20,138 research outputs found
Kentsel bina enerji modellemesi: zaman serisi analizi için dinamik ve veriye dayalı modellerin entegre edilmesi.
No full textThis study addresses a critical gap in Urban Building Energy Modeling (UBEM) by introducing an innovative hybrid approach that combines dynamic and statistical models. Previous hybrid studies faced challenges in result validation, model calibration, and delivering predictions at high temporal resolution. To fill this gap, the study presents an integrated UBEM for time-series analysis. The methodology involves creating a dynamic model for 13 buildings on a university campus, with key parameters calibrated using Bayesian Optimization. This calibration reduces the simulation's annual Mean Absolute Percentage Error (MAPE) from 21.56\% to 4.60\% and the monthly MAPE from 22.14\% to 9.90\%. The calibrated dynamic model's hourly energy consumption data is then incorporated into a statistical model, a Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) network utilized in time-series regression. The statistical model predicts the hourly energy consumption with an average R-squared value of 0.915. The proposed hybrid model facilitates the creation of synthetic hourly energy consumption data for urban building stocks. In this sense, the energy use patterns derived from the hourly consumption can be combined with the building characteristics to identify parameters that shape the building energy demand. The hybrid model can also optimize the building energy efficiency design by exploring various configurations in the building envelope and operational schedules and minimizing the energy consumption and the resultant environmental impact. When adapted to the urban scale, this hybrid model can provide valuable insights for urban planners in identifying high-demand areas and implementing energy-efficient interventions based on high-resolution temporal energy consumption data. Instead of testing energy and cost-efficiency scenarios using dynamic simulations, the proposed hybrid model can effectively monitor and control the hourly building energy use over time-series analysis once calibrated. This study underscores the potential of hybrid modeling in UBEM despite facing challenges, like complexities in generating the validation data from a limited number of metered energy consumption and computational constraints. In summary, this research introduces a robust hybrid UBEM and draws a roadmap for future research to comprehend urban building energy demand accurately. Future research includes reliability improvements for the validation and input data, efficient and precise dynamic modeling approaches, and utilizing thermal interactions between buildings within the statistical model.Bu çalışma, dinamik ve istatistiksel modelleri birleştiren yenilikçi bir hibrit yaklaşım sunarak Kentsel Bina Enerji Modellemesindeki (UBEM) kritik bir boşluğu dikkat çekmektedir. Önceki hibrit çalışmalar, sonuçların doğrulanması, model kalibrasyonu ve tahminlerin yüksek zamansal çözünürlükte sunulması konularında zorluklarla karşılaşıyordu. Bahsi geçen sorunlara çözüm üretmek amacıyla bu çalışma, istatiksel ve dinamik modelleri bütünleştiren bir hibrit model sunmaktadır. Bu kapsamda ilk olarak 13 binalık bir üniversite kampüsünün dinamik modeli oluşturulmuş, daha sonra bu modelin temel parametreleri Bayes Optimizasyonu kullanılarak kalibre edilmiştir. Kalibrasyon sonucunda dinamik model simülasyonunun yıllık Ortalama Mutlak Yüzde Hatası (MAPE) \%21,56'dan \%4,60'a ve aylık \%22,14'ten \%9,90'a düşmüştür. Kalibre edilen dinamik model daha sonra saatlik enerji tüketim verileri yaratmada kullanılmıştır. Bu tüketim verileri, çalışmanın bir diğer kısmı olan istatiksel modelin doğrulama verilerini teşkil etmektedir. İstatiksel modelde her bir bina için bir tür Özyinelemeli Sinir Ağı (RNN) olan Uzun Kısa Süreli Bellek (LSTM) modeli oluşturulmuş, daha sonra bu modeller zaman serisi regresyon analiziyle binaların saatlik enerji tüketimlerini tahmin etmede kullanılmıştır. Regresyon sonuçlarına göre modellerin ortalama determinasyon katsayısı (R-sqaured) 0.915'tir. Önerilen hibrit model, kentsel bina stokları için sentetik saatlik enerji tüketimi verilerinin oluşturulmasını kolaylaştırmaktadır. Bu anlamda, saatlik tüketimlerden elde edilen enerji kullanım davranışları, binaların enerji talebini şekillendiren parametreleri belirlemek için binaların ayırt edici özellikleriyle birleştirilebilir (ör. yalıtım bilgileri) . Hibrit model aynı zamanda bina kabuğundaki ve operasyonel programlardaki