3,559 research outputs found
Rules, discretion and local responsibility : development control case studies in the urban community of Lyon.
No full textThe research presented in this thesis rests on the premise that the administrative and legal systems of France have a critical bearing on the way that decisions on applications for permissions to build are taken, and the nature of the
decisions themselves. In the knowledge that the French system of law offered a legalistic, regulatory franiework for planning policy and policy implementation, four
specific questions are posed: firstly about the relationship of plans to development control decisions; secondly about the effects of the system on applicants; thirdly about the possibilities for third parties to be involved in, and seek redress from, development control decisions and fourthly about the effects of the decentralisation of development control powers that has taken place since 1983. These questions are then located within a broader discussion of discretion, accountability and the management of uncertainty. The theoretical discussion of the first chapter paves the way for a more detailed presentation of the nature and origins of French local administration and French planning law and procedure which in turn lead to a case study of the 55 communes of the Urban Community of Lyon and eight studies of development control applications which are explored through an examination of the case file documents and interviews with participants. Two sets of conclusions are drawn from the study. The first set concerns the
effects of a legalised system on the making and implementation of planning policy. The first conclusion is that the legalistic approach of the French planning system
appears to create serious difficulties for finding an appropriate expression for policy. In part the problem is shown to be as much a question of ethos as of what is really
possible under the law, amid some examples of practice in Lyon show how flexibility is still possible even within a legalised system. The second conclusion is that once the
rules are departed from, the system offers no alternative means of testing policy in its specific application, although the use of non-statutory consultation meetings in Lyon has gone some way to meeting the problem. The third is that the pattern of zoning and regulations does not appear to help the maintenance of a planning strategy. The fourth is that a legalised system does not promote certainty for either administrators or applicants. The fifth is that a legalised system does not permit third parties to participate in the decision-making and ensures that objections are seen mainly as being about property values.
The second set of conclusions has to do with the question of the power to decide and the accountability of decision-makers. The first is that the legalised system, while offering potential for agency discretion, nevertheless appears to favour officer discretion which on the evidence of the case studies is rife. While offering mayors the possibility of tactical power, it appears to reduce the accountability for decisions taken. Moreover, the control of the legality of decisions is dependent equally upon the discretion of the prefect. The second is that the pattern of crossregulation within the French system of local government has ensured the continuity of dependencies between the principal actors in the planning system. The final
conclusion is that decentralisation has had relatively little effect on the balance of power. In the Lyon conurbation, COURLY would appear to be the principal
beneficiary of the new powers, which would suggest that more power will be concentrated in future at the local level, but that the power will not be any more susceptible to control by the electorate
Simple drag prediction strategies for an Autonomous Underwater Vehicle’s hull shape
No full textThe range of an AUV is dictated by its finite energy source and minimising the energy consumption is required to maximise its endurance. One option to extend the endurance is by obtaining the optimum hydrodynamic hull shape with balancing the trade-off between computational cost and fluid dynamic fidelity. An AUV hull form has been optimised to obtain low resistance hull. Hydrodynamic optimisation of hull form has been carried out by employing five parametric geometry models with a streamlined constraint. Three Genetic Algorithm optimisation procedures are applied by three simple drag predictions which are based on the potential flow method. The results highlight the effectiveness of considering the proposed hull shape optimisation procedure for the early stage of AUV hull desig
THE CORRELATION OF THE MEDIEVAL EUROPEAN STATE AND LAW IN THE DOCTRINE OF P.A. KROPOTKIN
No full textThe actual task of Russian state studies and jurisprudence remains the opposition to the ideological and theoretical constructions of Russian classical anarchism. Purpose: to establish the most significant features and disadvantages of P.A. Kropotkin’s interpretation of the correlation of state and law on the example of Medieval Europe. When writing the article, the author applies interdisciplinary and class approaches. General scientific and specific scientific methods are used: historical, problem-theoretical, formal-logical, textual. Materials: monuments of law, other historical sources, foreign and national historiography. The analysis shows that P.A. Kropotkin’s works are characterised not only by a pronounced anti-exploitation pathos, but also by an equally pronounced tendentiousness. Results: aprioriism, anti-statism and antilegism, radical localism, Eurocentrism, diffusionism, cyclism and catastrophism, clothed in the form of postulates, predetermined P.A. Kropotkin’s one-sided interpretations of the interaction of the medieval European state with positive and customary law. In the first case, it took a purely causative form, and in the second, it was predominantly conflictual. These are the key flaws of P.A. Kropotkin’s correlation concept
High-resolution benthic foraminiferal stable isotope stratigraphy across the Oligocene-Miocene boundary at Site 1218.
