21 research outputs found
Pholcus kinabalu Huber 2011
No full textPholcus kinabalu Huber, 2011 Pholcus kinabalu Huber, 2011: 138 –141, figs 511–514, 527–528, 556–569 (♂ ♀). Diagnosis Distinguished from other species in krabi group by male palpal morphology (triangular appendix provided with scales; rather short pointed trochanter apophysis; fig. 556 in Huber 2011) and female internal genitalia (large round pore plates far from each other; fig. 559 in Huber 2011). New material examined MALAYSIA-BORNEO: 1 ♂, RMNH, Sabah, Mt Kinabalu National Park, Poring Hot Springs (6°02' N, 116°50' E, coordinates dubious), canopy fogging, 20 Jan. 1992 (A. Floren); 1 ♂, 2 ♀♀, 4 juvs, RMNH, same locality, canopy fogging, 19 Feb.–26 Mar. 1996 (A. Floren); 1 ♂, 3 ♀♀, RMNH, Poring Hot Springs (6°05' N, 116°33' E, coordinates dubious), 16 Sep. 2006 (A. Floren).Published as part of Berhard A. Huber, Booppa Petchard, Charles Leh Moi Ung, Joseph K. H. Koh & Amir R. M. Ghazali, 2016, The Southeast Asian Pholcus halabala species group (Araneae, Pholcidae): new data from field observations and ultrastructure, pp. 1-55 in European Journal of Taxonomy 190 on page 38, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2016.190, http://zenodo.org/record/83100
Pholcus andulau
No full textPholcus andulau species group This species group is newly proposed to include one species previously included in the Ph. halabala group (Ph. andulau Huber, 2011) and the newly described Ph. lambir Huber, sp. nov. They share three putative synapomorphies: (1) the unique, partly sclerotized embolus with strong sclerotized pointed processes (Figs 200, 209–212); (2) pointed male cheliceral apophyses directed toward each other and without modified hairs (Figs 202, 214); and (3) large unsclerotized ‘knob’ on female external genitalia directed toward anterior (Figs 203, 213). The two species are also otherwise very similar (females are indistinguishable in the field; Ph. lambir sp. nov. males have a darker ocular area than Ph. andulau males) and restricted to a limited geographic area in northern Borneo (Fig. 153). Preliminary molecular data (A. Valdez-Mondragón, B.A. Huber & D. Dimitrov unpublished data) suggest a close relationship with the Panjange nigrifrons group (which is also restricted to Borneo), but we know of no putative morphological synapomorphy that would support this relationship. However, general habitus and coloration are almost identical, and the same is true of web structure and microhabitat: in both groups, the spiders build domed webs among the vegetation, with the apex of the sheet connected to the underside of a leaf. In addition, they hang in their webs under the leaf rather than having their bodies pressed against the leaf, and in both groups, cecidomyiid flies were often seen in large numbers hanging in the spider webs. When disturbed, Pholcus andulau and Ph. lambir sp. nov. vibrate vigorously. Egg-sacs are carried in front of the body (Figs 194, 196), as in typical pholcids.Published as part of Berhard A. Huber, Booppa Petchard, Charles Leh Moi Ung, Joseph K. H. Koh & Amir R. M. Ghazali, 2016, The Southeast Asian Pholcus halabala species group (Araneae, Pholcidae): new data from field observations and ultrastructure, pp. 1-55 in European Journal of Taxonomy 190 on page 47, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2016.190, http://zenodo.org/record/83100
Pholcus krabi
No full textPholcus krabi species group This species group is newly proposed to include three species previously part of the Ph. halabala group (Ph. chiangdao Huber, 2011; Ph. khene Huber, 2011; Ph. kinabalu Huber, 2011) as well as three newly described species (Ph. krabi Huber, sp. nov.; Ph. narathiwat Huber, sp. nov.; Ph. kipungit Huber, sp. nov.). They share three putative synapomorphies: (1) absence of AME (Figs 116–117); (2) absence of modified hairs on distal male cheliceral apophyses (Fig. 118); and (3) reduction of ALS spigots to two (one widened, one pointed; Fig. 122; confirmed in Ph. kinabalu and Ph. krabi sp. nov. only). In addition, live males of the three newly described species share highly distinctive reddish to orange palps (Figs 102, 106, 108), and females of at least Ph. chiangdao, Ph. kinabalu, and Ph. narathiwat sp. nov. share dimorphic color patterns on the prosoma. Species newly observed in the field (Ph. kipungit sp. nov.; Ph. narathiwat sp. nov.; Ph. krabi sp. nov.) built very similar domed webs among the vegetation (0.5–2 m above the ground), usually with the apex of the dome attached to the underside of a leaf. They are also very similar in general appearance (the three species are indistinguishable in the field; Figs 102–109). Very low abundances and/or patchy distributions were observed in all three species. However, most specimens known of Ph. kinabalu were collected by canopy fogging (Huber 2011), suggesting that abundances of at least this species may be different in higher forest strata. Egg-sacs are carried in front of the body (Figs 105, 109) as in typical pholcids. This species group is known from mainland Southeast Asia and Borneo (Fig. 110). The RMNH has an additional species from East Kalimantan (Fig. 110) that is not described here because only a single poorly preserved male specimen is available.Published as part of Berhard A. Huber, Booppa Petchard, Charles Leh Moi Ung, Joseph K. H. Koh & Amir R. M. Ghazali, 2016, The Southeast Asian Pholcus halabala species group (Araneae, Pholcidae): new data from field observations and ultrastructure, pp. 1-55 in European Journal of Taxonomy 190 on page 27, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2016.190, http://zenodo.org/record/83100
Pholcus buatong
No full text<i>Pholcus buatong</i> species group <p> This species group is newly proposed to include one species previously part of the <i>Ph. halabala</i> group (<i>Ph. satun</i> Huber, 2011), one species previously tentatively assigned to the <i>Pholcus ethagala</i> group (<i>Ph. schwendingeri</i> Huber, 2011), and a newly described species (<i>Ph. buatong</i> Huber, sp. nov.). They share three putative synapomorphies, (1) the complete reduction of distal anterior apophyses on the male chelicerae (Fig. 156); (2) the very distinctive dorsal bulging of the male palpal patella (Fig. 155; angle between femur and patella ~120–125° rather than ~180° as in typical pholcids); and (3) the large, heavily sclerotized ‘knob’ on the epigynum (Figs 184, 187, 190). The group is strongly supported by preliminary molecular data (A. Valdez-Mondragón, B.A. Huber & D. Dimitrov unpublished data). <i>Pholcus schwendingeri</i> and <i>Ph. buatong</i> sp. nov. also share a distinctive whitish membranous process retrolatero-distally on the procursus (arrows in Figs 155, 180). Otherwise this group appears rather inhomogeneous: <i>Pholcus schwendingeri</i> males have extremely long eye stalks (Fig. 173) while males of the other two species have short eye stalks (Fig. 155); <i>Pholcus buatong</i> sp. nov. is rock-dwelling while the other two species are leaf litter dwelling; <i>Pholcus satun</i> has small AME, while the other two species lack AME; <i>Pholcus satun</i> males have only one bulbal process (sclerotized embolus), while males of the other two species have a membranous embolus plus an appendix. In all three species, egg-sacs are carried in front of the body (Figs 145, 152) as in typical pholcids. This species group is known from southern Thailand and northern mainland Malaysia (Fig. 153).</p>Published as part of <i>Berhard A. Huber, Booppa Petchard, Charles Leh Moi Ung, Joseph K. H. Koh & Amir R. M. Ghazali, 2016, The Southeast Asian Pholcus halabala species group (Araneae, Pholcidae): new data from field observations and ultrastructure, pp. 1-55 in European Journal of Taxonomy 190</i> on page 38, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2016.190, <a href="http://zenodo.org/record/831004">http://zenodo.org/record/831004</a>
Pholcus sabah Huber 2011