çeşitli konfigürasyonları keşfederek enerji tüketimini ve bunun sonucunda ortaya çıkan çevresel etkiyi en aza indirebilir. Bu sayede önerilen hibrit model enerji verimli bina tasarımında değerlendirilebilir. Saatlik çözünürlükteki bina enerji tüketimi verilerini tahmin edebilen bu hibrit model, kentsel ölçeğe uyarlandığında kent planlayıcılarına yüksek enerji tüketen bölgelerin belirlenmesi ve bu bölgeler için gerekli önlemlerin alınması konusunda değerli bilgiler sağlayabilir. Önerilen hibrit model, dinamik simülasyonlar üzerinden enerji ve maliyet verimliliği senaryolarını test etmek yerine, istatiksel modelin sunduğu zaman serisi analizi yöntemiyle saatlik bina enerji kullanımını etkili bir biçimde tahmin edebilir ve kontrol edebilir. Bu çalışmada, doğrulama verileri oluşturulurken ölçülmüş tüketim verisine sahip ay sayısının az olması ve simülasyon ve tahminlerin yoğun hesaplama gücüne ve uzun bir zamana ihtiyaç duyması gibi sorunlarla karşılaşılmıştır. Fakat tüm zorluklara rağmen bu çalışma, UBEM alanındaki hibrit modellerin potansiyeline dikkat çekmiştir. Özetle, bu araştırma güçlü bir hibrit UBEM'i tanıtırken kentsel bina enerji talebini doğru şekilde anlamak için gelecekteki araştırmalara bir yol haritası çizmektedir. Gelecekteki yürütülmesi planlanan araştırmalar arasında doğrulama ve girdi verilerinin güvenilirliğinin iyileştirilmesi, verimli ve tutarlı dinamik modelleme yöntemlerinin geliştirilmesi ve binalar arasındaki termal etkileşimi göz önüne alan parametrelerin istatiksel modele tanıtılması yer almaktadır
Review of uncertainties in building characterization for urban-scale energy modeling
No full textBottom-up modeling appears to be a suitable approach for the urban-scale building energy performance assessment with providing valuable inferences on the complicated building energy patterns and helping authorities monitor/predict the energy demand for urban planning and retrofitting. Archetype characterization is the utmost challenging process when developing bottom-up models since there is a large diversity in characteristic features of building stocks. This gap induces practitioners to seek stochastic methods even though the deterministic approaches are solid guides in archetype characterization. Hence, the research objective of this study is to provide insights into the motivation, challenges, and methods of the studies conducted to assess the buildings' energy demand at the urban scale. The original value of this research is to analyze/question different archetype characterization methods and their practicability over wide-ranging studies, identify the most crucial characterization parameters and assess the validation techniques to enhance the demand estimations of urban building energy models (UBEMs). To that end, this study performs a literature review and mainly provides the following findings: (1) The required characterization method is highly dependent on the purpose and scope of the study. (2) The Bayesian calibration makes ground in UBEM practices as it consolidates the models' estimation power through the probabilistic archetype characterization. (3) Considering the notable fluctuations in buildings' energy demand induced by occupancy patterns, detailed occupancy profiles could improve the archetype characterization. Finally, the major setback is the lack of available data to characterize energy models with building-specific information. (4) Building information models (BIMs) could soon play a pivotal role in supplying such data for UBEM practices. This study contributes to the literature by fulfilling the lack of perspective that concentrates on the archetype characterization methods in UBEM. The findings could help practitioners (e.g., policymakers and city planners) and academics to comprehend the potential of the UBEM that improves energy management strategies at the urban scale
Feature extraction for enhancing data-driven urban building energy models
No full textBuilding energy demand assessment plays a crucial role in designing energy-efficient building stocks. However, most studies adopting a data-driven approach feel the deficiency of datasets with building-specific information in building energy consumption estimation. Hence, the research objective of this study is to extract new features within the climate, demographic, and building use type categories and increase the accuracy of a non-parametric regression model that estimates the energy consumption of a building stock in Seattle. The results show that adding new features to the original dataset from the building use type category increased the regression results with a 6.8% less error and a 30.8% higher R2 Score. Therefore, this study shows that building energy consumption estimation can be enhanced via new feature extraction equipped with domain knowledge
