11 research outputs found
Determination of PM2.5 and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons from incense burning emission at shrine for health risk assessment
No full textAbstractThis study aims to determine fine particles (PM2.5) and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) bounded with PM2.5 emitted from incense burning at shrine to assess human health risk. The PM2.5 samples were collected by a mini volume air sampler during special occasions and normal period at a shrine located in the city center of Chiang Mai, Thailand. The samples were analyzed for 16-PAHs by GC–MS. The descending order of 8- and 24-hrs PM2.5 concentrations (μg/m3) were 625 ± 147 and 406 ± 159 (Chinese New Year) > 184 ± 85 and 133 ± 71 (other special occasions) > 100 ± 35 and 50 ± 20 (normal period). Their concentrations in each occasion were significantly different due to number of visitors and amount of incense being burned. Total PAHs concentrations (ng/m3) for 8- and 24-hrs in descending order were 90 ± 41 and 45 ± 29 (Chinese New Year), 71 ± 30 and 30 ± 12 (other special occasions) and 25 ± 15 and 14 ± 9 (normal periods). Correlation between PM2.5 and total PAHs concentrations was relatively strong. In addition, PM2.5 concentrations were highly correlated (r = 0.618) with carcinogenic PAHs (c-PAHs) indicated that carcinogenic compounds were dominant in particulate PAHs and generated from incense burning. The values of toxicity equivalent concentration (TEQ) indicate human health risk from PAHs inhalation. According to European guideline, it should be less than1 ng/m3 in ambient air. During Chinese New Year, they were relatively high (32 ± 27 ng/m3 (8 h) and 10 ± 4 ng/m3 (24 h)). Moreover, the isometric ratio analysis revealed that emission from incense burning was the main source of PM2.5 and PM2.5-bound PAHs
Effect of extraction conditions on antioxidant activities of
No full textThis research aims to obtain the Xanthium strumarium sprouts extract with the most potent antioxidant activities. The single-factor experiments were used to extract. Factors of extraction, including temperatures (40, 50, 60, and 70°C), time (6, 8, 10, 20, and 30 minutes), and % ethanol in solvent (40, 50, 60, and 70 % EtOH), were applied in the ultrasonic assist extraction of 40°C oven-dried Xanthium strumarium sprouts 1 gram in 25 mL of solvent. Extraction yield (% yield) and % inhibition of active radical DPPH and ABTS were determined, and the correlation to varied factors was analyzed using a statistical program (SPSS). The results showed that, at low temperatures, it would give a low % yield but not affect antioxidant activities. The longer extraction time did not provide a different % yield than the shorter one. The extraction yield is a little better when 50% ethanol is used in water as a solvent and does not affect antioxidant activities. As they observe, we can conclude that the antioxidant activities of extracts do not depend on temperature, time, or % EtOH in solvents. The % inhibition of ABTS radicals is higher than that of DPPH radicals in all experiments, and it can be relied on that the active components in this extract are more polar and favorable to solute in water than EtOH
Trace Elements in Indoor Dust Exposure from Child Development Centers and Health Risk Assessment in Haze and Industrial Areas, Thailand
