196,211 research outputs found
HIV policy in Italy and recommendations across the HIV care continuum
No full textThe HIV epidemic has not yet ended, and there are ever more challenges: the recent Italian National Plan of Interventions against HIV and AIDS (Piano Nazionale di Interventi Contro HIV e AIDS (PNAIDS) 2017-2019) was hailed for its comprehensiveness. Its likelihood of success across the HIV care continuum was therefore assessed. Awareness interventions are sporadic and continue to miss high risk populations; if effectively implemented, the prescriptive detail in PNAIDS may help address this. Combined prevention needs greater focus and investment. However, there has been recent progress: free anonymous testing is available at multiple settings although improvements to provide access to key vulnerable populations are needed. Clinical management is available to a high standard across the country, with some areas for improvement in ensuring equality of access. Long-term management of people living with HIV is often effective, but discrepancies exist across regions and settings of care. It is recommended to enable implementation of PNAIDS as a matter of urgency, develop integrated awareness and testing interventions for STIs and HIV, make condoms free for high-risk populations, and develop a network of multidisciplinary services for long-term holistic care of people living with HIV
HIV-1 Tat protein enhances RANKL/M-CSF-mediated osteoclast differentiation
No full textImpaired osteoblast/osteoclast cross-talk and bone structure homeostasis resulting in osteopenia/osteoporosis are often observed in HIV seropositive patients but the causal mechanisms remain unsettled. This study analyzed the biological effects of Tat on peripheral blood monocyte-derived osteoclast differentiation and our results show that Tat may be considered a viral factor positively modulating the osteoclastogenesis and then bone resorption activity suggesting a pathogenetic role of this viral protein in the HIV-related osteopenia/osteoporosis
Antiretroviral molecules and cardiovascular diseases.
No full textAntiretroviral therapy has effectively tackled HIV replication and prevented the development of AIDS-related complications in the majority of HIV-positive patients. This pharmacological approach has dramatically increased the life expectancy of HIV-positive subjects transforming HIV infection into a chronic disease. Notwithstanding this major improvement in HIV disease management, several HIV-positive patients show an earlier and significant onset of aging related chronic conditions such as cardiovascular disease, osteoporosis, diabetes and neoplasias with respect to uninfected individuals. In particular, cardiovascular diseases are associated with both HIV infection and antiretroviral treatment, and represent major clinical complications in HIV-positive patients. Here, we discuss the interaction between antiretroviral therapy and cardiovascular system in HIV-positive patients focusing on the antiretroviral-related mechanisms involved in cardiovascular alterations
HIV-1 infection of a nurse from a newborn with an unknown HIV infection: A case report
No full textBackground: HIV infection of healthcare workers by injury is an
important issue in the management and prophylaxis of HIV-related
disease.
Objectives: To describe a case where a nurse has been HIV-1 infected by
needle-stick whilst taking blood from a newborn with an unknown HIV
infection.
Study design: Virological, immunological and clinical analysis of a
peculiar case of HIV transmission from newborn to nurse has been
reported.
Results: The nurse has been infected by needle-stick injury whilst
taking blood from a newborn with an unknown HIV infection. The delayed
declaration of accident by nurse and the inaccurate medical management
of pregnant woman determined the subsequent absence of correct
prophylaxis measures and then the impossibility to tackle the HIV
transmission.
Conclusion: This case indicates that HIV serological screening of
pregnant women and prompt accident notification by health-care workers
represent basic preventive measures that should effectively tackle the
spread of HIV infection. (C) 2009 Elsevier B. V. All rights reserved
Short Communication: No Significant Increase in Body Fat Mass in Naive HIV-Infected Patients Starting Raltegravir Plus Tenofovir Disoproxil Fumarate/Emtricitabine.
No full textA significant weight gain has been reported in HIV-infected patients starting combination antiretroviral therapy (cART) including integrase strand transfer inhibitors, but clinical data about changes in body fat mass are still lacking. An observational retrospective analysis was made to evaluate changes in body fat mass and weight in 39 cART-naive patients initiating a first antiretroviral treatment, including tenofovir disoproxil fumarate/emtricitabine plus raltegravir (RAL) or darunavir/ritonavir (DRV/r), and who had a follow-up of at least 12 months and a whole-body dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry performed at baseline and after 12 months. After 12 months, changes in weight and total fat mass were comparable and statistically not significant in both groups. The median increase [interquartile range (IQR)] in weight was +2.02 kg (+1.19, +2.95; p = .378) in RAL group, and +1.71 kg (+0.89, +2.54; p = .449) in DRV/r group. The median increase in body fat mass (IQR) was +1.27 kg (+1.09, +1.43; p = .278) in RAL group, and +1.04 kg (+0.89, +1.22; p = .781) in DRV/r group. In conclusion, in our study, an initial regimen including RAL plus tenofovir/emtricitabine after 12 months led to a small and nonsignificant increase in weight and body fat mass, and changes were comparable with a DRV/r-based initial regimen
Dr. Duane M. Jackson, Morehouse College, July 2011
No full textThis video is a conversation with Dr. Duane M. Jackson. Dr. Jackson talks about his paper, "Recall and the Serial Position Effect: The Role of Primacy and Recency on Accounting Students' Performance." Jackie Daniel, AUC Woodruff Library, is the interviewer
Prevalence of transmitted drug resistance mutations among newly diagnosed HIV-1-infected patients in a large teaching hospital of the Northern Italy
No full textNon disponibile
Loss of bone mass in chronically HIV-infected patients. Significant association with male gender and protease inhibitor administration
No full textImprovement in liver steatosis after the switch from a ritonavir-boosted protease inhibitor to raltegravir in HIV-infected patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease.
No full textBackground: The ritonavir-boosted protease inhibitor (PI/r) use has been associated with several metabolic abnormalities, and the non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is becoming a very frequent comorbidity among HIV-infected patients. Methods: We performed an observational, prospective study of HIV-infected patients with NAFLD, receiving one PI/r plus two nucleoside analogues, who switched from the PI/r to raltegravir or were treated only with lifestyle modification, maintaining antiretroviral therapy unchanged. Changes in liver steatosis after 12 months were evaluated by transient elastography and measurement of controlled attenuation parameter (CAP). Results: As a whole, 61 patients (46 males; median age, 55.4 years) were enrolled, and 32 of them have been switched from PI/r to raltegravir. At baseline, median CAP was 259 dB/m, 28 (45.9%) subjects had a moderate-to-severe hepatic steatosis (CAP ≥260 dB/m), and 19 patients (31.1%) had elevated aminotransferases. Type-2 diabetes mellitus was present in 5 persons, and chronic HCV coinfection in 4. At month 12, the median decrease in CAP values was -27 dB/m in patients switched to raltegravir and -11 dB/m in those with unchanged cART (p = .021). The number of patients with CAP ≥260 dB/m decreased from 16 to 6 (-62.5%) in patients switched to raltegravir and from 12 to 8 (-33.3%) in the other group (p = .037). Conclusion: After 12 months, HIV-infected patients with NAFLD switching from a PI/r to raltegravir showed a significantly greater decrease in the hepatic steatosis degreee in comparison with those with unchanged cART and treated only with lifestyle modification
Paradoxical immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome associated with previous Cryptococcus neoformans infection in an HIV-positive patient requiring neurosurgical intervention.
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