Synthetic data generation and energy consumption prediction in district building energy modeling
No full textThis study presents a novel district building energy model by integrating the strengths of dynamic and statistical models. This multitier model can generate hourly synthetic energy consumption data for urban building stocks by incorporating building characteristics and local weather data and predict hourly building energy consumption. The methodology involves the following steps: (1) A dynamic model is created, and its key parameters are calibrated according to monthly metered data. (2) The calibrated dynamic model is then utilized to generate synthetic hourly energy consumption data. (3) Finally, statistical models are trained on synthetic data to predict hourly building energy consumption. Once the proposed methodology is tested on a university campus, the calibration reduces the monthly simulation error to an 11.9% Coefficient of Variation of the Root Mean Square Error (CV-RMSE) based on available metered energy consumption data, and the final statistical model predicts the hourly building energy consumption with a 1.5% CV-RMSE. This multitier model offers valuable insights for urban planners in identifying high-demand areas and implementing energy-efficient interventions by generating synthetic hourly energy consumption data.TÜBİTA
Writing from the shadowlands: how cross-cultural literature negotiates the legacy of Edward Said
No full textThis thesis examines the impact of Edward Said's influential work Orientalism and its legacy in respect of contemporary reading and writing across cultures. It also questions the legitimacy of Said's retrospective stereotyping of early examples of cross-cultural representation in literature as uncompromisingly 'orientalist'.
It is well known that the release of Edward Said's Orientalism in 1978 was responsible for the rise of a range of cultural and critical theories from multiculturalism to postcolonialism. It was a study that not only polarized critics and forced scholars to re-examine orientalist archives, but persuaded creative writers to re-think their ethnographic positions when it came to the literary representations of cultures other than their own. Without detracting from the enormous impact of Said, this thesis isolates gaps and silences in Said that need correcting. Furthermore, there is an element of intransigence, an uncompromising refusal to fine-tune what is essentially a binary discourse of the West and its other in Said's work, that encourages the continued interrogation of power relations but which, because of its very boldness, paradoxically disallows the extent to which the conflict of cultures indeed produced new, hybrid social and cultural formations.
In an attempt to challenge the severity of Said's claim that 'every European, in what he could say about the Orient, was consequently a racist, an imperialist, and almost totally ethnocentric', the thesis examines a number of different discursive contexts in which such a presumption is challenged. Thus while the second chapter discusses the 'traditional' profession-based orientalism of nineteenth-century E. G. Browne, the third considers the anti-imperialism of colonial administrator Leonard Woolf. The fourth chapter provides a reflection on the difficulties of diasporic 'orientalism' through the works of Michael Ondaatje while chapter five demonstrates the effects of the dialogism used by Amitav Ghosh as a defence against 'orientalism'. The thesis concludes with an examination of contemporary writing by Andrea Levy that appositely illustrates the legacy of Said's influence.
While the restrictive parameters of Said's work make it difficult to mount a thorough-going critique of Said, this thesis shows that, indeed, it is within the restraints of these parameters and in the very discourse that Said employs that he traps himself. This study claims that even Said is susceptible to 'orientalist' criticism in that he is as much an 'orientalist' as those at whom he directs his polemic
201in.TR Yetkinlik Tablosu
No full textThe Competency Table organises Competency Items and provide a structure for:
Developing assessment modules for evaluating and comparing the abilities of individuals, groups and whole organisations.
