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Травелог второй̆ степени: «Письма из Норвегии» Исидоры Секулич как претекст книги о Норвегии Виды Огненович / Travelog vtoroj stepeni: "Pis'ma iz Norvegii" Isidory Sekulič kak pretekst knigi o Norvegii Vidy Ognenovič [A travelogue of the second degree: “The Letters from Norway” by Isidora Sekulić as a pretext of the book about Norway of Vida Ognjenović]
No full textThe work of the Serbian writer Vida Ognjenović “A Travel to a Travelogue” (2004) is dedicated to her stay in Norway and the per-ception of this country through the prism of the well-known Serbian travelogue “The Letters from Norway” (1914) by Isidora Sekulić. Ognjenović’s text contains not only impressions of life in Norway, but also a reflection on the travelogue genre, on the text of her predecessor and the controversy caused by Sekulić’s work. Within the framework of Serbian literature, “The Letters from Nor-way” became a hypotext for the perception of Norwegian culture. In addition to the extensive metatextual layer Ognjenović’s work contains “The Letters to Isidorа Sekulić from Norway”, in which the author addresses her predecessor in an epistolary form and tells her about the trip to Norway. Having studied the Norwegian route of Sekulić in detail, Ognjenović decided to repeat it and to share her impressions with an imaginary Sekulić. The hypertext by Ognjenović offers not only a new reading of the Sekulić’s travelogue, which has become a reference book for Serbian emigrants in Norway, but also contains a bold as-sumption that Sekulić’s “Letters” were addressed to the famous critic Jovan Skerlić, who would later call the writer “Scandiphile”, and would condemn her for lack of patriotism. Ognjenović’s travelogue with its in-tense intertextual connections and palimpsest elements has pronounced features of a postmodern text, but does not completely fit into the paradigm of postmodernism, occupying a borderline position between the veneration of Logos, of authority and the postmodern irony
"Der Fremde" als krank in jugoslawischen Reiseberichten der ersten Hälfte des 20. Jahrhunderts [A "stranger" as a sick person in Yugoslav travelogues of the first half of the 20th century)]
No full textThe paper deals with the connection between the figure of the ethnic “stranger” and the phenomenon of illness in Yugoslav travelogues in the second half of the 20th century. The author employs the methods of phenomenology, imagology and postcolonial and gender studies. The article analyzes travelogues of 4 authors: Alma Karlin, Jelena Dimitrijević, Isidora Sekulić, Rastko Petrović. Illnesses play an important role in Karlin’s travelogues. She writes about cholera, plague, smallpox, various skin diseases, malaria. Traveling in Africa, Petrović pays great attention to tropical diseases, leprosy, syphilis. Dimitriević breaks the stereotype of an oriental beauty bursting with health and talks about consumption as a typical illness in harems with their secluded mode of life. Traveling in Norway, Sekulić, who is fond of Norwegians, writes about cases of mental illness. The study explorers how the figure of the ethnic “stranger” is associated with the illness, and what lies at the basis of such association in the works of fiction under investigation. The recurrent motifs in the travelogues are both the own illness and those of the “stranger”. Other countries are represented as a space of illnesses that often have exotic flavor. The phenomenon of illness in the travelogues is also marked both geographically and ethnographically. The reasons for frequent depiction of illnesses in travelogues are different: heroization of the author’s own travels through the detailed descripton of dangers, and specifically illnesses, legitimation of female travels via indication of diseases that isolated and inactive lifestyle causes, and the creation of exotic atmosphere. It can be stated that the connection between the “stranger” and the illness indicates, first of all, the travelers’own fears of diseases, which appear to be attributes of the people of a different culture
Viaggio (al) femminile – scrittura – convertibilità del capitale: il caso di Alma Karlin
No full textThe research is dedicated to the female travel phenomenon and focuses on the travelogues of the German-language writer of Slovenian origin Alma Maximiliana Karlin
(1889-1950), in particular on the economic aspect of her mobility. The emphasis is
on the specific connection of three categories: women’s travel, women’s writing and
capital (both economic and cultural).
