112,885 research outputs found
Resultaten van het Rijkswaterstaat JAMP 2008 monitoringsprogramma van bot (Platichthys flesus L.). Biologische gegevens van bot en milieukritische stoffen in bot
No full textDe in dit rapport beschreven werkzaamheden zijn door Wageningen IMARES uitgevoerd op basis van een opdracht van Rijkswaterstaat in het kader van het Joint Assessment and Monitoring Program van de OSPARCOM. De opdracht hield in het verkrijgen van biologische gegevens van bot. De benodigde monsters bot werden verzameld door IMARES. Tevens werd materiaal van bot verzameld voor chemisch onderzoek en geanalyseerd. De opdracht is gebaseerd op het werkdocument “Werkplan monitoring visziekten en chemische stoffen in botten, 2008”, van 7 mei 2008
The build, operate, and transfer ("BOT") approach to infrastructure projects in developing countries
No full textBuild, operate and transfer (BOT) projects are exceedingly complex from both a financial and a legal point of view. They require an extended period of time to develop and negotiate. If a country is not able to finance all of its needed infrastructure on the basis of budgetary resources or sovereign borrowings, the BOT approach is an option to be considered. A BOT project appears to provide some"additionality"in tapping sources of private sector financing which otherwise might not be available. The sponsors'commitment of substantial equity to a project assures that they will also remain committed to the project's successful operation over the concession period. Their investment provides a strong incentive to have the project perform above its minimum expectations. Likewise, having the design, implementation and operation of a BOT project largely in the hands of the private sector may provide economies and efficiencies that will balance out or even outweight the higher financing costs of non sovereign borrowing and equity investment. The BOT approach appears to be a useful possible alternative to the conventional financing and operation of infrastructure projects in developing countries.Municipal Financial Management,Public Sector Economics&Finance,Housing Finance,Environmental Economics&Policies,Banks&Banking Reform
"On Modelling Negotiations within a Dynamic Multi-objective Programming Framework: Analysis of Risk Measurement with an Application to Large BOT Projects"
No full textThe dynamic and multi-objective programming is used here to establish a risk measurement model. We develop an iterative algorithm and the convergence conditions for the model solution. The results obtained from the model developed here show that the sum of the interactive utility value (IUV) could determine whether or not the interactive relationship is characterized by independence among negotiators. In addition, the numerical example shows that this risk measurement model of the negotiation group can reflect risk assessment by the negotiation group for certain events and can analyze interaction characteristics among negotiators. We show the feasibility and applicability of the model and the exact solution algorithm, and their policy relevance for analyzing BOT projects.
Черный лебедь
No full textTranslated by Alexander Dmitrievich GrishinLimited edition of 15 copiesParallel text in Russian and English'Dedicated to my son Dmitry Alexandrovich Grishan'Artists' book and family history exploring the Canberra landscape as a metaphor for life on earth and the landscape within each person through linocuts and the text of a Russian poem by symbolist poet K. D. Bal'mont. A protest against economic rationalism which sacrifices the environment for the sake of short term economic prosperityThe work includes the "text of a Russian poem (with English translation) by the Russian symbolist poet K.D. Bal'mont who visited Australia in 1912 ... wrote this poem as a warning to white man to think and take note of what Australia is, before destroying it" - artist's statementLinocuts by G.W. Bot. Typsetting and bookbinding by Caren Florance, Book Studio, Printmedia & Drawing Workshop, ANU School of Art using tapa and black cloth. Printed on Magnani paper made of cotton and flecks of woolThis copy is no. 1
