177,115 research outputs found
The build, operate, and transfer ("BOT") approach to infrastructure projects in developing countries
No full textBuild, operate and transfer (BOT) projects are exceedingly complex from both a financial and a legal point of view. They require an extended period of time to develop and negotiate. If a country is not able to finance all of its needed infrastructure on the basis of budgetary resources or sovereign borrowings, the BOT approach is an option to be considered. A BOT project appears to provide some"additionality"in tapping sources of private sector financing which otherwise might not be available. The sponsors'commitment of substantial equity to a project assures that they will also remain committed to the project's successful operation over the concession period. Their investment provides a strong incentive to have the project perform above its minimum expectations. Likewise, having the design, implementation and operation of a BOT project largely in the hands of the private sector may provide economies and efficiencies that will balance out or even outweight the higher financing costs of non sovereign borrowing and equity investment. The BOT approach appears to be a useful possible alternative to the conventional financing and operation of infrastructure projects in developing countries.Municipal Financial Management,Public Sector Economics&Finance,Housing Finance,Environmental Economics&Policies,Banks&Banking Reform
Lomagramma J. Sm., J. Bot. (Hooker
No full text42.28. Lomagramma J.Sm., J. Bot. (Hooker) 3: 402 (1841). T.: Lomagramma pteroides J.Sm.Published as part of Christenhusz, Maarten J. M., Zhang, Xian-Chun & Schneider, Harald, 2011, A linear sequence of extant families and genera of lycophytes and ferns, pp. 7-54 in Phytotaxa 19 on page 50, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.19.1.2, http://zenodo.org/record/489399
Salpichlaena J. Sm., J. Bot. (Hooker
No full text39.1. Salpichlaena J.Sm., J. Bot. (Hooker) 4: 168 (1841), as 'Salpichloena'. T.: Salpichlaena volubilis (Kaulf.) J.Sm. (Blechnum volubile Kaulf.)Published as part of Christenhusz, Maarten J. M., Zhang, Xian-Chun & Schneider, Harald, 2011, A linear sequence of extant families and genera of lycophytes and ferns, pp. 7-54 in Phytotaxa 19 on page 48, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.19.1.2, http://zenodo.org/record/489399
Doryopteris J. Sm., J. Bot. (Hooker
No full text31.32. Doryopteris J.Sm., J. Bot. (Hooker) 3: 404 (1841), nom. cons. T.: Doryopteris palmata (Willd.) J.Sm. (Pteris palmata Willd.)Published as part of Christenhusz, Maarten J. M., Zhang, Xian-Chun & Schneider, Harald, 2011, A linear sequence of extant families and genera of lycophytes and ferns, pp. 7-54 in Phytotaxa 19 on page 46, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.19.1.2, http://zenodo.org/record/489399
Dennstaedtia Bernh., J. Bot. (Schrader
No full text30.9. Dennstaedtia Bernh., J. Bot. (Schrader) 1800(2): 124. t. 1(3) (1801). T.: Dennstaedtia flaccida (G.Forst.) Bernh. (Trichomanes flaccidum G.Forst.)Published as part of Christenhusz, Maarten J. M., Zhang, Xian-Chun & Schneider, Harald, 2011, A linear sequence of extant families and genera of lycophytes and ferns, pp. 7-54 in Phytotaxa 19 on page 45, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.19.1.2, http://zenodo.org/record/489399
Lygodium Sw., J. Bot. (Schrader
No full text13.1. Lygodium Sw., J. Bot. (Schrader) 1800(2): 7 (1801), nom. cons. T.: Lygodium scandens (L.) Sw. (Ophioglossum scandens L.)Published as part of Christenhusz, Maarten J. M., Zhang, Xian-Chun & Schneider, Harald, 2011, A linear sequence of extant families and genera of lycophytes and ferns, pp. 7-54 in Phytotaxa 19 on page 43, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.19.1.2, http://zenodo.org/record/489399
Psilotum Sw., J. Bot. (Schrader
No full text6.1. Psilotum Sw., J. Bot. (Schrader) 1800(2): 8 (1801). T.: Psilotum triquetrum Sw., nom. illeg. = P. nudum (L.) P.Beauv.Published as part of Christenhusz, Maarten J. M., Zhang, Xian-Chun & Schneider, Harald, 2011, A linear sequence of extant families and genera of lycophytes and ferns, pp. 7-54 in Phytotaxa 19 on page 41, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.19.1.2, http://zenodo.org/record/489399
Huperzia Bernh., J. Bot. (Schrader
No full text1.1. Huperzia Bernh., J. Bot. (Schrader) 1800(2): 126 (1801). T.: Huperzia selago (L.) Bernh. ex Schrank & Mart. (Lycopodium selago L.)Published as part of Christenhusz, Maarten J. M., Zhang, Xian-Chun & Schneider, Harald, 2011, A linear sequence of extant families and genera of lycophytes and ferns, pp. 7-54 in Phytotaxa 19 on page 41, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.19.1.2, http://zenodo.org/record/489399
Botrychium Sw., J. Bot. (Schrader
No full text5.2. Botrychium Sw., J. Bot. (Schrader) 1800(2): 8 (1801). T.: Botrychium lunaria (L.) Sw. (Osmunda lunaria L.)Published as part of Christenhusz, Maarten J. M., Zhang, Xian-Chun & Schneider, Harald, 2011, A linear sequence of extant families and genera of lycophytes and ferns, pp. 7-54 in Phytotaxa 19 on page 41, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.19.1.2, http://zenodo.org/record/489399
Grammitis Sw., J. Bot. (Schrader
No full text48.48. Grammitis Sw., J. Bot. (Schrader) 1800(2): 3 (1801). T.: Grammitis marginella (Sw.) Sw. (Polypodium marginellum Sw.)Published as part of Christenhusz, Maarten J. M., Zhang, Xian-Chun & Schneider, Harald, 2011, A linear sequence of extant families and genera of lycophytes and ferns, pp. 7-54 in Phytotaxa 19 on page 54, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.19.1.2, http://zenodo.org/record/489399
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