No full textThe transition from the late Oligocene warm period into the early Miocene was marked by a series of rapid and brief episodes of cryospheric expansion and global cooling. We analyzed benthic foraminifers from nannofossil oozes recovered at Ocean Drilling Program Site 1218 to construct a stable isotope stratigraphy for the deep Pacific
Flow-induced gate vibrations: Prevention of sef-excitation computation of dynamic gate behaviour and the use of models
No full textThe objective of this study is to develop design criteria for the dynamic behaviour of gates and valves. To this end, a resume of existing theories is given as well as an extended analysis of the added water mass, hydrodynamic rigidity and damping (also negative damping or self-excitation) and excitation by turbulent flow. New computation methods are presented for self-exciting vibrations: The ensuing introduction of an instability indicator permits the prediction of such vibrations in the design phase. Methods are described to calculate the added water mass and water damping in flowing water. Also treated are the instability of overflowing and falling water nappes, the response of a mass-spring system to noise excitation by turbulence, and the technique of hydroelastic models. Prior publications by the author on these subjects are to be found in the Appendices.Hydraulic EngineeringCivil Engineering and Geoscience
Quality and qualities of design studies, design research and design
No full textGreen Open Access added to TU Delft Institutional Repository ‘You share, we take care!’ – Taverne project https://www.openaccess.nl/en/you-share-we-take-care Otherwise as indicated in the copyright section: the publisher is the copyright holder of this work and the author uses the Dutch legislation to make this work public.Methodologie en Organisatie van Desig
Views of P.A. Krushevan on the National Problem in Russia: Moldavian or Russian Nationalist
No full textThe article deals with the national identity of P.A. Krushevan. Being of Moldavian nationality, he was a Russian conservative writer and journalist. At the beginning of the 19th century he served as a Russian nationalist in the political arena. The author shows that he was a supporter of Moldavian national traditions and a personality of the Moldavian national movement. At the same time Krushevan was an «imperial nationalist» and a Russian statesman. In behalf of Bessarabia peasants, he exposed the economic activity of «plutocracy», but he was a stranger to domestic anti-Semitism
The Nigerian Co-operative Law: Taking the Baton from P.A. Oluyede
No full textSome of the challenges hindering the development of co-operatives and their governing laws in Nigeria are the inadequacy of literature, and the lack of standardized classification on the subject of co-operative law. With the aim to identify and espouse relevant literature on the subject matter, this paper seeks to collect, collate and review the relevant literature. A classic was identified in the work of P.A. Oluyede (1988) Nigeria Administrative Law, in chapter four, entitled “Public Corporations, and Public Enterprises.” Among other findings, the learned author dedicated the chapter to the historical development of Nigerian co-operative societies and their governing laws, situated cooperatives as public enterprises, and made recommendations. Furthermore, it was observed that there have been few contributions within the annals of the Nigerian academic and research community on co-operative law. Thus, Oluyede’s classics retains its position as a primary reference material for the modernization of the Nigerian cooperative law and sets the path for its standardization. However, supposedly consequential development has remained elusive, hence the imperatives to build on some of the positions espoused in Oluyede’s chapter in view of current realities. Although P.A Oluyede’s contribution retains its position as a top-notch reference material, some of the positions canvassed are no longer applicable to Nigerian co-operatives, hence the need to review Nigerian cooperative law as recommended. 
Sulphurised lipids in sediments: The key to reconstruct palaeobiochemicals and their origin
No full textApplied Science
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