Monitoring dan Analisis Kualitas Kinerja Jaringan Protokol Message Queue Telemetry Transport pada G-Bot (Garbage Robot)
No full textThis research is related to the G-Bot (Garbage Robot) which can be monitored and controlled remotely. Users can monitor the state of the existing waste capacity on the G-Bot and can also monitor the conditions around the G-Bot, such as air quality, temperature, and humidity. In addition, the user can also control the G-Bot. The process of monitoring and controlling the G-Bot involves several sensors such as MQ-7, Ultrasonic sensor (HC-SR04), and DHT 22, where the data generated by these sensors will continuously be sent to monitoring and control applications involving the MQTT protocol. This study has purpose to monitor and analyze the internet network at various levels of Quality of Service (QoS). The investigated data are delay, throughput, and packet loss. From the results of the study, it can be concluded that the delay value is in the good category, while throughput and packet loss are in the poor categoryABSTRAKPenelitian ini berhubungan dengan robot sampah G-Bot (Garbage Robot) yang dapat dipantau dan dikendalikan dari jarak yang jauh.  User dapat memonitor keadaan kapasitas sampah yang ada pada G-Bot dan juga dapat memantau keadaan di sekitar G-Bot, seperti kualitas udara, temperature, dan kelembaban. Di samping itu, user juga dapat mengendalikan G-Bot tersebut. Proses pemantauan dan pengendalian G-Bot ini melibatkan beberapa sensor seperti MQ-7, ultrasonic sensor (HC-SR04), dan DHT 22, dimana data yang dihasilkan oleh sensor ini akan terus menerus dikirimkan ke aplikasi monitoring dan kendali yang melibatkan protocol MQTT. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk memonitoring dan menganalisis jaringan internet di berbagai tingkatan Quality of Service (QoS). Data QoS yang diambil pada penelitian ini berupa nilai delay, throughput, dan packet loss.  Dari hasil pengukuran pada penelitian ini, didapat nilai delay dengan kategori good, sedangkan throughput dan packetloss berada di kategori poo
PSYNDEX Tests Review für BOT - HEIDELBERGER BURNOUT-TEST
No full textThis is a PSYNDEX Tests Review of BOT - HEIDELBERGER BURNOUT-TEST. PSYNDEX Tests Reviews are written in German and describe and evaluate psychological and educational tests used in the German-speaking countries. PSYNDEX Tests is offered by the Leibniz Institute for Psychology as open access documentation.Das ist ein PSYNDEX Tests Review zu BOT - HEIDELBERGER BURNOUT-TEST. PSYNDEX Tests Reviews beschreiben und bewerten zentrale psychologische und pädagogische Testverfahren, die in den deutschsprachigen Ländern eingesetzt werden, nach einem standardisierten Raster. PSYNDEX Tests wird durch das Leibniz-Institut für Psychologie als Open Access Dokumentation angeboten.publishedVersio
SISTEM HUMAN FOLLOWER PADA ROBOT SAMPAH PINTAR G-BOT MENGUNAKAN HUSKYLENS AI-VISION SENSOR BERBASIS ARDUINO MEGA
No full textPesatnya perkembangan teknologi menyebabkan banyak orang terbiasa
menggunakan teknologi “kecerdasan buatan” dalam kehidupan sehari-hari.
Perkembangan teknologi membuat alat-alat yang sebelumnya digerakkan secara
manual kini dapat bergerak secara otomatis. Pada penelitian ini dibuat robot kotak
sampah otomatis dengan nama “G Bot” yang merupakan kotak sampah yang dapat
mengikuti pemiliknya. Robot ini dibuat untuk mempermudah dan meringankan
pekerjaan penggunanya dalam melakukan kegiatan menjaga kebersihan ligkungan.
Sulitnya mencapai tempat sampah membuat pola pikir manusia kurang peduli
terhadap sampah yang ada di lingkungan sekitarnya. Latar belakang tersebut
menginspirasi penulis untuk mengembangkan robot kotak sampah otomatis “G
Bot” yang dapat mengikuti penggunanya dalam melakukan aktivitas untuk menjaga
kebersihan lingkungan. “G Bot” ini bekerja dengan mengandalkan kamera dengan
fitur kecerdasan buatan: Object Recognition dan Object Tracking sebagai alat
pendeteksi dan mikrokontroler Arduino Mega sebagai otak dari robot 'G bot' dan
terhubung dengan Motor Driver untuk mengontrol pergerakan. dari robot 'G-B
Staavia glutinosa Dahl, Observ. Bot.
