1,721,055 research outputs found
Metabolic syndrome, aging and involvement of oxidative stress
No full textThe prevalence of the metabolic syndrome, a cluster of cardiovascular risk factors associated with obesity and insulin resistance, is dramatically increasing in Western and developing countries. This disorder consists of a cluster of metabolic conditions, such as hypertriglyceridemia, hyper-low-density lipoproteins, hypo-high-density lipoproteins, insulin resistance, abnormal glucose tolerance and hypertension, that-in combination with genetic susceptibility and abdominal obesity-are risk factors for type 2 diabetes, vascular inflammation, atherosclerosis, and renal, liver and heart diseases. One of the defects in metabolic syndrome and its associated diseases is excess of reactive oxygen species. Reactive oxygen species generated by mitochondria, or from other sites within or outside the cell, cause damage to mitochondrial components and initiate degradative processes. Such toxic reactions contribute significantly to the aging process. In this article we review current understandings of oxidative stress in metabolic syndrome related disease and its possible contribution to accelerated senescence
Critical Role of NFκB in the Pathogenesis of Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease: A Widespread Key Regulator
No full textNon-alcoholic fatty liver disease is a chronic metabolic disorder representing the most common cause of chronic liver disease in western civilization and one of the main causes of cirrhosis with a significant impact on all-cause mortality in the most advanced phases. It is characterized by hepatic fat accumulation in the absence of significant ethanol consumption, virus infection or other specific causes of liver disease. Accumulation of fat in liver tissue occurs as a consequence of the imbalance between overconsumption of high-fat diet and increased de novo lipogenesis and decreased lipid disposal. Novel dietary and pharmacological therapies for the prevention of fatty liver disease and the progression to cirrhosis are an actual field of study but still poorly understood. In this perspective, the current review aims to summarise and clarify the transcription factor NFκB effects, which may exert among non-alcoholic fatty liver diseases and their progression. Through extensive previous research, it has become clear that several signaling pathways are involved: metabolic dysregulation (such as free fatty acids increase, adipokine alteration, insulin resistance), oxidative stress and inflammation contribute together in a "vicious circle" to the pathogenesis of non-alcoholic fatty liver diseases. Within this, NFκB signaling is a primary factor in inflammatory reactions and diseases, with important molecular connections between metabolic, oxidative, immune and inflammation systems
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