1,721,083 research outputs found
Hazard identification and risk evaluation in the metal industry: the epigenetic challenge
No full textRisk of prematurity, low birthweight and pre-eclampsia in relation to working hours and physical activities: a systematic review.
No full textWork activities and risk of prematurity, low birth weight and pre-eclampsia: an updated review with meta-analysis
No full textExposure to Air Pollutants During Pregnancy and Outcomes at Birth: An Epidemiological Study in Lombardy, Italy, 2004-2008.
No full textAmbient Air Pollution Affects Birth and Placental Weight. A Study from Lombardy (Italy) Region
No full text[Epidemiology of illnesses and musculoskeletal disorders in grocery stores and catering]
No full textLarge scale retail industry and catering industry are characterized by the widespread presence of several risk factors of work-related musculoskeletal disorders (WMSD): repetitive movements, incongruous postures and manual handling tasks. We reviewed current epidemiological evidence related to musculoskeletal disorders within these two sectors, distinguishing between symptoms and clinically documented disorders. In retail industry cashier is the most investigated figure, regarding upper limbs disorders as a consequence of repetitive tasks. In the catering sector there are few studies, mostly focused only on the job as a cook. The majority of studies showed a high prevalence of WMSD and, to a lesser extent, a high frequency ofmusculoskeletal alterations; suggesting the presence of a not negligible risk. These findings, however, are affected by a number of methodological limitations: they derive from cross-sectional studies, are based on voluntary self-selected workers, are focused on not unequivocally defined health outcomes, and are usually lacking a proper comparison. with the prevalence in less exposed/reference working groups. In order to achieve an effective control of the workers' risk, it is therefore necessary to design and conduct prospective studies that compare the risk of developing disorders and/or diseases in workers exposed to different levels of biomechanical load. It appears essential to involve occupational physicians in active health surveillance programs in order to identify critical areas and to develop effective preventive measures
Aggiornamento della valutazione del rischio chimico nelle aziende ospedaliere in funzione dei regolamenti europei Reach e Clp.
No full textImpact of ambient air pollution on birth outcomes: systematic review of the current evidences.
No full textThere is growing interest in the possible association between maternal exposure to air pollutants and reproductive outcomes, particularly birth weight and gestational duration. Four systematic reviews of data were published in 2004-2005, but the wide variability of methods and results among the different studies produced conflicting conclusions. This study was done to establish whether recent literature has provided more conclusive evidence regarding a link between air pollutants and birth outcomes.We reviewed 18 original epidemiological studies on maternal exposure to particulate matter (PM), NO2, CO and O3, and outcomes of preterm delivery or low birth weight published since 2004.Large variability across studies in design, precision in maternal georeferentiation, methods in exposure assessment, and type of pollutant considered, limited the strength of the evidence of adverse affects of ambient air pollution on birth outcomes. Nevertheless, evidence suggests exposure to particulate matter, especially at its finest fraction (PM25), may have the potential to adversely affect birth weight. We further found limited evidence of a possible association between maternal exposure to air pollutants during the first trimester and increased risk of preterm delivery.The observed adverse effects were generally small. However, possible important factors such as maternal activity pattern, diet, smoking and occupation, that are usually not reported on the birth certificate, might have led to exposure misclassification and confounding and could have hidden moderately increased risks. In conclusion, additional studies since 2004 have not been able to conclusively show a definitive correlation between air pollution and adverse birth outcomes; although it appears that small size particulate matter could affect birth weight. Additional well-conducted studies that include detailed information on maternal risk factors and using validated models for estimating maternal exposure are needed to establish the extent of the association between air pollution and birth outcomes
Risk of prematurity, low birthweight and pre-eclampsia in relation to working hours and physical activities: a systematic review
No full textBACKGROUND: Occupational activities are suspected of having an adverse impact on outcomes of pregnancy. AIM: To assess the evidence relating three major adverse outcomes (preterm delivery, low birthweight (LBW) and pre-eclampsia/gestational hypertension) to five common occupational exposures (prolonged working hours, shift work, lifting, standing and heavy physical workload). METHODS: A systematic search of Medline and Embase (1966-December 2005) using combinations of keywords and medical subject heading terms was conducted. For each relevant paper, standard details were abstracted that were then used to summarise the design features of studies, to rate their methodological quality (completeness of reporting and potential for important bias or confounding) and to provide estimates of effect. For studies with similar definitions of exposure and outcome, pooled estimates of relative risk (RR) in meta-analysis were calculated. RESULTS: 53 reports were identified-35 on preterm delivery, 34 on birth weight and 9 on pre-eclampsia or gestational hypertension. These included 21 cohort investigations. For pre-term delivery, extensive evidence relating to each of the exposures of interest was found. Findings were generally consistent and tended to rule out a more than moderate effect size (RR >1.4). The larger and most complete studies were less positive, and pooled estimates of risk pointed to only modest or null effects. For small-for-gestational age, the position was similar, but the evidence base was more limited. For pre-eclampsia and gestational hypertension, it was too small to allow firm conclusions. CONCLUSIONS: The balance of evidence is not sufficiently compelling to justify mandatory restrictions on any of the activities considered in this review. However, given some uncertainties in the evidence base and the apparent absence of important beneficial effects, it may be prudent to advise against long working hours, prolonged standing and heavy physical work, particularly late in pregnancy. Our review identifies several priorities for future investigation
Differences among peritoneal and pleural mesothelioma: data from the Lombardy Region Mesothelioma Register (Italy).
No full textThe relationship between asbestos exposure and peritoneal mesothelioma (PEM) is under investigation. Some authors suggest that the association could be weaker than that observed for pleural mesothelioma (PLM).To compare individual, clinical and exposure characteristics of peritoneal and pleural mesothelioma cases that occurred in the Lombardy Region (Italy).Cases were drawn from the regional mesothelioma registry (base population > 9 million). We selected all PEM cases diagnosed between 2000 and 2007 (N = 110) and all PLM cases that occurred between 2000 and 2001 (N = 515). Asbestos exposure data (occupational, environmental/familial, or both) were collected by a standardized and validated questionnaire administered to each case or case's relative. Based on available chest CT scans, we also investigated the concomitant presence of asbestosis and/or pleural plaques as markers of asbestos exposure.PEM and PLM cases had similar proportions of occupational (around 60\%) and environmental/familial (7\%) asbestos exposure. The proportion of PEM subjects with co-existent occupational and environmental/familial exposures was, however, twice as high as PLM cases (6.1\% vs 3.1\%). Asbestosis and pleural plaques were more frequent in PEM than in PLM cases (7.7\% and 20.9\% vs 0.4\% and 12.1\%, respectively). No differences were detected for duration of exposure and latency among occupationally exposed cases.Our findings from a population-based Registry suggest that high cumulative asbestos exposures are the main risk factors not only for pleural but also for peritoneal mesothelioma
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