages of this approach are that not only is an efficient algorithm for exact maximum likelihood implemented but that efficient methods are derived for selecting high-order subset models that may occur in massive datasets containing long time series. A new improved extended {BIC} criterion, {UBIC}, developed by Chen and Chen (2008) is implemented for subset model selection. A complete suite of model building functions for each of the three types of autoregressive models described above are included in the package. The package includes functions for time series plots, diagnostic testing and plotting, bootstrapping, simulation, forecasting, Box-Cox analysis, spectral density estimation and other useful time series procedures. As well as methods for standard generic functions including print, plot, predict and others, some new generic functions and methods are supplied that make it easier to work with the output from FitAR for bootstrapping, simulation, spectral density estimation and Box-Cox analysis.

Research Papers in Economics

Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis

Author: Waltman L.R.
Eck N.J.P. van
Publication venue
Publication date
Field of study

We provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authorsâ€™ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis

Research Papers in Economics

Box, R, 3786910

Author: Australian Red Cross Society National Office
Publication venue
Publication date: 2017
Field of study

This record was harvested from a previous catalogue system and will be withdrawn in 2025. Information in this record may be superseded or incomplete. Visit this record in UMA's new catalogue at: https://archives.library.unimelb.edu.au/nodes/view/372980Surname: BOX Given Name(s) or Initials: R Military Service Number or Last Known Location: 3786910 Missing, Wounded and Prisoner of War Enquiry Card Index Number: SEA-1595184021 Item: [2016.0049.05302] "Box, R, 3786910

The University of Melbourne: Digitised Collections