448 research outputs found
Strategic behavior at trial-The production, reporting, and evaluation of complex evidence
No full textRecent game-theoretic analyses of the adversarial process have focused on the hability of courts to render accurate verdicts in light of selectivity reported evidence. This paper generalizes previous work by developing a game where the court´s decision to weigh evidence and litigants' information-gathering and reporting strategies are endogenously determined, and examines the effects on the players' equilibrium strategies of varying the informational endowments of the litigants concerning the true value of the parameter under dispute. We find that litigants' strategies are driven by their knowledge of the court's potential behavior and prior beliefs, which are non-neutral with respect to trial results.adversarial process, information provision, weighing of evidence
Students' expectations of the economic returns to college education Results of a controlled experiment
No full textThis study reports the results of an experiment designed to elicit students' subjective beliefs about the economic returns to college education. An important feature of our experimental design is the inclusion of financial incentives for accurate reporting. We also consider the extent to which individuals' beliefs about their own returns differ from their beliefs about the returns for others. The evidence shows that students do have a self-enhancement tendency, and this finding cannot be attributed to previously uncontrolled order effects. The evidence also indicates that there is no significant difference between beliefs elicited using hypothetical surveys or real financial incentives in the elicitation procedure. This finding suggests that economists' reluctance to gather subjective data on earnings expectations may not be warrant.rate of return, human capital
Hypothetical, real, and predicted real willingness to pay in open-ended surveys: experimental results
No full textThis study reports the results of experiments designed to elicit, within a controlled laboratory environment, hypothetical and real willingness to pay for an environmental educational program using the open-ended question format. By maintaining both the good and the question format constant across the treatments, our experiments overcome the shortcomings of recently reported experimental results, providing a clean test for hypothetical bias in open-ended valuations. Having found a statistically significant difference between the hypothetical and real values, we turn into the question of whether hypothetical valuations may nonetheless provide useful statistical information concerning individuals’ real valuations. This question, which is perhaps the key question in the current state of the debate surrounding the contingent valuation method, is answered affirmatively in this study.experimental methods, contingent valuation methods, calibration methods
Errata do artigo “Quem deveria participar na definição das prioridades em saúde e como deveriam essas prioridades ser estabelecidas? resultados de um inquérito em Portugal”
No full textDisponível no RepositóriUM em: http://hdl.handle.net/1822/29713. DOI do artigo original: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.rpsp.2013.06.004.No artigo “Who should participate in health care priority setting and how should priorities be set? Evidence from a Portuguese survey” (Rev Port Saúde Pública. 2013;31(2):214‐22), onde se lê “Anabela Botelho Veloso”, deveria ler‐se “Anabela Botelho” e onde se lê “Michaela” deveria ler‐se “Micaela”.(undefined
The determinants of success in university entrance
No full textThis paper proposes that high school graduates applying to higher education institutions do not have equal chances of succeeding. Therefore, admission outcomes must be taken into account by researchers and policy makers analysing college-going behaviour and the equity and efficiency of higher education systems.Educational economics, higher education, chances of success
Testing static game theory with dynamic experiments: a case study of public goods
No full textGame theory provides predictions of behavior in many one-shot games. On the other hand, most experimenters usually play repeated games with subjects, to provide experience. To avoid subjects rationally employing strategies that are appropriate for the repeated game, experimenters typically employ a "random strangers" design in which subjects are randomly paired with others in the session. There is some chance that subjects will meet in multiple rounds, but it is claimed that this chance is so small that subjects will behave as if they are in a one-shot environment. We present evidence from public goods experiments that this claim is not always true.Game theory, experiments, public goods
O espelho deformante Imagens do grotesco em Fatal Dilema, de Abel Botelho
No full textNa análise da obra de Abel Botelho, considerada uma referência do Naturalismo português, nomeadamente no estudo do romance Fatal Dilema, verifica‑se que, apesar da intenção naturalista de representar a verdade absoluta, tal não ocorre e na sua escrita irrompe o grotesco e a deformação da realidade objectiva que realistas e naturalistas tentaram captar
Bargaining behavior, demographics and nationality: a reconsideration of the experimental evidence
No full textBargaining behavior appears to vary across nations. What drives these apparent differences? We reconsider the evidence provided by previous experiments, and undertake some new experiments that expand the controls for demographics. We show that inferences about country effects are sensitive to the way in which the data are analyzed and the controls that are incorporated. Separating out differences in initial behavior versus trend shows significant differences in both. Adding interaction effects between countries, gender, and ethnic background shows that cultural differences are more complex than the factors captured by either nationality or gender alone. Some subgroups behave in ways which are clearly closer to the subgame perfect equilibrium prediction than others.
