4,491 research outputs found
Bub1 maintains centromeric cohesion by activation of the spindle checkpoint.
Get PDFBub1 is a component of the spindle assembly checkpoint (SAC), a surveillance mechanism that ensures genome stability by delaying anaphase until all the chromosomes are stably attached to spindle microtubules via their kinetochores. To define Bub1's role in chromosome segregation, embryogenesis, and tissue homeostasis, we generated a mouse strain in which BUB1 can be inactivated by administration of tamoxifen, thereby bypassing the preimplantation lethality associated with the Bub1 null phenotype. We show that Bub1 is essential for postimplantation embryogenesis and proliferation of primary embryonic fibroblasts. Bub1 inactivation in adult males inhibits proliferation in seminiferous tubules, reducing sperm production and causing infertility. In culture, Bub1-deficient fibroblasts fail to align their chromosomes or sustain SAC function, yielding a highly aberrant mitosis that prevents further cell divisions. Centromeres in Bub1-deficient cells also separate prematurely; however, we show that this is a consequence of SAC dysfunction rather than a direct role for Bub1 in protecting centromeric cohesion
Type XVIII and XV collagens: primary structure of human alpha1(XVIII) chain, phenotypic studies of type XVIII collagen single null and type XVIII and XV collagen double null mice
Get PDFAbstractIn this thesis study, the primary structure of the human α1(XVIII) polypeptide was elucidated, its tissue distribution was studied, and the phenotypic changes in the mouse eye due to lack of type XVIII collagen in a knock-out mouse model were studied further. In addition, the consequences of simultaneous lack of both type XVIII and XV collagen were studied in a mouse model lacking both of these proteins. Two variant forms of human α1(XVIII) polypeptide were identified in this study, although, to date, a third form has also been characterized. The analysis of tissue distribution of the two polypeptide forms revealed differences in their tissue distribution, since the longest variant occurs prominently in the liver, while the short form is the major transcript in other tissues studied, e.g. in the kidney. The study of the type XVIII single null mouse eyes revealed abnormalities in the anterior eye segment in addition to the previously reported defects in the posterior eye part. In the type XVIII single null mice the iris was fragmented, pigment deposits could be seen in the pupil, and the pupillary ruff in the edge of a normal mouse iris was missing in these mice. The ciliary body was also abnormal, since the ciliary processes start to show regression in adult animals and eventually the basal infoldings of the non-pigmented ciliary body epithelia become flattened in the null mice. The intraocular pressure stabilizes to a lower level in adult mutant mice compared to controls, most likely reflecting the atrophied ciliary epithelia. The BM zones were also defective in the type XVIII null mouse eyes. The absence of an immunosignal with one of the antibodies detecting laminin γ2 chain in the type XVIII null mouse eyes may implicate conformational changes in the laminin γ2 chain due to lack of type XVIII collagen, and subsequently interaction between type XVIII collagen and laminin γ2 chain in normal mouse eye BMs. The study of the type XVIII and XV double null mice revealed that these mice were viable and fertile and had no major additional abnormalities compared to both single null mice. However, the regression of hyaloid capillaries (vasa hyaloidea propria, VHP) was studied in these mice, and a slight delay in the detachment of these vessels from the retina was noticed. Thus, the two collagens do not function entirely independently from each other. The studies with type XVIII collagen single null mice indicate that in addition to the posterior eye phenotype, this collagen is needed for the normal structural integrity of the anterior eye segment and basement membranes of the eye. The mouse model lacking both type XVIII and type XV collagen indicates that the roles of the two collagens are essentially diverse, although a slight compensatory effect was observed in the detachment of the hyaloid capillaries from the retina.Academic Dissertation to be presented with the assent of the Faculty of Medicine, University of Oulu, for public discussion in the Auditorium L101 of the Department of Medical Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, on October 24th, 2003, at 1 p.m.Abstract
In this thesis study, the primary structure of the human α1(XVIII) polypeptide was elucidated, its tissue distribution was studied, and the phenotypic changes in the mouse eye due to lack of type XVIII collagen in a knock-out mouse model were studied further. In addition, the consequences of simultaneous lack of both type XVIII and XV collagen were studied in a mouse model lacking both of these proteins.
