1,720,988 research outputs found
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Fremstillingen av samisk kultur i skolens læreplaner - et historisk perspektiv fra 1939 til 2020
No full textBakgrunnen for denne studien var mangel på forskning som sammenligner læreplaner og lærebøker sin omtale av samisk kultur og historie. Oppgaven belyser hvilken plass den samiske kulturen har i læreplaner. Den undersøker generell del og fagplanene for samfunnsfag på grunnskolenivå i hver læreplan, fra Normalplanen fra 1939 til Fagfornyelsen fra 2020. I tillegg ser den på lærebøker for de læreplaner og sammenligner. Her vil fokusområdet være hvor mye det står om samisk kultur og historie i de ulike lærebøkene til de forskjellige læreplanene. Oppgaven undersøker problemstillingen: I hvilken grad blir samisk kultur og historie omtalt i norske læreplaner og gjenspeiles kravene i læreplanen i norske lærebøker? I oppgaven er det gjort en kvalitativ analyse av læreplanene. Det er både gjort en kvantitativ og kvalitativ analyse av de utvalgte lærebøkene. Ved alle analysene er det utarbeidet forskningsspørsmål som har bidratt til å spisse undersøkelsen. Studien viser at det er stor variasjon i hvor mye samisk kultur omtales i de ulike læreplanene. Det skyldes flere faktorer, blant annet hvordan læreplanene er bygget opp, hvilken posisjon samene hadde i samfunnet og hvilke pedagogiske og politiske tendenser som var gjeldende ved hver plan. I tillegg er variasjonen stor i hvilket fokus de ulike lærebøkene gir det samiske. Ved to av tre læreplaner gjenspeiler ikke lærebøkene de kravene som fagplanene stiller på grunn av for lite lærestoff. Lærebøkene møter kravene som blir stilt ved en læreplan med mye lærestoff om samisk kultur og historie
"Norge"-ekspedisjonens endelikt: En studie av voldgiftsrettssaken mellom Roald Amundsen og Norsk Luftseiladsforening
Full text linkDenne masteroppgaven handler om rettssaken mellom Roald Amundsen og Norsk Luftseiladsforeningen etter «Norge»-ekspedisjonen i 1926. Da Roald Amundsen begynte å planlegge en ekspedisjon med luftskip i 1925, måtte han inkludere italienske Umberto Nobile, som var luftskipsingeniør. Dette betydde også at Italia ble inkludert i det allerede eksisterende samarbeidet mellom Amundsen og Norsk Luftseiladsforening. Samarbeidet bød på utfordringer og uenigheter, disse kulminerte under ekspedisjonen i mai 1926 da luftskipet fløy fra Svalbard til Alaska over Nordpolen. Etter landing nektet mannskapet å snakke sammen, og Luftseiladsforeningen ble stående som mellomledd. Utover sommeren 1926 havnet Amundsen i konflikt med Luftseiladsforeningen også. Det hele ble tatt til voldgiftsrettsak, for å løse de økonomiske tvistene, men det ble aldri fattet en kjennelse.
Denne oppgaven tar utgangspunkt i problemstillingen «Hvordan og hvorfor havnet «Norge»-ekspedisjonen i voldgiftsrettssak og hvordan foregikk rettssaken?». Den går inn i konflikten fra ekspedisjonen og opptakten til rettssaken etter ekspedisjonen for å finne svar på hva som førte til konflikt. Det blir brukt kilder som ikke er brukt før for å si noe nytt om problemene Roald Amundsen stod i den siste delen av livet. Hovedmålet for oppgaven er å sette både konflikten og rettssaken inn i en større sammenheng for å trekke linjer som ikke er blitt trukket opp i tidligere fremstillinger. I tillegg gir oppgaven flere perspektiver på både samarbeidet rundt «Norge»-ekspedisjonen og apparatet Amundsen fungerte i den siste tiden.This master's thesis is about the court case between Roald Amundsen and the Norwegian Aero Club after the “Norge” expedition in 1926. When Roald Amundsen began planning an expedition by airship in 1925, he had to include Italian Umberto Nobile, who was an airship engineer. This also meant that Italy was included in the already existing collaboration between Amundsen and the Norwegian Aero Club. The collaboration presented challenges and disagreements, culminating during the expedition in May 1926 when the airship flew from Svalbard to Alaska over the North Pole. After landing, the crew refused to talk to each other, and the Norwegian Aero Club was left as an intermediary. During the summer of 1926, Amundsen also came into conflict with the Norwegian Aero Club. The whole matter was taken to arbitration to resolve the financial disputes, but a ruling was never made.
This thesis is based on the question “How and why did the ‘Norge’ expedition end up in arbitration and how did the trial proceed?”. It examines the conflict from the expedition and the run-up to the trial after the expedition to find answers to what led to the conflict. It uses sources that have not been used before to say something new about the problems Roald Amundsen faced in the last part of his life. The main goal of the thesis is to put both the conflict and the trial into a larger context in order to draw lines that have not been drawn in previous presentations. In addition, the thesis provides several perspectives on both the collaboration around the “Norge” expedition and the apparatus in which Amundsen functioned in his final years
Effects of aripiprazole vs. haloperidol on brain activity in healthy volunteers
No full textSchizophrenia is a disorder characterized by positive symptoms, such as hallucinations and delusions, and negative symptoms, such as affect flatness and social withdrawal, in addition to cognitive impairment. Many of these symptoms have been associated with dopamine system disturbances. Schizophrenia is primarily treated with antipsychotic drugs, which are based on either dopamine D2 receptor antagonism (typicals), or dopamine D2 receptor antagonism in combination with other pharmacological properties (atypicals). Antipsychotics are relatively efficacious in treatment of positive symptoms, but are less effective treating negative and cognitive symptoms, and therefore new strategies are needed in drug development. One such strategy is based on partial agonism to the dopamine D2 receptor, and aripiprazole is a drug that belongs to this category.
The goal of this thesis was to examine possible alterations in behavior and brain activation resulting from single dose treatment of aripiprazole or haloperidol, a typical antipsychotic drug, compared to placebo. Two brain functions shown to be disturbed in psychosis were of particular interest: Handling of incentive salient stimuli by the motivational system (Study 2) and executive functioning (Study 3). Before performing the drug challenge study we aimed to design a reliable task to target the mesolimbic motivational system, and examine cortico-striatal connectivity (Study 1).
First, we designed a task inspired by the conditioned avoidance response (CAR) animal model, for use with functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) with bloodoxygen- level-dependent (BOLD) contrast. Then, this task, targeting incentive motivational salience, was applied without drug intervention. We showed that salient cues predicting aversive events were associated with stronger activations in the mesolimbic system, in particular the ventral striatum (VS), and with stronger connectivity between the VS and the frontal cortex (Study 1). Further, when participants doing this task were given haloperidol, the VS activation was diminished, while after aripiprazole the mesolimbic activation was intermediate of placebo and haloperidol (Study 2). In almost the same sample, when targeting executive functioning with the Tower of London problem-solving task, there were no significant differences in activation in the frontal cortex between participants given haloperidol and participants given aripiprazole (study 3). These results show that BOLD-fMRI is sensitive to changes from pharmacological manipulation. Further, the group difference in Study 2 implies different effects of haloperidol and aripiprazole, probably related to dopamine transmission.
Taken together, these results indicate that pharmacological fMRI studies add knowledge about current pharmacological treatment strategies, and that pharmacological fMRI may be a useful tool for facilitating drug development for schizophrenia as well as other mental disorders
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
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