No full textPholcus sabah Huber, 2011 Figs 9–10 Pholcus sabah Huber, 2011: 133, figs 497–498, 537–541 (♂ ♀). Diagnosis Easily distinguished from putatively closest known relatives (other species in the halabala core group) by ‘double’ uncus and large rounded rather than pointed flap dorsally on procursus (figs 537, 538 in Huber 2011) and by large lateral structures in female internal genitalia (fig. 541 in Huber 2011). New material examined MALAYSIA-BORNEO: 1 ♂, ZFMK (Ar 15012), Sabah, Mt Kinabalu, Poring Hot Springs (type locality), forest near beginning of Kipungit Trail (6.048° N, 116.706° E), 450 m a.s.l., on underside of leaf, 7 Aug. 2014 (B.A. Huber, S.B. Huber); 1 ♂, RMNH, Poring Hot Springs, 28–31 Mar. 1998 (C.L. Deeleman- Reinhold, P. Zborowski); 1 ♂, 2 ♀♀, 2 juvs, ZFMK (Ar 15013), Sepilok, Rainforest Discovery Centre, forest along Pitta Trail (5.875– 5.878° N, 117.937– 117.942° E), 30 m a.s.l., on undersides of leaves, 9 Aug. 2014 (B.A. Huber, S.B. Huber); 1 ♀, 5 juvs, in absolute ethanol, ZFMK (Bor 173), same data. Note The color dimorphism observed among females from Poring in the original description also occurs among males: while the single male from Sepilok has the ‘usual’ pattern of two V-marks (Fig. 10), the newly collected male from Poring has a large black mark covering most of the carapace posteriorly (Fig. 9). This latter pattern also occurs in one of the three females from Sepilok. In the male it is associated with a slightly darker brown sternum that is only medially and anteriorly light; in the female it is associated with a black sternum. Tibia 1 in two males: 7.1, 8.4; in two females: 7.1, 7.3. Natural history Most new specimens were collected relatively close to the ground (approximately 50 cm above the ground). All previously known specimens (1♂, 3♀♀) were collected by canopy fogging (Huber 2011). Distribution Known from two localities in northeastern Borneo (Fig. 17).Published as part of Berhard A. Huber, Booppa Petchard, Charles Leh Moi Ung, Joseph K. H. Koh & Amir R. M. Ghazali, 2016, The Southeast Asian Pholcus halabala species group (Araneae, Pholcidae): new data from field observations and ultrastructure, pp. 1-55 in European Journal of Taxonomy 190 on pages 12-13, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2016.190, http://zenodo.org/record/83100
Pholcus satun Huber 2011
No full text<i>Pholcus satun</i> Huber, 2011 <p>Figs 147–149, 169–170, 187–189</p> <p> <i>Pholcus satun</i> Huber, 2011: 144, figs 515–516, 580–582 (♂).</p> Diagnosis <p> Easily distinguished from all known congeners by long sickle-shaped bulbal process and by unique shape of procursus (long, S-shaped, with subdistal ventral pointed process; fig. 580 in Huber 2011); from other species in the <i>buatong</i> group also by longer than wide female internal genitalia (Fig. 170).</p> New material examined <p>THAILAND: 1 ♀, in absolute ethanol, ZFMK (Mal 328), Satun, Thaleban National Park (6°42.6' N, 100°10.2' E) (type locality), forest near headquarters, 110 m a.s.l., leaf litter, 5 Mar. 2015 (B.A. Huber, B. Petcharad).</p> <p>MALAYSIA: 1 ♀, ZFMK (Ar 15047), Kedah, Gunung Jerai, forest near Sri Perigi Waterfall (5°48.3' N, 100°24.6' E), 100–200 m a.s.l., 27 Feb. 2015 (B.A. Huber); 2 ♀♀, 1 juv., in absolute ethanol, ZFMK (Mal 288), same data; 1 ♂, ZFMK (Ar 15048), same data, collected penultimate, adult on 2–3 Mar. 2015.</p> <p> <b>Description</b> (female)</p> <p>In general similar to male (Fig. 149; cf. Huber 2011), but eye triads on low humps and closer together (distance PME-PME: 185 µm) and black mark at ocular area smaller. AME present as in male. Tibia 1 in 3 females: 5.5, 5.6, 6.1. Epigynum longer than wide, mostly weakly sclerotized, with large dark ‘knob’ at posterior margin, anterior internal arch visible through cuticle (Figs 169, 187–188); posterior plate laterally slightly more sclerotized. Internal genitalia as in Figs 170 and 189.</p> Distribution <p>Known from two localities in southern Thailand and northern mainland Malaysia (Fig. 153).</p>Published as part of <i>Berhard A. Huber, Booppa Petchard, Charles Leh Moi Ung, Joseph K. H. Koh & Amir R. M. Ghazali, 2016, The Southeast Asian Pholcus halabala species group (Araneae, Pholcidae): new data from field observations and ultrastructure, pp. 1-55 in European Journal of Taxonomy 190</i> on page 43, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2016.190, <a href="http://zenodo.org/record/831004">http://zenodo.org/record/831004</a>
Pholcus ubin Huber, sp. nov.