Two variant forms of human α1(XVIII) polypeptide were identified in this study, although, to date, a third form has also been characterized. The analysis of tissue distribution of the two polypeptide forms revealed differences in their tissue distribution, since the longest variant occurs prominently in the liver, while the short form is the major transcript in other tissues studied, e.g. in the kidney. The study of the type XVIII single null mouse eyes revealed abnormalities in the anterior eye segment in addition to the previously reported defects in the posterior eye part. In the type XVIII single null mice the iris was fragmented, pigment deposits could be seen in the pupil, and the pupillary ruff in the edge of a normal mouse iris was missing in these mice. The ciliary body was also abnormal, since the ciliary processes start to show regression in adult animals and eventually the basal infoldings of the non-pigmented ciliary body epithelia become flattened in the null mice. The intraocular pressure stabilizes to a lower level in adult mutant mice compared to controls, most likely reflecting the atrophied ciliary epithelia. The BM zones were also defective in the type XVIII null mouse eyes. The absence of an immunosignal with one of the antibodies detecting laminin γ2 chain in the type XVIII null mouse eyes may implicate conformational changes in the laminin γ2 chain due to lack of type XVIII collagen, and subsequently interaction between type XVIII collagen and laminin γ2 chain in normal mouse eye BMs. The study of the type XVIII and XV double null mice revealed that these mice were viable and fertile and had no major additional abnormalities compared to both single null mice. However, the regression of hyaloid capillaries (vasa hyaloidea propria, VHP) was studied in these mice, and a slight delay in the detachment of these vessels from the retina was noticed. Thus, the two collagens do not function entirely independently from each other.
The studies with type XVIII collagen single null mice indicate that in addition to the posterior eye phenotype, this collagen is needed for the normal structural integrity of the anterior eye segment and basement membranes of the eye. The mouse model lacking both type XVIII and type XV collagen indicates that the roles of the two collagens are essentially diverse, although a slight compensatory effect was observed in the detachment of the hyaloid capillaries from the retina
Raymond Williams and the limits of cultural materialism
Get PDFCultural materialism has become an influential discipline in recent
years, particularly so in 'Renaissance' studies, but also more generally in
'English', as well as departments defined as practising 'cultural' or
'communications' studies. The phrase is usually linked with the name of
Raymond Williams, but a cursory examination of Williams's own work
quickly establishes that it is a phrase he rarely uses, and only schematically
attempts to define. The thesis therefore takes the form of an investigation into
the way cultural materialism has come to be understood, by examining in
detail the trajectory of Raymond Williams's theoretical development, and how
his own engagement with various theoretical positions has helped to set
'limits' on the meaning of cultural materialism.
Chapters 1 and 2 deal with some of Williams's earliest work,
particularly Reading and Criticism, as a way of investigating how reasonable
it is to tag him as a 'Left-Leavisite', arguing that Leavis's undoubted
influence is resisted (though not entirely rejected) from a very early stage. The
first chapter considers in detail Leavis's work at Cambridge, the influence of
Eliot, and the significance of the 'Organic Community'. Chapter 2, which is
based around a comparative analysis of Williams's and Leavis's readings of
Dickens, argues that Williams rejects the 'organic community' in favour of his
'knowable community'. Chapters 4 and 5 deal with specific 'theoretical'
issues: the first, based around a reading of Terry Eagleton's critique of
Williams's use of the Marxist metaphor of 'base and superstructure', shows
some of the problems which arise from Williams's cultural model, as well as
suggesting refinements; the second deals with the influence of Volosinov's
theories on Williams. Chapter 6 comes out of Williams's readings of the
'Country-House' poems in The Country and the City, showing how his
practice of literary criticism relies on an acceptance of 'ideology' apparently
denied in his more 'theoretical' writings. This analysis is extended as a result
of investigations into the 'De L'Isle' manuscripts relating to the Penshurst
estate. Chapter 7 argues that it is possible to see the work of Fredric Jameson
as developing Williams's cultural materialism into Jameson's debates on
postmodernism.