Developing competency-based certification regimes and accreditation programmes.
Developing learning units and competency-based educational programmes.
Identifying competency profiles of varied roles across markets and disciplines
What said the economic theory about Portugal. Another approach
No full textWith this work we try to analyse the agglomeration process in the Portuguese regions, using the New Economic Geography models. This work aims to test, also, the Verdoorn Law, with the alternative specifications of (1)Kaldor (1966), for the 28 NUTS III Portuguese in the period 1995 to 1999. It is intended to test the alternative interpretation of (2)Rowthorn (1975). With this study we want, also, to test the Verdoorn´s Law at a regional and a sectoral levels (NUTs II) for the period 1995-1999. The importance of some additional variables in the original specification of Verdoorn´s Law is yet tested, such as, trade flows, capital accumulation and labour concentration. This study analyses, also, through cross-section estimation methods, the influence of spatial effects in productivity in the NUTs III economic sectors of mainland Portugal from 1995 to 1999, considering the Verdoorn relationship. The aim of this paper is, yet, to present a contribution, with panel data, to the analysis of absolute convergence and conditional of the sectoral productivity at regional level (from 1995 to 1999). The structural variables used in the analysis of conditional convergence is the ratio of capital/output, the flow of goods/output and location ratio.new economic geography; Verdoorn law; convergence; cross-section and panel data; Portuguese regions
What said the new economic geography about Portugal? An alternative approach
No full textWith this work we try to analyse the agglomeration process in Portugal, using the New Economic Geography models, in a linear and in a non linear way. In a non linear way, of referring, as summary conclusion, that with this work the existence of increasing returns to scale and low transport cost, in the Portuguese regions, was proven and, because this, the existence of agglomeration in Portugal. We pretend, also, in a linear way to explain the complementarily of clustering models, associated with the New Economic Geography, and polarization associated with the Keynesian tradition. As a summary conclusion, we can say which the agglomeration process shows some signs of concentration in Lisboa e Vale do Tejo and the productivity factor significantly improves the results that explain the regional clustering in Portugal. The aim of this paper is to analyze, yet, the relationship between the regional industry clustering and the demand for labor by companies in Portugal. Again, the results are consistent with the theoretical developments of the New Economic Geography, namely the demand for labor is greater where transport costs are lower and where there is a strong links "backward and forward" and strong economies of agglomeration.new economic geography; linear and non linear models; Portuguese regions
Nobody Said Not to Go The Life, Loves, and Adventures of Emily Hahn
No full textCover Page -- Title Page -- Dedication -- Contents -- Preface -- Introduction -- I In the Beginning -- 1 -- 2 -- 3 -- 4 -- 5 -- 6 -- II "First, We'll Take Manhattan" -- 7 -- 8 -- 9 -- III Traveling Light in the Dark Continent -- 10 -- 11 -- 12 -- 13 -- IV China -- 14 -- 15 -- 16 -- 17 -- 18 -- 19 -- V Hong Kong: Sunset on the Empire -- 20 -- 21 -- 22 -- 23 -- 24 -- 25 -- VI Happily Ever After? -- 26 -- 27 -- 28 -- 29 -- 30 -- 31 -- Afterword -- Notes -- Bibliography -- Index -- About the Author -- Copyright PageDescription based on publisher supplied metadata and other sources.Electronic reproduction. Ann Arbor, Michigan : ProQuest Ebook Central, YYYY. Available via World Wide Web. Access may be limited to ProQuest Ebook Central affiliated libraries
Method for removing a high definition nanostructure, a partly freestanding layer, a sensor comprising said layer and a method using said sensor
No full textThe present invention is in the field of a method for removing a high definition nanostructure in a partly free-standing layer, the layer, a sensor comprising said layer, a use of said sensor, and a method of detecting a species, and optional further characteristics thereof, using said sensor. The sensor and method are suited for detecting single ions, molecules, low concentrations thereof, and identifying sequences of base pairs, e.g. in a DNA-strand.QN/Quantum NanoscienceApplied Science
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