No full textPholcus ubin Huber, sp. nov. urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:5EC32BD5-FE22-45DE-A5EB-7659D61FFC03 Figs 7–8, 29–33, 90–92 Diagnosis Easily distinguished from putatively closest known relatives (other species in the halabala core group) by morphology of male palps (Figs 29–30; procursus with heavily sclerotized dorsal process distally; shapes of uncus and appendix) and by female internal genitalia (Figs 32–33; triangular pore plates). Etymology The species name is derived from the type locality; noun in apposition. Type material SINGAPORE: holotype, ♂, ZFMK (Ar 15010), Pulau Ubin, degraded forest near park headquarters (1°24.2' N, 103°58.2' E), 20 m a.s.l., on leaves, 16 Feb. 2015 (B.A. Huber, J. Koh, D. Court). Other material examined SINGAPORE: 2 ♂♂, 3 ♀♀, ZFMK (Ar 15011), same data as holotype; 2 ♀♀, 3 juvs, in absolute ethanol, ZFMK (Mal 232), same data. MALAYSIA-BORNEO: 1 ♂, RMNH, Sabah, Gaya Island (6° 00.90' N, 116° 01.17' E), 22 Aug. 2009 (A. Floren). Description Male (holotype) MEASUREMENTS. Total body length 4.1, carapace width 1.0. Leg 1: 30.4 (7.3 + 0.4 + 7.2 + 14.2 + 1.3), tibia 2: 4.7, tibia 3: 2.7, tibia 4: 3.9; tibia 1 L/d: 86. Distance PME-PME 220 µm, diameter PME 95 µm, distance PME-ALE ~35 µm; distance AME-AME 35 µm; diameter AME 60 µm. COLOR. Carapace ochre-yellow with brown pattern of radiating marks posteriorly, in live specimens with reddish color in median area between posterior marks (Fig. 7); ocular area and clypeus not darkened; sternum with some dark marks posteriorly; legs ochre-yellow with dark brown patellae and tibiametatarsus joints; abdomen pale ochre-gray with small black and white marks dorsally and laterally, monochromous ventrally. BODY. Habitus as in Fig. 7; ocular area slightly raised, with brushes of ~10 stronger hairs behind each PME; carapace without median furrow; clypeus unmodified; sternum wider than long (0.62/0.40), unmodified. CHELICERAE. As in Fig. 31, with pair of frontal apophyses provided with two modified hairs each and rounded lateral processes. PALPS. As in Figs 29–30; coxa unmodified; trochanter with retrolatero-ventral apophysis; femur with small retrolateral apophysis proximally; tibia very large; tarsus with dorsal elongation carrying subdistal tarsal organ; procursus with prominent ventral ‘knee’, with distinctive heavily sclerotized dorsal process distally (arrow in Fig. 30); bulb oval, with distinctive uncus and appendix; weakly sclerotized embolus with subdistal fringed side branch (hidden by appendix in Fig. 29). LEGS. Without spines and curved hairs; few vertical hairs; retrolateral trichobothrium on tibia 1 at 5%; prolateral trichobothrium absent on tibia 1, present on other tibiae; tarsus 1 with ~20 pseudosegments (only distally ~15 fairly distinct). Male (variation) Tibia 1 in 2 other males: 6.1, 7.3. Female In general similar to male (Fig. 8), but without stronger hairs behind PME; sternum mostly dark with some small light marks; eye triads closer together than in male (PME-PME distance: 185 µm). Tibia 1 in 3 females: 5.8, 5.9, 6.1. Epigynum weakly sclerotized whitish plate (Fig. 90), anterior internal arch visible through