1,720,978 research outputs found
Stenography and orality in Dickens: rethinking the phonographic myth
No full textThis article explores the stenographic origins of Dickens's fictional speech by analysing the differences between the Gurney and Pitman systems, highlighting the different ways in which they would have affected their users' awareness of script in relation to sound. It is argued that the difficulties and internal contradictions of the Gurney system, illustrated so graphically in David Copperfield, combined to produce a unique system for the processing of language.and that the repeated use of this mechanism provided Dickens with a unique blend of phonotactic and alphabetical creativity - a creativity that the transparently phonographic Pitman system was not designed to produce
A stenographic origin for the Boz nickname
No full textThis article describes how the name Boz may have arisen in the Dickens family as a consequence of word games produced by Dickens’s learning of stenography
Immunologically speaking: oral exams, ELF and EMI
No full text“English-medium instruction” (EMI) is the name given to the use of the English language in universities to teach academic subjects in countries where the majority of the population does not have English as a first language (Dearden 2014). What this definition fails to mention is that interaction during EMI courses is almost entirely through the medium of English as a lingua franca (ELF). This article focuses on the challenges facing lecturers and examiners working on English-taught programmes (ETPs) in ELF and the role of language experts in supporting them. As a basis for discussion, the article uses data from a set of immunology oral examinations carried out during an undergraduate degree programme in Medicine being taught through EMI. Qualitative analysis of the data shows that this particular oral examination involves students and examiners co-constructing highly specific, chronological narratives of immunological sequences. It is argued that, far from being an exclusively linguistic matter, this kind of narrative co-construction involves acquiring a unique discursive skill set and that preparing students for the examination needs to involve increasing students’ awareness and practice of the construction process. Discussion focuses on how far qualitative results of this kind of local examination data are generalisable to other EMI contexts and whether there are recommendations for language experts and policymakers in understanding and improving the quality of EMI lecturing and assessment through in other languacultures. The article will also examine how far an ELF orientation to pedagogy can assist EMI lecturers, examiners and students in their decision-making regarding materials, methods and their own English usage
The Contribution of CA to the study of literary dialogue
No full textThis article addresses the role of conversation analysis (CA) in the study of literary talk and is based on the general observation that poeticity seems to be a phenomenon of natural talk. Early studies of poetics assumed that language commonly regarded as “literary” was evidence of a “poetic function” (Jakobson 1960) that was specific to literature. There is evidence to suggest, however, that poeticity is an all-embracing aspect of language and not the province of literature alone. This casts doubt on the notion that there is such a phenomenon as “literary” language which can be distinguished from “non-literary”, i.e. ordinary, language. It is suggested here that the existence of poeticity in conversation has consequences for the analysis of dialogue in literature and that CA may have a role to play in this kind of study. To set up this argument, the general area of poetics and conversation will be sketched out in section 1.0 and the relationship between conversation and dialogue in literature discussed in section 2.0. Section 3.0 identifies particular issues which need to be explored further
Dickens's shorthand manuscripts
No full textThis article gives a full description of Dickens's surviving shorthand manuscripts and the Brachygraphy system that he used. It also analyses how he adapted shorthand symbols for teaching purposes
Hybrid quotation forms in Dickens
No full textQuotation phenomena (or q forms) are «stretches of direct quotation which cannot be direct- ly classified as direct speech because of the way in which they occur inside other non-direct st&wp (Speech, Thought and Writing Presentation) categories» (Semino, Short, 2004, p. 54). Though more frequently found in journalistic prose than in fiction, they are extremely com- mon in Dickens’s fictional work. This article explores Dickens’s use of the complementiser that to introduce the q form clause. It is argued that Dickens’s use of this hybrid form in his fiction may have originated in his reporting of legal depositions in 1829-1831. Its stylistic effect is to turn the journalistic ‘reportable quotation’ into a ‘commentable proposition’, bringing other speaking characters and narrators into the speech event and drawing his readers in to share their perspective. Dickens thus uses this hybrid Q Form as a device to position his readers as participants in a conversational story and involves them more closely in its telling
Analyzing languages for specific purposes discourse
No full textIn the last 20 years, technological advancement and increased multidisciplinarity has expanded the range of data regarded as within the scope of languages for specific purposes (LSP) research and the means by which they can be analyzed. As a result, the analytical work of LSP researchers has developed from a narrow focus on specialist terminology coupled with generic discourse analysis to a wide-ranging set of perspectives involving multiple methods and databases. This article aims to explore this 20-year expansion process by examining the development of the domains of LSP research in which certain methods have been particularly productive and by providing an outline of how each method has been applied within LSP research. Among the areas examined are lexical and register analysis, genre analysis, conversation analysis, ethnography, and multimethod approaches. It is argued that developments in LSP analysis have generally been in the direction of greater contextualization of discourse, moving away from a concentration on lexicogrammatical features of text to include analysis of spoken and written discourses of specific domains. The article concludes with some comments on the needs, priorities, and challenges for future research in the analysis of LSP
Negotiating legal identities online: narratives of drug use
No full textThis chapter examines the construction of legal identities in an online drug user forum. In order to guarantee legal immunity from prosecution, the House Rules of drug user forums frequently recommend that posters use certain linguistic forms to refer to themselves when posting narratives about drug use. These include the acronym SWIM ("someone who isn't me") and third person pronouns in subject position. The different effects that this kind of self-positioning has on online interaction will be illustrated by applying Goffman's (1981) categories for responsibility for talk (authors, animators, figures) to the discourse of a single forum. The results show that, since the use of usernames in the online context is already a guarantee of anonymity, additional aliases such as SWIM create a twice-removed level of discourse which conjures up a "story world within a story world". Secondly posters' self-conscious use of linguistic devices to distance themselves from personal and legal responsibility for narrated activities carries with it the implication that "we know that the narrated events are illegal". It is argued that this "knowingly illegal" frame heightens the affiliation achieved by co-narration, binding the discourse community closer together. Thirdly, posters' strict conformity to the norm of the forum reinforce its strongly hierarchical structure, which is in contrast with the non-conformist nature of the narrated activities themselves
Dizionario di psicologia e psichiatria
No full textAn English-Italian bilingual dictionary of psychology and psychiatr
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