99,516 research outputs found
Saotherium Boisserie 2005, GEN. NOV.
No full textGENUS SAOTHERIUM GEN. NOV. <p> <i>Description</i></p> <p> <i>Diagnosis:</i> Hexaprotodont, with the following apomorphies: cranial roof showing an antorbital angle</p> <p>10Mya in lateral view; skull very high above the molars; slender mandibular symphysis in the sagittal plane. Also exhibiting these plesiomorphic or convergent features: orbits below the cranial roof; slender zygomatic arches; cylindrical braincase; slender and low sagittal crest; laterally developed occipital plate; maxillary process of the frontal separating the nasal and the lachrymal bones; short extension of the canine processes; lingual border of the lower cheek tooth alveolar process lower than the labial border.</p> <p> <i>Type species: Saotherium mingoz</i>, from Kollé (Chad), Lower Pliocene (Boisserie <i>et al.</i>, 2003).</p> <p> <i>Other material:</i> <i>Saotherium</i> cf. <i>mingoz</i>, from Kossom Bougoudi (Chad), Lower Pliocene (Boisserie <i>et al.</i>, 2003).</p> <p> <i>Remarks:</i> The diagnosis is the same as for the type species, excluding those characters that differentiate the two known taxa, or that have not been seen in both forms.</p> <p> <i>Etymology:</i> From the ‘Sao’, an enigmatic medieval civilization known in the Chad basin (Lange, 1989).</p> <p> <i>Geographical distribution:</i> Djurab desert, Lake Chad basin (Chad, Central Africa).</p> <p> <i>Temporal distribution:</i> early Pliocene, between the Mio-Pliocene boundary and 4.0 Mya (see Brunet <i>et al.</i>, 1998; Brunet & MPFT, 2000).</p> <p> <i>Discussion</i></p> <p> In their description (Boisserie <i>et al.</i>, 2003), the two Djurab Pliocene hippos are shown to possess an association of original cranial features: the antorbital angle of the cranial roof and the correlated anterior convergence of the nasal toward the palate; the important relative height of the skull above the molars; the elongated braincase with a rounded transversal section and a weak postorbital constriction (‘cylindrical’ aspect). In this respect, these hippopotamids differ considerably from the other known hippos. For this reason, Boisserie <i>et al.</i> (2003) evoked an independent hippo lineage in central Africa originating at the Mio-Pliocene boundary if not before. This opinion is confirmed by the position of these forms in the parsimony analysis (Figs 6, 7), showing also many primitive traits in this morphology. The mandibular morphology, especially the symphysial sagittal section between the central incisors (see Fig. 9), reinforces this position; the association of a general thinness and of a very inclined main axis differs from the conditions seen in the other Hippopotamidae. Finally, it appears that the two Djurab Pliocene hippopotamids constitute a peculiar lineage. Following the above discussion, this lineage is separated here from all other Hippopotamidae at the generic level.</p> <p> On the other hand, the parsimony analysis relates these Pliocene hippopotamids to the extant Liberian hippo. However, the long list of convergences accumulated by the latter taxon, its apomorphies and autapomorphies (see below) and the absence of the peculiar cranial structure of <i>Saotherium</i> obviously differentiate these animals. In fact, these taxa mainly share character states that are plesiomorphic or convergent with other taxa in the analysis, with the exception of the enlarged orbit size (character 8, state 1, see Fig. 3 and the above results). However, given the available data, it is difficult to define the most probable primitive state of this feature and hence its probable evolutionary trend. Therefore, this relationship must be carefully envisaged, but not completely ignored.</p> <p> <i>Evolutionary trends:</i> The comparison of the Kossom Bougoudi material and the younger Kollé material led Boisserie <i>et al.</i> (2003) to propose some possible evolutionary trends: a relative shortening of the premolar row and a global size decrease.</p>Published as part of <i>Boisserie, Jean-Renaud, 2005, The phylogeny and taxonomy of Hippopotamidae (Mammalia: Artiodactyla): a review based on morphology and cladistic analysis, pp. 1-26 in Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 143 (1)</i> on pages 12-15, DOI: 10.1111/j.1096-3642.2004.00138.x, <a href="http://zenodo.org/record/5431832">http://zenodo.org/record/5431832</a>
Lesur J., 2007, Chasse et élevage dans la Corne de l'Afrique entre le Néolithique et les temps historiques
No full textBoisserie Jean-Renaud. Lesur J., 2007, Chasse et élevage dans la Corne de l'Afrique entre le Néolithique et les temps historiques. In: Annales d'Ethiopie. Volume 25, année 2010. pp. 303-306
Figure 5. Dental character states. A in The phylogeny and taxonomy of Hippopotamidae (Mammalia: Artiodactyla): a review based on morphology and cladistic analysis