cuticle, posterior margin laterally slightly more sclerotized; with median ‘knob’ (Figs 32, 90–91); internal genitalia as in Figs 33 and 92. Natural history All Pulau Ubin specimens were found in a highly degraded patch of forest near park headquarters, while no specimen was found in a well preserved forest about 3.3 km WNW. Most specimens were collected by beating of branches, but some were observed in their flat resting position on the leaves. Distribution Known from two localities in Singapore and Gaya Island (Sabah) respectively (Fig. 17).Published as part of Berhard A. Huber, Booppa Petchard, Charles Leh Moi Ung, Joseph K. H. Koh & Amir R. M. Ghazali, 2016, The Southeast Asian Pholcus halabala species group (Araneae, Pholcidae): new data from field observations and ultrastructure, pp. 1-55 in European Journal of Taxonomy 190 on pages 10-12, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2016.190, http://zenodo.org/record/83100
Pholcus narathiwat Huber, sp. nov.
No full textPholcus narathiwat Huber, sp. nov. urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:0127E1C4-BABC-4C33-A92E-65744D43D8E2 Figs 106–107, 124–128, 137–139 Diagnosis Distinguished from similar species (other species in the Ph. krabi group) by morphology of male palps (Figs 124–125; unique shape of bifid appendix; shape of uncus; procursus with strong distal ventral sclerite, similar only in Ph. chiangdao) and by distinctive rounded sclerites in internal female genitalia (Fig. 127). Etymology The species name is derived from the type locality; noun in apposition. Type material THAILAND: holotype, ♂, ZFMK (Ar 15041), Narathiwat, Hala Bala Wildlife Sanctuary, ‘site 3’ (5°48.4' N, 101°49.4' E), 180 m a.s.l., forest near road, domed webs among vegetation, 2 Mar. 2015 (B.A. Huber, B. Petcharad). Other material examined THAILAND: 1 ♀, together with holotype; 1 ♀, in absolute ethanol, ZFMK (Mal 312), same data but at 220 m a.s.l.; 1 ♀, in absolute ethanol, ZFMK (Mal 316), same locality but ‘site 1’, forest at river near headquarters (5°47.8' N, 101°49.9' E), 90 m a.s.l., 2 Mar. 2015 (B.A. Huber, B. Petcharad), night collecting. Description Male (holotype) MEASUREMENTS. Total body length 3.9, carapace width 1.0. Leg 1: 30.6 (7.2 + 0.4 + 7.3 + 13.5 + 2.2), tibia 2: 4.4, tibia 3: 2.4, tibia 4: 4.1; tibia 1 L/d: 76. Distance PME-PME 350 µm, diameter PME 95 µm, distance PME-ALE ~35 µm; AME absent. COLOR. Carapace pale ochre-yellow with light brown median line and V-mark, ocular area and clypeus light brown; sternum whitish; palps orange; legs pale ochre-yellow with darker brown patellae and tibiametatarsus joints; abdomen pale gray with some indistinct marks dorsally. BODY. Habitus as in Fig. 106; ocular area slightly raised and each triad on short stalk directed laterad; carapace without median furrow; clypeus unmodified; sternum wider than long (0.60/0.52), unmodified. CHELICERAE. As in Fig. 126, with large proximal lateral processes and pair of rounded distal apophyses without modified hairs. PALPS. As in Figs 124–125; coxa unmodified; trochanter with retrolatero-ventral apophysis directed first laterad then bending sharply ventrad; femur with small