No full textThis study aimed to examine trace element concentrations in indoor dust and evaluate health risks in child development centers in haze and industrial areas of Thailand from November 2023 to April 2024. The samples were extracted using a microwave oven and analyzed via ICP-OES. The finding indicated that the levels of As, Cr, Pb, V, Fe, Mn, and Zn in the dust from child development centers in the industrial area were significantly higher than those in the haze area (p < 0.05). The presence of trace element contaminants in indoor dust is indicative of anthropogenic sources. Cd and Zn in both areas have shown significantly elevated risks, according to the probable ecological risk factor. Source apportionment identified traffic, road dust, and biomass combustion as the principal sources of pollution in the haze area, while traffic and combustion activities were significant in the industrial area. Non-carcinogenic risk assessments for children exposed to As, Pb, Cu, and Cr revealed potential health risks (HI > 1). Furthermore, the total cancer risk (TCR) linked to As, Cr, and Ni is considered acceptable within the criteria of 10−6 to 10−4. However, long-term exposure may increase the risk of cancer in children
Effect of extraction conditions on antioxidant activities of Xanthium strumarium L. sprouts extracts
Get PDFThis research aims to obtain the Xanthium strumarium sprouts extract with the most potent antioxidant activities. The single-factor experiments were used to extract. Factors of extraction, including temperatures (40, 50, 60, and 70°C), time (6, 8, 10, 20, and 30 minutes), and % ethanol in solvent (40, 50, 60, and 70 % EtOH), were applied in the ultrasonic assist extraction of 40°C oven-dried Xanthium strumarium sprouts 1 gram in 25 mL of solvent. Extraction yield (% yield) and % inhibition of active radical DPPH and ABTS were determined, and the correlation to varied factors was analyzed using a statistical program (SPSS). The results showed that, at low temperatures, it would give a low % yield but not affect antioxidant activities. The longer extraction time did not provide a different % yield than the shorter one. The extraction yield is a little better when 50% ethanol is used in water as a solvent and does not affect antioxidant activities. As they observe, we can conclude that the antioxidant activities of extracts do not depend on temperature, time, or % EtOH in solvents. The % inhibition of ABTS radicals is higher than that of DPPH radicals in all experiments, and it can be relied on that the active components in this extract are more polar and favorable to solute in water than EtOH
Indoor PM<sub>2.5</sub>and its Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons in Relation with Incense Burning
No full textRisk Assessment of Heavy Metals in Sediment Samples from the Mae Chaem River, Chiang Mai, Thailand
No full textHeavy metals are significant environmental pollutants that are recognized as posing a potential health hazard to human beings. We investigated the concentrations of the heavy metals As, Cd, Cr, Cu, Ni, Pb, and Zn in surface sediments collected from the Mae Chaem River in Chiang Mai, Thailand, during the dry season in 2021. The mean concentrations of heavy metals in sediments were, in decreasing order, Zn > Cr > As > Pb > Ni > Cu > Cd. The mean values of As, Cd, Cr, and Cu were determined to be 32.5 ± 18.3, 0.33 ± 0.07, 45.8 ± 11.9, and 21.9 ± 7.42 mg Kg−1, respectively. These levels are higher than their standard levels in Thailand, namely 10.0, 0.16, 45.5, and 21.5 mg Kg−1, respectively. Principal component analysis (PCA) revealed that the primary origins of heavy metal contamination are predominantly attributed to residential settlements and agricultural areas. The hazard quotient (HQ) was used to estimate the non-carcinogenic risk of exposure to heavy-metal-bound surface sediments for both children and adults. The results showed that the HQ values for both groups were less than 1.0 (HQ −6) based on the lifetime cancer risk (LCR). However, the LCR values of As and Cr were 5.3 × 10−6 and 2.5 × 10−6, respectively, demonstrating the most elevated LCR among the hazardous metals in terms of children’s exposure. Therefore, it is possible that children living in agricultural areas and participating in activities around the study area may be exposed to elevated concentrations of As and Cr