No full textStaavia glutinosa (P.J. Bergius) Dahl, Observ. Bot.: 17. 1787; Pillans in J. S. African Bot. 13: 176. 1947 ≡ Brunia glutinosa P.J. Bergius, Descr. Pl. Cap.: 57. 1767 – Lectotype (designated here by Oliver): Grubb s.n. (SBT-2.2.10.22).Published as part of Claßen-Bockhoff, Regine, Oliver, Edward G. H., Hall, Anthony V. & Quint, Marcus, 2019, A new classification of the South African endemic family Bruniaceae based on molecular and morphological data, pp. 1138-1155 in TAXON 60 (4) on page 1147, DOI: 10.1002/tax.604016, http://zenodo.org/record/759043
Polyunsaturated fatty acids in various macroalgal species from north Atlantic and tropical seas
No full textBackground - In this study the efficacy of using marine macroalgae as a source for polyunsaturated fatty acids, which are associated with the prevention of inflammation, cardiovascular diseases and mental disorders, was investigated. Methods - The fatty acid (FA) composition in lipids from seven sea weed species from the North Sea (Ulva lactuca, Chondrus crispus, Laminaria hyperborea, Fucus serratus, Undaria pinnatifida, Palmaria palmata, Ascophyllum nodosum) and two from tropical seas (Caulerpa taxifolia, Sargassum natans) was determined using GCMS. Four independent replicates were taken from each seaweed species. Results - Omega-3 (n-3) and omega-6 (n-6) polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs), were in the concentration range of 2-14 mg/g dry matter (DM), while total lipid content ranged from 7-45 mg/g DM. The n-9 FAs of the selected seaweeds accounted for 3%-56% of total FAs, n-6 FAs for 3%-32% and n-3 FAs for 8%-63%. Red and brown seaweeds contain arachidonic (C20:4, n-6) and/or eicosapentaenoic acids (EPA, C20:5, n-3), the latter being an important "fish" FA, as major PUFAs while in green seaweeds these values are low and mainly C16 FAs were found. A unique observation is the presence of another typical "fish" fatty acid, docosahexaenoic acid (DHA, C22:6, n-3) at ˜ 1 mg/g DM in S. natans. The n-6: n-3 ratio is in the range of 0.05-2.75 and in most cases below 1.0. Environmental effects on lipid-bound FA composition in seaweed species are discussed. Conclusion - Marine macroalgae form a good, durable and virtually inexhaustible source for polyunsaturated fatty acids with an (n-6) FA: (n-3) FA ratio of about 1.0. This ratio is recommended by the World Health Organization to be less than 10 in order to prevent inflammatory, cardiovascular and nervous system disorders. Some marine macroalgal species, like P. palmata, contain high proportions of the "fish fatty acid" eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA, C20:5, n-3), while in S. natans also docosahexaenoic acid (DHA, C22:6, n-3) was detected
Greenhouse climate : from physical processes to a dynamic model
No full textIn this thesis greenhouse climate has been studied as the set of environmental conditions in a greenhouse in so far as they affect crop growth and development. In chapter 2 this set has been defined in terms of temperatures and vapour pressures. Moreover we have indicated which physical processes co-operate in the greenhouse. So the dependency of the greenhouse climate on the outside weather, the physical properties of the greenhouse construction and the way ventilation and heating is performed has been described in causal relations. This description can be employed in short term as well as in long term crop growth models and it can be a powerful tool in the search for energy saving strategies. As the physical processes are at the basis of this approach, in this thesis the emphasis has been laid on a proper description of the major processes and their validation by in situ measurements.In chapter 3 natural ventilation through window openings is considered. The airflow due to wind effects through the roof openings of a large multispan greenhouse is assumed to be driven by fluctuating pressure differences over the individual openings. Static pressure differences between the openings are not expected because of the corresponding flow conditions near each span. The driving force due to wind effects together with the flow resistance of the opening determines the ventilation flux through the window opening. Parameters in this relation are the area of the opening without window, a function G(ξ) (being a function of the opening angle ξ) and the outside wind speed. In the ,function G(ξ) (called the window function) various window parameters are combined with a pressure fluctuation coefficient. From full scale ventilation experiments with a tracer gastechnique, the window function was determined for lee-side ventilation. Only one type of ventilation window was investigated experimentally under full-scale conditions. In small scale greenhouse models the window parameters of various types of ventilation windows were measured. The pressure fluctuation coefficient was calculated from the window parameters and the window function of the experimental full-scale greenhouse. This coefficient was combined with the measured window parameters of other types of ventilation windows in order to predict the window function of these windows. So we could also calculate the ventilation due to wind effects through these windows of other types.Also in chapter 3 the ventilation due to temperature effects has been investigated. In this case the driving force is derived from the density difference over the window opening. Introduction of the resistance to flow resulted in relations for the ventilation flux due to temperature effects. These relations were derived for flow through openings at the same height and for openings with some vertical distance. Theoretically ventilation due to temperature effects has been presumed to be important at low wind speeds only. From the experiments some support was obtained for this presumption. It was also theoretically argued that the sealing of ventilation openings in the side walls substantially reduces the ventilation due to temperature effects.The fluctuative nature of the ventilation due to wind effects has been discussed in chapter 4. This fluctuative nature was concluded from the measured fluctuations of the air velocity and the air temperature in the opening. The frequency distribution of the fluctuations proved to be dependent on the window aperture; the window opening acts as a tuneable high pass filter. The measurements resulted in the calculation of the effective flux due to the fluctuating flow (represented by the RMS of the local air velocity) that may be compared with the results obtained by the tracer gas experiments. For leeside ventilation the agreement between these fluxes is reasonable. So we concluded that the RMS at windward-side ventilation indicates the ventilation flux for this type of ventilation. The superposition of a