retrolatero-dorsal process proximally; tibia large; procursus distally complex, with distinctive strong ventral apophysis; bulb with strong proximal sclerite, with uncus, with distinctive bifid appendix (prolateral part with large scales), short weakly sclerotized embolus. LEGS. Without spines and curved hairs; few vertical hairs; retrolateral trichobothrium on tibia 1 at 4%; prolateral trichobothrium absent on tibia 1, present on other tibiae; tarsus 1 with> 20 pseudosegments, only distally fairly distinct. Female In general similar to male (Fig. 107) but eye triads on low humps and closer together (PME-PME distance: 235 µm), ocular area and clypeus either with one large black mark (1 ♀) or with two transversal black bands (2 ♀♀). Tibia 1: 5.9, 6.3, 6.6. Epigynum weakly sclerotized slightly bulging plate with posterior ‘knob’, internal anterior arch and distinctive rounded sclerites poorly visible through cuticle (Figs 127, 137–138); internal genitalia as in Figs 128 and 139. Natural history Three of the four specimens were collected from a single bush. Three days of intensive collecting at the type locality resulted in only one further specimen. The ATOL Expedition in 2003 did not collect this species. The domed webs were easily visible among the vegetation, about 1–1.5 m above the ground. Distribution Known from type locality in southern Thailand only (Fig. 110).Published as part of Berhard A. Huber, Booppa Petchard, Charles Leh Moi Ung, Joseph K. H. Koh & Amir R. M. Ghazali, 2016, The Southeast Asian Pholcus halabala species group (Araneae, Pholcidae): new data from field observations and ultrastructure, pp. 1-55 in European Journal of Taxonomy 190 on pages 33-35, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2016.190, http://zenodo.org/record/83100
Pholcus erawan Huber 2011
No full textPholcus erawan Huber, 2011 Figs 13–16, 39–48 Pholcus erawan Huber, 2011: 297 –298, figs 1374–1375, 1404–1405, 1466–1470 (♂ ♀). Diagnosis Easily distinguished from putatively closest known relatives (other species in the halabala core group) by absence of dorsal flap on procursus, by long whitish process of male palpal tarsus (fig. 1467 in Huber 2011), by unique shapes of bulbal processes (fig. 1644 in Huber 2011), and by much longer than wide female internal genitalia and small oval pore plates (fig. 1470 in Huber 201 1). New material examined THAILAND: 8 ♂♂, 9 ♀♀, ZFMK (7 ♂♂, 8 ♀♀, AR 15016–17) and PSUZC (1 ♂, 1 ♀), Kanchanaburi, Erawan National Park (14°22.2' N, 99°08.75' E), 85 m a.s.l., forest along stream, on leaves, 15 Mar. 2015 (B.A. Huber, B. Petcharad); 2 ♂♂, 7 ♀♀, in absolute ethanol, ZFMK (Mal 378), same data; 1 ♂, 1 ♀, ZFMK (Ar 15018), Nakhon Si Thammarat, Khao Nan National Park (8°46.2' N, 98°48.1' E), 250–300 m a.s.l., on leaves in forest, 9 Mar. 2015 (B.A. Huber, B. Petcharad); 1 ♂, ZFMK (Ar 15019), same data, collected penultimate, adult on 11 Mar. 2015; 3 juvs, in absolute ethanol, ZFMK (Mal 345), same data; 3 ♂♂, 3 ♀♀, ZFMK (Ar 15020), Nakhon Si Thammarat, Khao Nan National Park (8°46.23' N, 98°48.27' E), 100 m a.s.l., on palm leaves near park buildings, 9 Mar. 2015 (B.A. Huber, B. Petcharad); 1 ♂, ZFMK (Ar 