Epidemiological Study on Health Risk Assessment of Exposure to PM2.5-Bound Toxic Metals in the Industrial Metropolitan of Rayong, Thailand
No full textThe concentrations of PM2.5 and metallic elements were measured in Rayong during the dry season (November 2021 to April 2022). The mean PM2.5 concentration was 20.1 ± 10.9 µg/m3 (4.9–52.3 µg/m3). Moreover, the percentages of days when those PM2.5 concentrations exceeded the daily WHO and US-EPA NAAQS limit were 56.8% and 10.2%, respectively. However, the levels did not exceed 50 µg/m3, which is the limit of the 24 h standard defined by the PCD in Thailand. The dominant heavy metals and elements in PM2.5 samples were Cr, Cu, Fe, Mn, Pb, V, and Zn, which constituted 70%. In Rayong, the PCA results showed that industrial emissions (Cd, Cu, Fe, Mn, Pb, and Zn) and traffic emissions (As, Cd, Cr, K, and Ni) were the major sources of PM2.5-bound heavy metals. Exposure to toxic metals in PM2.5 through the inhalation pathway in Rayong obviously entails a high potential risk of cancer (>10−4) based on the total lung cancer risk (TCRinh). It was found that the TCRinh values of Cr for combined age groups were higher than 10−6, which implies a high cancer risk in Rayong
Indoor air quality assessment to design a model for indoor air quality management and health impact assessment in Northern Thailand
No full textIndoor air quality (IAQ) has become an important area of concern these days and tends to be more serious to human health as well as resident convenience, especially in smoke haze season (February - April) in Upper Northern Thailand (UNT). Indoor air monitoring and model development for controlling the air quality indoors is necessary for all buildings, particularly in urban areas and polluted areas. This study aims i) to study indoor air quality, ii) to assess health impacts and factors related to indoor air quality, and iii) to develop an effective model for controlling indoor air quality in Sub-district Health Promoting Hospital (HP) and Early Childhood Development Center (ED). Temperature, relative humidity, air movement, PM2.5, PM10, Carbon Dioxide (CO2), Carbon Monoxide (CO), Ozone (O3), Formaldehyde (CH2O), Total Volatile Organic Compound (TVOC), Total bacterial and fungal were used to evaluate indoor air quality. It was found that PM2.5 and PM10 concentrations in all buildings exceeded indoor air quality standards. Moreover, CO2 concentration was higher than recommended levels, especially during the daytime. HP and ED found high values of total bacteria and total fungi, which were higher than recommended level. The indoor air quality management model of a clean room that involved with the calculation of total airflow in cubic feet per hour was created and a specific size of air cleaner for the room was selected. The results showed that PM2.5 and PM10 concentrations including other parameters of the selected rooms were reduced to the recommended levels after implementing the rooms. This result indicated the effectiveness of developing an indoor air quality management model. Thus, this model can be used as a successful study case for other HP and ED, leading to a positive impact on building occupant health
Health Risk Assessment of Gaseous Pollutants in the Ambient Environment of Rayong City, Thailand: The Initiative of the EEC Area