The theme of money often arises on the pages of the travelogues of this writer. During
the eight-year unaccompanied voyage, Karlin traveled to numerous countries, while
earning money for all her trips herself. Such a model of behavior of a woman at that
time was considered as very strange and even venturesome. In her ambitious multistage project, which could be called “Travel around the whole world and earn symbolic capital”, finance plays a huge role. Economic capital, obtained by her own work,
allows Karlin to travel, and then turns into a discourse, which, according to the plan
of the traveling writer, should become symbolic capital. The life and works of Alma
Karlin are difficult to consider in the framework of a single national identity. Having
Slovenian roots, she was born in Austria-Hungary, had a Yugoslavian citizenship later
in her life, and used German to write her works. Her works are of interest to a researcher, among all other reasons, due to the “borderline” story of her life that shows
how symbolic the category of nation is and gives serious reasons for studying into the
phenomenon of nationality being a social construct. Karlin’s travelogues contain numerous examples of her unsuccessful attempts to identify her own nationality. There
is a similar problem in her works perception as well. The case of Karlin is regarded as
a proof of a discursive character of the category of nationality. The paper deals with
the reception of Alma Karlin’s work both in Slovenia and in the German-language
research and art field in connection with the phenomenon of symbolic capital.
Keywords: women’s travel, travelogue, money and literature, symbolic capital, women’s writing, German-language literature, Slovenian literature, Alma Karli
Национализм и космополитизм в словенской литературе XXв./ Nationalism and cosmopolitanism in Slovenian literature of the 20th century
No full textTwo tendencies are present in Slovene literature: the «defensive nationalist» one that is concerned with the construction of national identity and the «cosmopolitical» one that aims to transcend the national boundaries. The interplay of these tendencies may be found in the work of three authors: Ivan Cankar, Alma M. Karlin, Polona Glavan. These problems are considered within the framework of Benedict Anderson’s theory of nationalism. The future correlation
of these two currents is offered as a theme for discussion
Reisebeschreibungen von slowenischen Autorinnen und ihre Problematik [Travel descriptions by Slovenian authors and their problems]
No full textThe purpose of this paper is to study the specificity of travelogues created by Slovenian female writers in the late 19th and early 20th century. The primary focus is on the texts of Luiza Pesjak, Marica Strnad,
Marica Gregorič Stepančič, Marija Kmet and Alma Karlin. Three aspects are considered in the paper: genre peculiarities of the texts (purposes of travel, categories “Own / Other / Alien”), gender and national issues and the
interconnection between them – it is a period of the active struggle of women for emancipation and a time of
intensive formation of national identity. The writings of the German-speaking author Alma Karlin as well as her
travels themselves stand out from the travelogues and journeys of other authors due to their scale. The aims of
travels are radically different. A. Karlin wants to explore the world; she compares herself with the pioneer explorer
Columbus. M. Gregorič-Stepančič also dreams of the precedence – she wants to be the first woman to visit the
North Pole. M. Strnad writes with irony about her role of the missionary in the “barbarian” Russia. The discovery
of the world beauty appears as a purpose of L. Pesjak’s travel, it correlates with the Romantic values. The texts in
question reflect the categories of “Own / Other / Alien” in different ways – some of them show an aversion and intolerance to the people of other races (Karlin, Strnad, Kmet), others demonstrate a fascination with other cultures
(Gregorič-Stepančič, Pesjak). Almost all the travelogues address both the issue of women’s rights (for example,
the dangers for women traveling unaccompanied, women’s situation in other countries, etc.) and the problem of