15021), same data, collected penultimate, adult on 12 Mar. 2015; 2 ♂♂, ZFMK (Ar 15022), Krabi, Khao Phanom Bencha National Park, trails near headquarters (8°14.1' N, 98°55.1' E), 150–300 m a.s.l., on leaves, 8 Mar. 2015 (B.A. Huber, B. Petcharad); 4 ♀♀, 4 juvs, in absolute ethanol, ZFMK (Mal 340), same data. MALAYSIA: 2 ♂♂, 5 ♀♀, ZFMK (Ar 15023), Kedah, Gunung Jerai, forest near Sri Perigi Waterfall (5°48.3' N, 100°24.6' E), 100–200 m a.s.l., on leaves, 27 Feb. 2015 (B.A. Huber); 1 ♀, 6 juvs, in absolute ethanol, ZFMK (Mal 291), same data; 4 ♂♂, 3 ♀♀, 1 juv., ZFMK (Ar 15024), Pulau Pinang, Penang National Park near Teluk Bahang (5°27.7' N, 100°12.1' E), 10–50 m a.s.l., on leaves, 28 Feb. 2015 (B.A. Huber); 1 ♂, ZFMK (Ar 15025), same data, collected penultimate, adult on 2 Mar. 2015; 1 ♂, 1 ♀, 1 juv., in absolute ethanol, ZFMK (Mal 296), same data. Description – amendments Carapace pattern slightly variable, ranging from two separate V-marks (Fig. 15) to medially fused V-marks to almost completely fused single posterior mark (Fig. 14). Females and juveniles with more delicate V-marks. Sternum coloration also slightly variable, from almost monochromous whitish to small black posterior marks (males) and larger black posterior marks (females). Tibia 1 in 21 males: 6.3–8.1 (mean 7.1); in 20 females: 5.8–6.7 (mean 6.3). In most males, except those from the type locality (Erawan), the ventro-distal sclerite of the procursus is slightly more pointed than illustrated in Huber 2011 (fig. 1467). Male ocular area with dense brush of stronger hairs, but without spines (Fig. 43); tarsus 4 comb-hairs of the simplified Pholcus - type (cf. Huber & Fleckenstein 2008), with three lateral tines (Fig. 46); procursus with retrolateral distal pocket (Fig. 41); distal male cheliceral apophyses with two cone-shaped teeth (modified hairs) each (Fig. 39); gonopore with four epiandrous spigots (Fig. 44); ALS with one widened, one pointed, and six smaller cylindrically shaped spigots of varying sizes (Fig. 45; pointed spigot damaged in this spinneret). Natural history As noted above, Ph. erawan was sometimes found at the same localities as Ph. halabala but on monocot rather than dicot leaves. Only at Erawan, this species seemed to occur on all kinds of leaves, preferably (but not only) large ones. At Khao Nan, Ph. erawan was found on palm leaves both in the forest and in the garden near the park buildings. At Penang, specimens were found both on green leaves and on dead brown leaves still attached to the plant. Small silk tufts were observed in the webs at most localities. At night (at Erawan), spiders were observed moving among the vegetation. Distribution Widely distributed on the Malay Peninsula, reaching northern Laos (Fig. 17).Published as part of Berhard A. Huber, Booppa Petchard, Charles Leh Moi Ung, Joseph K. H. Koh & Amir R. M. Ghazali, 2016, The Southeast Asian Pholcus halabala species group (Araneae, Pholcidae): new data from field observations and ultrastructure, pp. 1-55 in European Journal of Taxonomy 190 on pages 15-17, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2016.190, http://zenodo.org/record/83100
Pholcus khaolek Huber, sp. nov.