Get PDFThe Eastern Economic Corridor (EEC) project initiative has an adverse impact on the increasing problem of air pollution. This research aims to determine ambient NO2, O3, and SO2 levels in the industrial area (IT) and urban area (UB) in Rayong city as part of a health risk assessment from 2018 to 2020. The average NO2, O3, and SO2 concentrations at IT site were ranged from 23.5–24.7 μg/m3, 42.7–56.7 μg/m3, and 12.5–14.0 μg/m3, while those at UB site were 14.8–20.7 μg/m3, 42.5–68.3 μg/m3, and 3.2–4.7 μg/m3, respectively. Their concentrations in dry season were higher than those in wet season at both IT and UB sites. The days in the IT site exceeded the daily WHO guideline of NO2 was 34.8–44.0%, while those in the UB site were 10.8–34.5%. The hazard quotient (HQ) values for a non-carcinogenic risk to human health caused by NO2 exposure indicated a medium hazard (HQ = 1.1–10.0), whereas the HQ values for SO2 and O3 indicated a negligible risk (HQ < 1.0). The total non-carcinogenic risk (HI) from air pollutants contamination being exposed concurrently, on the other hand, indicated risk levels that are likely to affect health, particularly children. Therefore, environmental management and protection in Rayong city are important for people who live in industrial and urban areas, especially during dry period
การประเมินคุณภาพน้ำของแม่น้ำคลองใหญ่ จังหวัดระยอง โดยใช้ดัชนีชี้วัดทางเคมีAssessment of Water Quality in Khlong Yai River in Rayong province by Chemical Index (CI)
No full textแม่น้ำคลองใหญ่เป็นแหล่งน้ำที่มีความสำคัญต่อประชาชนจังหวัดระยองทั้งในด้านการอุปโภคบริโภคและเกษตรกรรมปัจจุบันจังหวัดระยองมีการขยายตัวทางด้านอุตสาหกรรมและมีประชากรเพิ่มมากขึ้น ส่งผลให้มีความต้องการใช้ทรัพยากรน้ำและมีน้ำทิ้งจากกิจกรรมต่าง ๆ เพิ่มมากขึ้นไปด้วย ดังนั้นการคำนึงถึงคุณภาพและความสะอาดของน้ำถือเป็นสิ่งจำเป็น การวิจัยครั้งนี้มีวัตถุประสงค์ เพื่อศึกษาการประเมินคุณภาพน้ำของแม่น้ำคลองใหญ่ จังหวัดระยอง โดยใช้ดัชนีชี้วัดทางเคมี (Chemical Index; CI) พารามิเตอร์ที่ใช้ในการคำนวณ คือ อุณหภูมิน้ำ การนำไฟฟ้า ความเป็นกรดด่าง ค่าดีโอ ค่าบีโอดี ไนเตรท-ไนโตรเจน แอมโมเนียม-ไนโตรเจน และออร์โธฟอสเฟต ทำการเก็บน้ำตัวอย่างจำนวน 6 จุด ในช่วงฤดูฝน ฤดูหนาว และฤดูร้อน ผลการวิจัยพบว่า คุณภาพน้ำของแม่น้ำคลองใหญ่ในฤดูฝนอยู่ในเกณฑ์ระดับคุณภาพน้ำ “ปานกลาง” ถึง “สะอาด” ขณะที่ช่วงฤดูหนาวพบว่าอยู่ในเกณฑ์ระดับ “มลพิษ” ถึง “สะอาด” และช่วงฤดูร้อนอยู่ในเกณฑ์ระดับ “ปานกลาง” ถึง “ค่อนข้างสะอาด” อย่างไรก็ตาม พบว่าค่าคุณภาพน้ำของแม่น้ำคลองใหญ่ในแต่ละฤดูกาลไม่มีความแตกต่างกัน (p>0.05) จากข้อมูลคุณภาพน้ำสามารถสรุปได้ว่าคุณภาพน้ำของแม่น้ำคลองใหญ่อยู่ในเกณฑ์มาตรฐานคุณภาพน้ำผิวดินประเภทที่ 2 ซึ่งข้อมูลคุณภาพน้ำที่ได้จากการวิจัยนี้มีประโยชน์สำหรับการจัดการทรัพยากรน้ำในจังหวัดระยอง เพื่อรองรับแผนพัฒนาเขตเศรษฐกิจพิเศษภาคตะวันออก (EEC)Khlong Yai River is important to the people of Rayong Province for both consumption and agricultural proposes. Presently the city has a dramatic industrial expansion and its population is increasing, the result of which is an increase in water demand and discharge. Thus, it is necessary to consider the quality and cleanliness of the water before using. This research aims to study the assessment of water quality in Khlong Yai River at Rayong province by using the chemical index (CI). The chemical index (CI) was calculated from 8 parameters including water temperature (WT), electric conductivity (EC), pH, Dissolved Oxygen (DO), Biochemical Oxygen Demand (BOD5), Nitrate-N (NO3- -N), Ammonium-N (NH4+-N) and Orthro-phosphate (O-PO43-). The water samples were collected from 6 sites of river in rainy, winter, and summer seasons. The result found that the water quality of Khlong Yai River in rainy season was “moderate” to “clean” in accordance with the CI, while that of winter season was “pollution” to “clean” and summer season was rated as “moderate” to “fairly clean”. However, the water quality of Khlong Yai River in all seasons were not significant difference (p>0.05). Based on the observed data, it is concluded that Khlong Yai River could be classified as in class 2 of the surface water quality standard.This study suggested that the water quality information can be used for water resources management in Rayong province to accommodate to plan of Eastern Economic Corridor (EEC)