the national identity (national stereotypes, search for national identity, etc.). All the texts in Slovenian are marked
with Pan-Slavism; the female authors count themselves Slovenes and Slavs. In contrast, Karlin’s travelogues raise
the problem the loss of national identity
«Poor little Serbia»: первый сербский травелог об Америке / "Poor little Serbia": pervyj serbskij travelog ob Amerike [«Poor little Serbia»: the first Serbian travelogue about America]
No full textПервый сербский травелог о США «Новый Свет: или год в Америке» (1934) создан Еленой Димитриевич, побывавшей в этой стране в 1919 г. США писательница воспринимает как прогрессивную страну с бурно развивающейся экономикой. Особое внимание она уделяет классовым, расовым и гендерным различиям, осуждает расизм и антисемитизм, одобрительно высказывается о получении женщинами избирательного права. Димитриевич знакомит читателей и с бытовыми подробностями, детально описывает американские жилища, ведение хозяйства, еду и напитки, одежду и т.п. Травелог можно считать скрытой автобиографией – в нем присутствуют не только описания страны, по которой перемещается автор, в тексте содержатся сведения и о самом путешественнике. Из произведения Димитриевич мы узнаем о ее жизненном опыте (например, о многочисленных путешествиях по Востоку). Восприятие нового происходит путем сопоставления неизвестного с хорошо знакомым – Другого со Своим. Опытная путешественница, Димитриевич сравнивает США не только с родной Сербией, но и с Турцией и Египтом. Необычно ее сопоставление женских собраний в Нью Йорке с турецкими гаремами.The first Serbian travelogue about the United States "New World: or a Year in America" (1934) was created by Jelena Dimitrijević, who visited this country in 1919. The writer perceives the United States as a progressive country with a rapidly developing economy. She pays special attention to class, racial and gender differences, condemns racism and anti-Semitism, and speaks out approvingly about women's suffrage. Dimitrijević also acquaints readers with everyday details, describes in detail American dwellings, housekeeping, food and drinks, clothes, etc. The travelogue can be considered a hidden autobiography - it contains not only descriptions of the country through which the author moves, the text also contains information about the traveler himself. From the work of Dimitrijević, we learn about her life experience (about numerous travels in the East). The perception of the new occurs by comparing the unknown with the well-known, the “оther” with “the own”. Experienced traveler Dimitrijević compares the United States not only with her native Serbia, but also with Turkey and Egypt. Paradoxical is her juxtaposition of women's gatherings in New York with Turkish harems
Slowenisch-österreichische Grenze und Konfliktträchtigkeit des Multikulturalismus: Zum Schaffen der deutsch- und zweisprachigen slowenischen Autor:innen des 20. Jahrhunderts
No full textIm Fokus meines Beitrags steht die Frage nach Grenzen zwischen nationalen
Literaturen. Darf man alle literarischen Texte, die in Österreich verfasst sind, als
österreichische Literatur einstufen? Welchen Status haben slowenischsprachige
Werke, die in Österreich bzw. in Österreich-Ungarn geschrieben / veröffentlicht
wurden? Zu welcher nationalen Literatur gehören deutschsprachige Schriften
von Autor:innen slowenischer Herkunft, welche in slowenischen Gebieten von
Österreich-Ungarn bzw. von Österreich gelebt haben oder jetzt noch leben
Prostorske strukture v avtobiografskih delih jugoslovanskih pisateljic 20. in 30. let 20. stoletja [Spatial Structures in Autobiographical Works of Yugoslav Female Writers in the 1920s and 1930s]
No full textn the focus of the comparative study are four autobiographical works of Yugoslav female writers. The book Moja pota [My Way, 1933] by Marija Kmet (1891–1974) is written in Slovenian; Ein Mensch wird [By Myself] by Alma Karlin (1889–1950) was created in 1931 in German and published only in 2010 in the Slovenian translation Sama. The autobiogra- phical novel Kamen na cesti [A Stone on the Road, 1937] by the Croatian writer Marija Jurić Zagorka (1873–1957) and the autobiographical novel Moja prijateljica [My Friend, 1920] by the Slovenian author Zofka Kveder (1878–1926) are also explored.