No full text<i>Pholcus khaolek</i> Huber, sp. nov. <p>urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:2A1CAF47-9EB4-480C-8C83-DFB0162AF617</p> <p>Figs 52–53, 63–78, 99–101</p> Diagnosis <p> Easily distinguished from most similar known relative (<i>Ph. kuhapimuk</i> sp. nov.) by morphology of male palps (Figs 63–64; shapes of male palpal tarsus and procursus tip, larger uncus, complex appendix with retrolateral process) and by female internal genitalia (Figs 66–67; distinctive median triangular sclerite). From other close relatives also by combination of pale coloration (Figs 52–53), shape of male palpal trochanter apophysis (curved, proximally wide, distally pointed; Fig. 64), and shape and position of pore plates (Fig. 67).</p> Etymology <p>The species name is derived from the type locality; noun in apposition.</p> Type material <p>THAILAND: holotype, ♂, ZFMK (Ar 15028), Nakhon Si Thammarat, Khao Nan National Park, Tham Khao Lek (8°46.09' N, 98°43.68' E), 95 m a.s.l., on rock walls around cave, 10 Mar. 2015 (B.A. Huber, B. Petcharad).</p> Other material examined <p>THAILAND: 6 ♂♂, 5 ♀♀, 2 juvs, ZFMK (5 ♂♂, 4 ♀♀, Ar 15029–30) and PSUZC (1 ♂, 1 ♀), same data as holotype; 1 ♂, 2 ♀♀, 3 juvs, in absolute ethanol, ZFMK (Mal 350), same data.</p> <p> <b>Description</b></p> <p> <b>Male</b> (holotype)</p> <p>MEASUREMENTS. Total body length 4.6, carapace width 1.3. Leg 1: 48.6 (11.6 + 0.6 + 11.7 + 22.8 + 1.9), tibia 2: 7.9, tibia 3: 4.5, tibia 4: 6.3; tibia 1 L/d: 95. Distance PME-PME 340 µm, diameter PME 125 µm, distance PME-ALE ~35 µm; distance AME-AME 50 µm; diameter AME 55 µm.</p> <p>COLOR. Carapace pale ochre-yellow with pair of light brown marks posteriorly; ocular area and clypeus not darkened; sternum light brown with lighter marks and dark lateral margins; legs ochre-yellow with dark brown patellae and tibia-metatarsus joints; abdomen monochromous ochre-gray.</p> <p>BODY. Habitus as in Fig. 53; ocular area slightly raised, with brushes of stronger hairs behind each PME (Figs 68–69); carapace without median furrow; clypeus unmodified; sternum wider than long (0.84/0.52), unmodified. ALS with one widened, one pointed, and six smaller cylindrically shaped spigots of varying sizes (Fig. 78).</p> <p>CHELICERAE. As in Fig. 65, with pair of distal frontal apophyses provided with two to three modified (cone-shaped) hairs each (Fig. 70), pair of rounded lateral processes, and pair of small indistinct proximal frontal humps.</p> <p>PALPS. As in Figs 63–64; coxa unmodified; trochanter with large retrolatero-ventral apophysis; femur proximally widened on ventral side, with small retrolatero-dorsal apophysis; tarsus without dorsal elongation; procursus rather simple (Figs 71–72), with prolateral weakly sclerotized process and transparent membranous structures; procursus tip as in Fig. 75; bulb with distinctive uncus and appendix with retrolateral process (Fig. 73); weakly sclerotized short embolus.</p> <p>LEGS. Without spines and curved hairs; few vertical hairs; retrolateral trichobothrium on tibia 1 at 6%; prolateral trichobothrium absent on tibia 1, present on other tibiae; tarsus 1 with> 30 pseudosegments, distally fairly distinct. Tarsus 4 comb-hairs as in Fig. 71.</p> <p> <b>Male</b> (variation)</p> <p>Tibia 1 in 5 other males: 10.1–12.8 (mean 11.7). Some males with white marks on abdomen.</p> Female <p>In general similar to male (Fig. 52) but without stronger hairs behind PME; eye triads closer together than in male (PME-PME distance: 220 µm). Tibia 1 in 5 females: 8.7–10.1 (mean 9.3). Epigynum weakly sclerotized bulging area, only posterior area more strongly sclerotized, with small but distinct ‘knob’ (Figs 66, 77, 99–100); internal genitalia as in Figs 67 and 101, with anterior arch and distinctive triangular sclerite visible through cuticle.</p> Natural history <p>This species was abundant at the type locality on vertical and slightly overhanging smooth rocks. Specimens were observed tightly pressed against the rock surface, in some cases with a small domed web nearby. When disturbed, the spiders dropped to the ground.</p> Distribution <p>Known from type locality only (Fig. 57).</p>Published as part of <i>Berhard A. Huber, Booppa Petchard, Charles Leh Moi Ung, Joseph K. H. Koh & Amir R. M. Ghazali, 2016, The Southeast Asian Pholcus halabala species group (Araneae, Pholcidae): new data from field observations and ultrastructure, pp. 1-55 in European Journal of Taxonomy 190</i> on pages 21-24, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2016.190, <a href="http://zenodo.org/record/831004">http://zenodo.org/record/831004</a>
