197,424 research outputs found
Capire l'islam. Mito o realtà?
No full textC’è una “emergenza” legata all’Islam in Europa? Quella che lo rende, da un lato, una delle religioni meno comprese e più stereotipate del vecchio continente, percepita come radicale, e, dall’altro, una delle religioni minoritarie più significative dal punto di vista numerico. La finalità del libro è capire come e perché la fondamentale questione della compatibilità tra l’Islam e l’Occidente continui a insinuarsi nell’opinione comune, come domanda scontata che si crea e ricrea in modo ciclico e costante da quasi un ventennio. Si intende indagare il complesso intreccio che lega l’Islam contemporaneo al discorso pubblico sul fondamentalismo, sulla radicalizzazione, sulla violenza. L’originalità del saggio risiede nel fatto che non sono le risposte sull’Islam ma la comprensione delle domande rivolte all’Islam a costituirne il filo conduttore. Come e da quando si parla di radicalizzazione di matrice islamica? Perché alcuni segni sul corpo come la barba lunga e il velo integrale suscitano inquietudine se non allarme? Vogliamo capire le dinamiche storiche, sociologiche e antropologiche che portano la società occidentale a dover, oggi, intendere l’Islam come una “sfida”
Il collezionismo di antichità egee e cipriote fra XVIII e XX secolo: storia, caratteri e formazione delle raccolte archeologiche toscane
No full textAnti-inflammatory and antiosteo-clastogenesis properties of endogenous melanocortin receptor type 3 in experimental arthritis
No full textThe development of biological therapies has improved management of rheumatoid arthritis. However, costs and unresponsiveness to therapy in a sizeable proportion of patients limit their use, making it imperative to identify new targets for drug development programs. Here we investigated the melanocortin-receptor type 3 (MC3) pathway. Gene-deficient mice were subjected to a model of serum-transfer-induced arthritis and joints analyzed for gene expression (cytokines, MCs) and morphology. Pharmacological analyses were also conducted in this model. Osteoclastogenesis was studied from bone marrow cells. Mc3−/− mice displayed an exacerbated inflammatory arthritis, associated with prominent bone erosion and higher articular expression of Rankl. Osteoclastogenesis studied from Mc3−/− bone marrow cells revealed a higher degree of responsiveness to Rankl, linked to prolonged NF-κB activation compared to wild types. Up-regulation of a discrete set of inflammatory genes, including Il-1β, Il-6, and Nos2, was measured in Mc3−/− mice, and a marked up-regulation of joint Mc3 accompanied arthritis resolution in wild-type mice. Administration of an MC3 agonist, D[Trp8]-γ-MSH, attenuated disease incidence and severity in wild-type but not Mc3−/− mice. Overall, these findings identify MC3-mediated signaling as a beneficial pathway in experimental arthritis; hence this receptor is a novel target for the development of therapeutics for arthritis.—Patel, H. B., Bombardieri, M., Sampaio, A. L. F., D'Acquisto, F., Gray, M., Grieco, P., Getting, S. J., Pitzalis, C., Perretti, M. Anti-inflammatory and antiosteoclastogenesis properties of endogenous melanocortin receptor type 3 in experimental arthritis
The Azzati Collection from Florence to Montelupo Fiorentino, the late journey of a group of cypriote antiquties
No full textIncreased circulating levels and salivary gland expression of interleukin-18 in patients with Sjögren's syndrome: relationship with autoantibody production and lymphoid organization of the periductal inflammatory infiltrate
No full textIL-18, an immunoregulatory and proinflammatory cytokine, has been shown to play an important pathogenic role in Th1-driven autoimmune disorders. In this study, we evaluated the circulating levels and salivary-gland expression of IL-18 in patients with Sjögren's syndrome (SS), a mainly Th1-mediated disease. IL-18 serum levels were measured by ELISA in 37 patients with primary SS, 42 with rheumatoid arthritis, and 21 normal controls. We demonstrated high IL-18 serum levels in SS, similar to those in rheumatoid arthritis patients and significantly higher than in controls (P < 0.01). In addition, IL-18 serum concentrations were significantly higher in anti-SSA/Ro+ and anti-SSB/La+ than in anti-SSA/Ro- and anti-SSB/La- SS patients (respectively, P = 0.01, P < 0.01). Serum IL-18 correlated strongly with anti-SSA/Ro (P = 0.004) and anti-SSB/La (P = 0.01) titers. Salivary gland IL-18 expression was investigated by single/double immunohistochemistry in 13 patients with primary SS and in 10 with chronic sialoadenitis, used as controls. The expression of IL-18 was also examined in periductal inflammatory foci in relation to the acquisition of features of secondary lymphoid organs such as T–B compartmentalization, formation of follicular dendritic cell networks, and presence of germinal-center-like structures. IL-18 expression in SS salivary glands was detected in 28 of 32 periductal foci of mononuclear cells (87.5%), while no IL-18 production by infiltrating cells was detected in patients with chronic sialoadenitis. Within the inflammatory foci, IL-18 immunoreactivity co-localized almost exclusively with CD68+ macrophages. In addition, IL-18 was found in 15 of 19 foci (78.9%) with no evidence of T–B cell compartmentalization (nonsegregated) but in 100% of the segregated aggregates, both in T- and B-cell-rich areas. Strikingly, IL-18 was strongly expressed by CD68+ tingible body macrophages in germinal-centre-like structures both in SS salivary glands and in normal lymph nodes. IL-18 expression was observed in the ducts of all SS biopsies but in only 4 of 10 patients with nonspecific chronic sialoadenitis (P < 0.01). This study provides the first evidence of increased circulating levels and salivary gland expression of IL-18 in SS, suggesting an important contribution of this cytokine to the modulation of immune inflammatory pathways in this condition
Lo sviluppo di DigiDactic tools nella didattica museale tradizionale ed interattiva: casi studio di collezioni archeologiche egee e cipriote
No full textWhat is a Digidactic Archive? New Didactic tools for Epigraphy, Paleography and Philology
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