In the Introduction and Conclusion, I have taken the opportunity to
look briefly at the activity of cultural materialism as it has developed since
Raymond Williams's death in 1988. The Introduction emphasizes what I see
to be important methodological differences between 'cultural materialism'
and 'new historicism'; the Conclusion deals with the continuing debate over
the value of a cultural materialist approach by considering the 'appropriation'
of Shakespeare
Raymond Gervais : 3 x 1
Get PDF"Raymond Gervais 3 X 1 traces and elucidates the important or little-known moments in the practice of Raymond Gervais, an artist who has explored the notion of the aural imagination since the mid 1970s. An erudite author, Gervais joins forces here with Nicole Gingras, a researcher and curator interested in what connects sound, image, and words. The first major publication on the work of a conceptual artist questioning whether thought is acoustic" -- p. [4] of cover
Special announcement from Raymond R. Best, Raymond R., Director of the Tule Lake camp, Japanese = 特別告示
No full textJapanese translation of a special announcement from Raymond R. Best, Raymond R., Director of the Tule Lake camp regarding permanent leave from the segregation center.The Kiyoshi Uyekawa Tule Lake Camp Collection comprises of the wartime publications collected by Kiyoshi Uyekawa while incarcerated in the Tule Lake camp, such as Tule Lake newsletters and bulletins, materials issued by the Pro-Japanese group, Sokoku Hoshidan (or Hoshi Dan), WRA publications, his family's incarceration documents, which include documents regarding his and his wife, Mitsuye‘s repatriation, his fictional works’ manuscripts, bulletins and manuscripts of haiku poems authored by the members of the haiku societies incarcerated in the camps, and letters from Kyo Koide, who was a prominent figure in the community as a photographer, physician, and poet under the pseudonym, Banjin Koide
Oral History Interview with Raymond Lepore, February 6, 2020
No full textThe National Museum of the Pacific War presents an oral interview with Raymond Lepore. Lepore was born in Boston in 1926 and joined the Navy at 15 years of age in August 1942. After boot camp, he attended gunnery school before joining the crew of USS Bogue (CVE-9). He joined USS San Jacinto (CVL-30) commissioning crew in January 1944. Lepore spent close to 500 days aboard the ship in the combat area and shares several anecdotes about his experiences, including one about George HW Bush
Shanxi (China), red soil basin around Qin Xian
No full textTopography in the red soil basin around Chinchow.Image is part of research conducted by Raymond T. Moyer for the article: Agricultural Soils in a Loess Region of North China
Author(s): Raymond T. Moyer
Source: Geographical Review, Vol. 26, No. 3 (Jul., 1936), pp. 414-425
Published by: American Geographical Society
Stable URL: http://www.jstor.org/stable/209047http://www.jstor.org/stable/209047Grayscal
Shanxi (China), profile of soils
No full textProfile of soils of the Gray Brown Subgroup, showing zone of accumulation.Image is part of research conducted by Raymond T. Moyer for the article: Agricultural Soils in a Loess Region of North China
Author(s): Raymond T. Moyer
Source: Geographical Review, Vol. 26, No. 3 (Jul., 1936), pp. 414-425
Published by: American Geographical Society
Stable URL: http://www.jstor.org/stable/209047http://www.jstor.org/stable/209047Grayscal
Shanxi province (China), people irrigating from a well on the Taiyuan plain
No full textIrrigating from a well on the Taiyuan Plain.Image is part of research conducted by Raymond T. Moyer for the article: Agricultural Soils in a Loess Region of North China
Author(s): Raymond T. Moyer
Source: Geographical Review, Vol. 26, No. 3 (Jul., 1936), pp. 414-425
Published by: American Geographical Society
Stable URL: http://www.jstor.org/stable/209047http://www.jstor.org/stable/209047Grayscal
Shanxi (China), cross-section of soil and fossil profiles in Shouyang basin
No full textA cross-section of soil materials and fossil profiles in a "loess" hill of the Shouyang Basin.Image is part of research conducted by Raymond T. Moyer for the article: Agricultural Soils in a Loess Region of North China
Author(s): Raymond T. Moyer
Source: Geographical Review, Vol. 26, No. 3 (Jul., 1936), pp. 414-425
Published by: American Geographical Society
Stable URL: http://www.jstor.org/stable/209047http://www.jstor.org/stable/209047Grayscal
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