The study of autobiographical texts inevitably turns to the so-called extratextual real- ity, to writers’ biographies. The lives of these four authors born in Austria–Hungary were different. The German-speaking Slovene Alma Karlin became a traveller around the world. The first female professional Slovenian writer Zofka Kveder worked as a magazine editor, lived in different cities, wrote in three languages (Slovenian, Croatian, and German). The Slovene Maria Kmet worked as a teacher all her life. Maria Jurić Zagorka was the most widely read writer of her time in the Croatian lands and became the first Croatian female journalist. At the same time, their autobiographical experience reflected in the texts reveals much in common. The writers often changed their place of residence. The subject of the research is the spatial structures of four texts.
In autobiographical works, there are specific spatiotemporal relations: the history of the formation of personality (the biographical time) is often connected with the expansion of space. First, an autobiographical character perceives only the space of a room (for ex- ample, a nursery), then the whole house. He or she makes various trips; often in the auto- biographies the spaces of educational institutions are described. As the characters mature, spaces expand and multiply.
The autobiographical mode of narration of the four works under consideration deter- mined the spatial structures of texts, in which an individual–collective dichotomy is pre- sent. With the uniqueness of each human biography, all life paths reveal similar stages, which were reflected in the category of space. On the one hand, in many autobiographies, there are the so-called locus communis (the space of one’s home, the school, places for children’s games and walks, and a workplace). On the other hand, the geography of move- ments across different spaces is always unique.
The similarity of some spatial motifs in the texts by Kmet, Karlin, Kveder, and Za- gorka can be explained by genre topics and general historical events (World War I, the collapse of Austria–Hungary) as well as the gender specificity of the texts (a big city gives a woman at the beginning of the 20th century the possibilities of self-realization, expands her social sphere but at the same time it is a dangerous space for her, full of temptations)
Conférence de Tachkent
No full textBodrova V. Conférence de Tachkent. In: Population, 20ᵉ année, n°6, 1965. pp. 1151-1152
Tuđe telo — bolesno telo u srpskim putopisima prve polovine 20. veka
No full textВ статье изучается взаимосвязь конструкта этнически «чужого» и феномена болезни в некоторых сербких травелогах первой половины ХХ в. В работе использовались методы феноменологии, имагологии, гендерных и постколониальных исследований. Были проанализированы
путевые заметки трех авторов: Елены Димитриевич, Исидоры Секулич, Растко Петровича. Петрович, путешествующий по Африке, большое внимание уделяет тропическим болезням, проказе, сифилису. Димитриевич разбивает стереотип о пышущей здоровьем восточной красавице
и рассказывает о чахотке, которой нередко болеют в гаремах из-за замкнутого образа жизни.
Путешествующая по Норвегии Секулич, с симпатией относящаяся к норвежцам, пишет о случаях психических заболеваний. В исследовании рассматривается, каким образом в изучаемых
произведениях фигура этнического «чужого» связана с феноменом болезни, осмысляется, что
лежит в основе такой взаимообусловленности. Повторяющимися мотивами в травелогах можно считать и собственную болезнь, и болезнь «чужого». Другие страны появляются в текстах
как пространства болезней, которые, кроме того, иногда имеют экзотический оттенок. Феномен
болезни в путевых заметках маркирован и географически, и этнографически. Причины частого изображения болезней в травелогах оказываются разнообразными: героизация собственного
путешествия с помощью детального описания опасностей, в том числе и заболеваний, легитимация женских путешествий посредством изображения болезней, которые характерны для
изолированного и малоподвижного образа жизни, создание экзотического колорита. В статье
показано, что присутствующая в текстах путевых заметок связь между «чужим» и болезнью в
первую очередь указывает на собственные страхи путешественников перед болезнью, которая
выступает в качестве атрибута людей другой культуры
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