1,720,985 research outputs found
Editorial to selected papers from 2019 IEEE international workshop on “Metrology for Industry 4.0 and IoT”
No full textProblems of the advanced encryption standard in protecting Internet of Things sensor networks
No full textThis paper deals with a new field for electronic measurements in very-poor signal-to-noise-ratio conditions, related to experimental analysis of transducer networks cybersecurity. The security vulnerability of the most used cryptographic algorithm in Internet of Things sensor networks, the Advanced Encryption Standard (AES), is proved experimentally. To this aim, an improved version of state-of-the-art signature analysis of sensor power consumption (scatter attack) is exploited to discover the encryption key by a malicious smart soft micro-transducer. Attacking measurements are carried out by a commercial data acquisition micro-system, straightforward digital pre-processing, and suitable statistical analysis. An experimental case study, related to a successful attack to an 8-bit IoT microcontroller protected by AES-128 algorithm, is reported. The results highlight the need for the creation of an international standard of experimental characterization for IoT security
VR, AR, and 3-D User Interfaces for Measurement and Control
No full textThe topics of virtual, mixed, and extended reality have now become key areas in various fields of scientific and industrial applications, and the interest in them is made tangible by the numerous papers available in the scientific literature. In this regard, the Special Issue “VR, AR, and 3-D User Interfaces for Measurement and Control” received a fair number of varied contributions that analyzed different aspects of the implementation of virtual, mixed, and extended reality systems and approaches in the real world. They range from investigating the requirements of new potential technologies to the prediction verification of the effectiveness and benefits of their use, the analysis of the difficulties of interaction with graphical interfaces to the possibility of performing complex and risky tasks (such as surgical operations) using mixed reality viewers. All contributions were of a high standard and mainly highlight that measurement and control applications based on the new models of interaction with reality are by now increasingly ready to leave laboratory spaces and become objects and features of common life. The significant benefits of this technology will radically change the way we live and interact with information and the reality around us, and it will surely be worthy of further exploration, maybe even in a new Special Issue of Future Internet
Metrology for Agriculture and Forestry 2019
No full textThis Special Issue is focused on recent advances in integrated monitoring and modelling technologies for agriculture and forestry. The selected contributions cover a wide range of topics, including wireless field sensing systems, satellite and UAV remote sensing, ICT and IoT applications for smart farming
Lora-based Smart Sensor for PD Detection in Underground Electrical Substations
Full text linkThe paper deals with the development of an IoT smart sensor for the monitoring of Partial Discharges (PD) in underground substations. The sensor consists of (i) an ultrasonic receiver for the detection of discharges, (ii) a programmable conditioning circuit that adapts the output of the ultrasonic receiver to the noise floor of the environment, and (iii) a digital section of processing and transmission of eventual warning message if the presence of discharges is detected. Given the challenge of transmitting messages from underground substations, LoRaWAN has been adopted as transmission technology. In the paper, several tests for the sensor assessment have been reported. In particular, the analog section has been assessed through tests in high voltage laboratory; it was so possible to tailor the conditioning circuit to the ultrasonic signal and to establish the alarm thresholds, comparing the sensor signal with a reference instrument for PD detection based on the electrical method. The performance of the transmission module has been evaluated through on field tests, placing the transmission module in a manhole. Finally the entire smart sensor has been assessed through tests in a real electrical substation. All tests have shown that the developed sensor is capable of detecting discharges with a reliability comparable to reference systems currently used by electrical energy distributors, and that LoRaWAN transmission has remarkable reliability also in underground environments characterized by thick concrete walls and high electromagnetic interference
Experimental test of ECDSA digital signature robustness from timing-lattice attack
No full textAn experimental test of robustness to timing attack is reported for the widely used public-key cryptographic algorithm in IoT transducers, the Elliptic Curve Digital Signature Algorithm (ECDSA). To this aim, a timing-lattice attack is addressed on ECDSA of the firmware Library MbedTLS for ARM microcontrollers. Timing is assessed by measuring the execution time of ecdsa-write-signature of MbedTLS library implemented on an ARM Cortex-M4 microcontroller. The time intervals required to sign the messages, the messages themselves, and the signatures, are used to mount a lattice attack in order to discover ECDSA private key. Experimental results highlight the security of ECDSA function in MbedTLS library to the implemented attack
Buck-based dmppt emulator: A helpful experimental demonstration unit
No full textDistributed control strategy represents the most promising solution to enhance the lackluster energetic performance of mismatched PhotoVoltaic (PV) systems. Moreover, many factors that contribute to such poor performance are still to be explored. To fully understand the advantages offered by the Distributed Maximum Power Point Tracking (DMPPT) approach, the implementation of a DMPPT emulator is necessary. Based on the above needs, this paper describes the realization and use of a Buck-based DMPPT emulator and shows its high flexibility and potential. The realized device is capable to emulate the output current vs. voltage (I-V) characteristics of many commercial PV modules with a dedicated Buck DC/DC converter not only in controlled atmospheric conditions but also with different currents rating of the switching devices. The system implementation is based on a commercial power supply controlled by a low-cost Arduino board. Data acquisition is performed through a low-cost current and voltage sensor by using a multichannel board by National Instruments. Experimental results confirm the validity and potential of the proposed DMPPT emulator
Security vulnerability in Internet of Things sensor networks protected by Advanced Encryption Standard
No full textIn the new era of Internet of Things, the emerging of smart devices makes security and privacy the first requirements and the major challenges of a distributed network. Despite the implementation of security measures, as encryption mechanisms protecting sensor data, and cryptographic algorithms, various attacks seem to undermine the IoT devices security. This paper reports the preliminary results of a side-channel attack (scatter attack) addressed on an 8-bit IoT microcontroller protected by the Advanced Encryption Standard. The attack, based on an high-SNR data acquisition micro-system and a suitable statistical analysis, allows to discover part of the encryption key, demonstrating the security vulnerability of Internet of Things sensor networks protected by the AES
Extracting Information from Food-Related Textual Sources
No full textOften when we think of the world of analysis, we always think of numerical experimental data that will then have to be somehow processed and then visualized on a graph. In reality, analysis has no prejudice regarding the type of “data to be analyzed”. This can be a simple number and an image, a sound, or even a text. And it is precisely the analysis of texts, and in particular of the language used, that we will discuss in this article. This article aims to exploit Python libraries that allow Language Processing and text analysis in general to extract the information of interest
An Ontological Model to Represent Food Consumption Risks
No full textDigital technology innovation is vividly affecting the health and economic aspects of food production, distribution, and consumption. Goods in transit, trade, exotic products from countries where food and agricultural legislation is not necessarily as stringent as in Europe. But also, mass catering and large supermarket chains with distribution of products over long distances. And finally, great use of preserved products, which must be kept within the cold chain and which a blackout can put at risk. In this work we present an ontology model to describe the food supply chain and the risks related to it
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