O espelho deformante: imagens do grotesco em Fatal dilema, de Abel Botelho
No full textTese de mestrado, Estudos Românicos, Universidade de Lisboa, Faculdade de Letras, 2009Neste estudo centra-se a atenção sobre a obra de Abel Botelho, escritor português do século XIX e dos primeiros anos do século XX. Considerado um dos maiores nomes do Naturalismo português, actualmente a sua obra foi relegada ao esquecimento. Com o objectivo de demonstrar a lacuna que representa tal esquecimento, em primeiro lugar, fez-se uma abordagem da sua obra, tendo como núcleo de reflexão o ciclo Patologia Social, série de cinco romances pelos quais o escritor se tornou mais conhecido. Considerou-se ainda relevante focar alguns aspectos da recepção da obra botelhiana, de modo a comprovar a sua relevância no seu tempo. Sendo um escritor naturalista, Abel Botelho seguiu a estética naturalista, uma poética traída nos seus preceitos pelos seus escritores, em cuja escrita irrompe o grotesco, a deformação da realidade objectiva que realistas e naturalistas tentaram captar. Abel Botelho não foi excepção e, portanto, demonstrou-se a relação entre o grotesco e a estética naturalista. Delimitou-se a análise do grotesco na obra de Abel Botelho ao quarto romance do ciclo Patologia Social, Fatal Dilema. Nessa análise salientaram-se as manifestações do grotesco, que, na escrita botelhiana, se evidencia com os seus contrastes, em imagens do sublime e da beleza. Na segunda parte da análise, verificou-se o poder do delírio e da emoção, ao deformar a representação naturalista da realidade, mediante distorções e símbolos, que criam uma visão grotesca do mundo representado e confirmam o grotesco como registo dominante na ficção botelhiana.In this study the attention is centered upon Abel Botelho's work, Portuguese writer of the 19th century and 20th century's early years. Considered one of the greatest names of the Portuguese Naturalism, his work was nowadays relegated to obliviousness. With the purpose of demonstrate the lacuna that such obliviousness represents, on the first place, it was made a broaching of his work, having as nucleus of reflection the cycle Patologia Social (Social Pathology), series of five novels by which the writer became most known. It was still considered relevant to focus some aspects of the reception of Botelhian work, in order to prove its relevance in its time. As a naturalist writer, Abel Botelho followed the naturalist aesthetics, a poetics betrayed in its precepts by its writers, in whose writing spouts out the grotesque, the deformation of the objective reality that realists and naturalists tried to catch. Abel Botelho was not an exception and, therefore, it was demonstrated the relation between the grotesque and the naturalist aesthetics. The analysis of the grotesque in Abel Botelho's work was delimited to the fourth novel of the cycle Patologia Social (Social Pathology), Fatal Dilema (Fatal Dilemma). In that analysis were pointed out the manifestations of the grotesque, which, in the Botelhian writing, stands out with its contrasts, in images of the sublime and beauty. In the second part of the analysis, it was verified the power of delirium and emotion, when deforming the naturalist representation of reality, through distortions and symbols, which create a grotesque vision of the represented world and confirm the grotesque as a dominant register in the Botelhian fiction
O espelho deformante: imagens do grotesco em Fatal dilema, de Abel Botelho
No full textTese de mestrado, Estudos Românicos, Universidade de Lisboa, Faculdade de Letras, 2009Neste estudo centra-se a atenção sobre a obra de Abel Botelho, escritor português do século XIX e dos primeiros anos do século XX. Considerado um dos maiores nomes do Naturalismo português, actualmente a sua obra foi relegada ao esquecimento. Com o objectivo de demonstrar a lacuna que representa tal esquecimento, em primeiro lugar, fez-se uma abordagem da sua obra, tendo como núcleo de reflexão o ciclo Patologia Social, série de cinco romances pelos quais o escritor se tornou mais conhecido. Considerou-se ainda relevante focar alguns aspectos da recepção da obra botelhiana, de modo a comprovar a sua relevância no seu tempo. Sendo um escritor naturalista, Abel Botelho seguiu a estética naturalista, uma poética traída nos seus preceitos pelos seus escritores, em cuja escrita irrompe o grotesco, a deformação da realidade objectiva que realistas e naturalistas tentaram captar. Abel Botelho não foi excepção e, portanto, demonstrou-se a relação entre o grotesco e a estética naturalista. Delimitou-se a análise do grotesco na obra de Abel Botelho ao quarto romance do ciclo Patologia Social, Fatal Dilema. Nessa análise salientaram-se as manifestações do grotesco, que, na escrita botelhiana, se evidencia com os seus contrastes, em imagens do sublime e da beleza. Na segunda parte da análise, verificou-se o poder do delírio e da emoção, ao deformar a representação naturalista da realidade, mediante distorções e símbolos, que criam uma visão grotesca do mundo representado e confirmam o grotesco como registo dominante na ficção botelhiana.In this study the attention is centered upon Abel Botelho's work, Portuguese writer of the 19th century and 20th century's early years. Considered one of the greatest names of the Portuguese Naturalism, his work was nowadays relegated to obliviousness. With the purpose of demonstrate the lacuna that such obliviousness represents, on the first place, it was made a broaching of his work, having as nucleus of reflection the cycle Patologia Social (Social Pathology), series of five novels by which the writer became most known. It was still considered relevant to focus some aspects of the reception of Botelhian work, in order to prove its relevance in its time. As a naturalist writer, Abel Botelho followed the naturalist aesthetics, a poetics betrayed in its precepts by its writers, in whose writing spouts out the grotesque, the deformation of the objective reality that realists and naturalists tried to catch. Abel Botelho was not an exception and, therefore, it was demonstrated the relation between the grotesque and the naturalist aesthetics. The analysis of the grotesque in Abel Botelho's work was delimited to the fourth novel of the cycle Patologia Social (Social Pathology), Fatal Dilema (Fatal Dilemma). In that analysis were pointed out the manifestations of the grotesque, which, in the Botelhian writing, stands out with its contrasts, in images of the sublime and beauty. In the second part of the analysis, it was verified the power of delirium and emotion, when deforming the naturalist representation of reality, through distortions and symbols, which create a grotesque vision of the represented world and confirm the grotesque as a dominant register in the Botelhian fiction
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