No full textFigure 5. Dental character states. A, upper canine cross section (from left to right: in Anthracokeryx ulnifer, in Hippopotamus amphibius, in Hexaprotodon bruneti, in Hex. harvardi). B, outline of the P1/alveolus (bottom: in Hex. protamphibius, top: in Hex. sivalensis). C, occlusal view of the P3/ (left: in Hex. bruneti, right: in Hex. protamphibius). D, occlusal view of the P4/ (left: in Hex. harvardi, right: both in Hex. protamphibius). E, occlusal view of the P/4 (left: in Hex. mingoz, right: in Hex. aethiopicus).Published as part of Boisserie, Jean-Renaud, 2005, The phylogeny and taxonomy of Hippopotamidae (Mammalia: Artiodactyla): a review based on morphology and cladistic analysis, pp. 1-26 in Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 143 (1) on page 8, DOI: 10.1111/j.1096-3642.2004.00138.x, http://zenodo.org/record/543183
Figure 4. Mandibular character states. A in The phylogeny and taxonomy of Hippopotamidae (Mammalia: Artiodactyla): a review based on morphology and cladistic analysis
No full textFigure 4. Mandibular character states. A, dorsal view of Hexaprotodon aff. sahabiensis mandible. B, dorsal view of Hippopotamus amphibius mandible. C, dorsal view of Hex. karumensis mandible. D, sagittal cross section (at the I/1-I/1 diastema) of the symphysis (bottom: in Hex. sivalensis, top: in Hip. amphibius); E, three schematic anterior views of the symphysis (from left to right: in Hex. mingoz, in some Hex. protamphibius, in Hex. bruneti). F, three schematic lateral views of the vertical ramus (from bottom to top: in Hip. amphibius, in Hex. sivalensis, in Anthracokeryx ulnifer).Published as part of Boisserie, Jean-Renaud, 2005, The phylogeny and taxonomy of Hippopotamidae (Mammalia: Artiodactyla): a review based on morphology and cladistic analysis, pp. 1-26 in Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 143 (1) on page 7, DOI: 10.1111/j.1096-3642.2004.00138.x, http://zenodo.org/record/543183
[Report to Chief J. E. Curry, by an unknown author #1]
No full textReport to Chief J. E. Curry, by an unknown author. The report contains a list of officers who gave depositions to the United States Attorney
[Report to Chief J. E. Curry, by an unknown author #2]
No full textReport to Chief J. E. Curry, by an unknown author. The report contains a list of officers who gave depositions to the United States Attorney
Murder on the mountain: author talk with Peter J. Wosh
No full textAuthor talk by Peter J. Wosh on May 5th, 2022, on his book, "Murder on the Mountain: crime, passion, and punishment in gilded age New Jersey.
Mr. Melvin J. Collier, RWWL AUC, June 2011
No full textThis video is a conversation with Mr. Melvin J. Collier. Mr. Collier talks about his book, "From Mississippi to Africa: A Journey of Discovery". Daniel Le, AUC Woodruff Library, is the interviewer
Figure 9 in The phylogeny and taxonomy of Hippopotamidae (Mammalia: Artiodactyla): a review based on morphology and cladistic analysis
No full textFigure 9. Mandibular anatomy within the Hippopotamidae. This figure shows the new taxonomic divisions of the family Hippopotamidae and, for each discussed taxon, some of the mandibular characters that provided additional support to the clades identified in the parsimony analysis (boxes in this figure). These features include: the general shape of the mandible, with expansion of the canine processes and relative length of the symphysis (seen in the dorsal outlines); the shape of the symphysis sagittal cross section; the length of the premolar row relative to the length of the molar row. The figure shows the following features for the taxa listed under each genus name: Saotherium, very inclined symphysis with thin cross-section and poorly developed canine processes; Archaeopotamus, relatively long and shallow symphysis with poorly developed canine processes and longer premolar rows than in any other clade; Hexaprotodon, wide symphysis but with poorly differentiated canine processes, very robust symphysis in cross section; Choeropsis, very short symphysis globular in cross section and poorly developed canine processes; Hippopotamus and aff. Hippopotamus, short symphysis globular in crosssection (lacking a projected incisor alveolar process) and strong extension of the canine processes – the latter feature being not salient in the Afar species (aff. Hip. coryndoni, aff. Hip. afarensis) and aff. Hip. cf. protamphibius from Kanapoi.Published as part of Boisserie, Jean-Renaud, 2005, The phylogeny and taxonomy of Hippopotamidae (Mammalia: Artiodactyla): a review based on morphology and cladistic analysis, pp. 1-26 in Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 143 (1) on page 13, DOI: 10.1111/j.1096-3642.2004.00138.x, http://zenodo.org/record/543183
A Tripartite Post-Recession Rebalancing
No full textIn this latest Advance & Rutgers Report, entitled “A Tripartite Post-Recession Rebalancing,” Dean James W. Hughes and Professor Joseph J. Seneca deliver an incisive assessment of the current market conditions and obstacles in the path of our economic recovery. They offer a statistical cautionary tale that the private and public sector need to hear and acknowledge in order for the economy to make continued progress.This report was published as Issue Paper Number 7, November 2011, in Advance & Rutgers Report
- …
