1,720,990 research outputs found
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
Interaction of noroviruses with histo-blood group antigens during viral inactivation
No full textLes norovirus (NoV) sont l’une des principales causes de gastro-entérites dans le monde. La recherche des NoV dans les aliments et l’eau est réalisée à l’aide des techniques de biologie moléculaire mais elles présentent l’inconvénient de ne pas apporter d’information sur le caractère infectieux des virus. La détection du génome d’un virus capable de reconnaître préalablement son récepteur cellulaire pourrait limiter la surestimation du danger viral en excluant les particules non infectieuses n’ayant plus de capside intègre. Plusieurs études ont montré que l’interaction spécifique de la capside avec des antigènes tissulaires de groupes sanguins (HBGA) favorisait l’infection des NoV chez l’Homme. Ces sucres complexes, retrouvés dans la salive et à la surface des cellules intestinales, sont considérés comme des facteurs d’attachement mais il n’est pas exclu qu’ils puissent jouer un rôle de (co)-récepteur cellulaire ou un rôle de protection des NoV vis-à-vis des stress imposés par le système digestif de l’Homme avant d’atteindre sa cellule hôte. Dans un premier temps, des facteurs d’inactivation que les virus sont susceptibles de rencontrer avant leur arrivée dans l’intestin de l’Homme (i.e. pH acide, enzymes protéolytiques) ont été testés pour évaluer le rôle de protection des NoV par les HBGA. Dans un second temps, des traitements d’inactivation (i.e. vieillissement naturel, chaleur, oxydants) ont été testés pour évaluer le maintien de la fixation des HBGA par les capsides de NoV GII.4, et donc de l’intégrité de la capside virale. Par des approches méthodologiques complémentaires, il a été montré que l’interaction avec les HBGA ne protégeait pas les NoV GII.4 vis-à-vis du pH acide et des enzymes protéolytiques. Ensuite, nos résultats ont mis en évidence que la fixation spécifique des NoV aux HBGA permettait de sélectionner les virus possédant encore des capsides structurées. Cependant, cette approche montre certaines limites lorsque les traitements induisent des modifications mineures au niveau de la capside, suggérant que la perte de la fixation des HBGA par les capsides ne puisse pas toujours être corrélée à la perte du caractère infectieux des NoV.Noroviruses (NoVs) are one of the leading causes of gastroenteritis worldwide. The detection of NoVs in food and water is performed by using molecular tools, but they do not provide information about NoV infectivity when their genome is detected. The recognition of the cellular receptor prior the detection of viral genome could limit the overestimation of the viral hazard by excluding non-infectious particles having altered capsid. Many studies have shown that the specific interaction between histo-blood group antigens (HBGA) and the viral capsid promotes the infection of NoVs in humans. These complex carbohydrates, found in saliva and on the surface of intestinal cells, are described as attachment factors but it is not excluded that they may play a role of cellular co-receptor or a role of protection of NoVs against the stresses found in the gastrointestinal tract before reaching its host cell. Firstly, inactivation factors that viruses can encountered before reaching the human intestine (i.e. acid pH, proteolytic enzymes) have been tested to evaluate the role of NoV protection by HBGAs. Secondly, various inactivation treatments (i.e. natural ageing, heat, oxidants) have been tested to evaluate the capacity of HBGA-binding to the GII.4 NoV capsids, and thus the capsid integrity. Using complementary methodological approaches, it was evidenced that the interaction between HBGAs and viral capsid did not protect GII.4 NoV against acid pH and proteolytic enzymes. Then, our results have demonstrated that the HBGA-binding to the capsid could select GII.4 NoVs having structured capsids. However, this approach displays some drawbacks for inactivation treatments which induce minor changes in the capsid integrity, suggesting that the loss of the HBGA-binding to the NoV capsid could not always be correlated to the loss of the NoV infectivity
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
Author Under Sail The Imagination of Jack London, 1893-1902
No full textIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Intro -- Title Page -- Copyright Page -- Dedication -- Contents -- Acknowledgments -- Introduction -- 1. Spirit Truth -- 2. From Absorption to Theatricality and Back Again -- 3. "I Will Build a New Present" -- 4. Sons as Authors -- 5. Fathers as Publishers -- 6. The Daughter as Author -- 7. Lovers as Authors -- 8. At Sea with the Family -- 9. Yellow News, Yellow Stories -- 10. The Return Home -- Notes -- Bibliography -- Index -- About Jay WilliamsIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Description based on publisher supplied metadata and other sources.Electronic reproduction. Ann Arbor, Michigan : ProQuest Ebook Central, YYYY. Available via World Wide Web. Access may be limited to ProQuest Ebook Central affiliated libraries
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