static pressure difference over the window openings may give rise to an increase of the leeside ventilation. For windward-side ventilation hardly any effect of this superposition was observed.The interaction of a multispan greenhouse cover with shortwave direct and diffuse radiation has been described in chapter 5. For direct shortwave radiation this interaction is calculated from the solar position, the optical laws for reflection and transmission, the detailed dimensions of the roof construction and the orientation of the greenhouse. The calculations were made for non-polarized light; polarization can be taken into account, however, without much difficulty. Special attention was paid to the contribution of reflected direct light and to coinciding shadows of the constructive roof parts. Calculated transmissions are presented for various data from both a north-south and an east-west oriented multispan Venlo greenhouse at 52 o north latitude.Because diffuse shortwave radiation is composed of radiation from the hemisphere, the calculation procedure for direct radiation was applied to calculate the interaction with the radiation from any defined direction of the hemisphere. Integration over the hemisphere then yields the interaction with the diffuse radiation. The effect of the intensity distribution for various types of diffuse radiation is investigated in this way. The experimentally measured transmissivity for diffuse radiation indicates that the calculations are accurate.At the end of chapter 5 the interaction with the longwave sky radiation has. been discussed. Since the momentaneous interaction had to be determined, no empirical formula for the time average sky temperature or the time average sky radiation could be applied. Therefore the momentaneous sky temperature was determined by means of measurements of the net radiation above a surface with a well-defined temperature.The major convective exchange processes affecting greenhouse climate are treated in chapter 6. An experimental set-up is described to measure the convective heat transfer on the inside and the outside of the cover directly in situ. Special attention was given to minimizing the effect of the radiant exchange. Due to condensation to the inside of the cover the convective exchange at this side could not be determined accurately. On the outside reliable measurements were obtained. The measured heat transfer coefficient is lower than we expected from literature data on forced convection over a flat plate. This defect can easily be understood if we remind ourselves that the roof is saw-tooth shaped, which gives rise to secondary flows. The heat transfer between the saw tooth roof surface and the outside air is in the transition region between free and forced conevection up to a wind speed of about 3-4 ms -1 . The measurements at the highest wind speeds occurring during our experiments (i.e. up to 4 ms -1 ) actually indicate pure forced convection. The measurements at low wind speeds provided some evidence of pure free convective exchange at the outside. The exchange phenomena on the inside are expected to be similar to these latter results.From local wind speed measurements above the greenhouse, isotachen pictures were constructed for some combinations of the wind speed and the wind direction, These pictures show some characteristic flow phenomena, especially the appearance of a large eddy in the roof dale. It is precisely this secondary flow phenomenon which is responsible for the reduction of the outside beat transfer coefficient mentioned earlier.The convective heat transfer from the heating pipes is experimentally determined in the greenhouse from cool-down curves of the pipes. Corrections were made for the radiative heat losses to the environment. The heat-transfer was found to be due to free convection. The dependency of the Nusselt number on the Grashof number, however, is different from that found in literature on free convection from a horizontal cylinder. This is explained from the different experimental conditions.The transpiration was measured on a short time scale, using a sensitive weighing lysimeter. We determined the total conductivity for water transport from the vegetation to the air from the steady state transpiration during the night and the vapour pressure difference between the leaves and the air. From the response of the leaf temperature during periods with intermittent irradiation from infra red lamps, we determined the combined conductivity for transport of sensible and latent heat from the leaves to the air. The heat transfer coefficient was calculated from this combined conductivity and the conductivity for water transport. This coefficient agrees with that from the literature under the same conditions. The calculated stomatal conductivity is much higher than what was reported in the literature for transpiration in the open. By day the total conductivity for water transport from the vegetation to the air was found to be approximately in proportion with the irradiation. Some evidence was found for a "midday depression" of the conductivity.In chapter 7 the major physical processes have been combined into a physical model to simulate the momentaneous greenhouse climate as a function of the outside weather, the physical properties of the greenhouse construction and materials and the way heating and ventilation is performed. A thermal screen has been incorporated in the model. Parameter estimation techniques have been used to validate the minor physical processes. Bond graph notation is applied to obtain a transparent scheme. In the model the temperatures of the greenhouse cover, the thermal screen, the greenhouse air above and below the thermal screen, the vegetation and several horizontal soil layers have been assumed to be homogeneous. The same assumption was made for the vapour pressure of the greenhouse air compartments. The vapour pressures on the soil surface, inside the leaves, on the thermal screen and on the inside of the cover equal the local saturated vapour pressures. They were calculated from the respective temperatures. For a greenhouse with low heating pipes and a vegetation with an open structure, the vertical gradients are small, so in that case the model assumptions are valid. The agreement between the measured and simulated state variables is reasonable. Differences are due to the improper incorporation of the outside heat transfer coefficient and to the fact that the contribution of the direct and the diffuse radiation to the global radiation had to be estimated after the event. This reasonable agreement has been demonstrated for two different test periods.A final discussion and suggestions for aims of future research have been presented in chapter 8.<p/
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