164 research outputs found
SAHARA J
No full textHIV prevalence rates in Zamb\ue9zia Province were estimated to be 12.6% in 2009. A number of educational campaigns have been aimed at improving HIV transmission and prevention knowledge among community members in an effort to reduce infection rates. These campaigns have also encouraged people to seek health care at clinical sites, instead of employing traditional healers to cure serious illness. The impact of these programs on the rural population has not been well documented. To assess the level of knowledge about HIV transmission and prevention and health-seeking behavior, we interviewed 349 people in 2009 using free response and multiple choice questionnaires. Over half reported first seeking treatment at a government health clinic; however, the majority of participants had visited a traditional healer in the past. Knowledge regarding prevention and transmission of HIV was primarily limited to the sexual origins of infection and the protective advantages of condom use. Increased educational level and having learned about HIV from a community health worker were associated with higher HIV prevention and transmission knowledge. Traditional healers and community health-care workers were both conduits of health information to our study participants. HIV education and use of clinical services may be facilitated by partnering more closely with these groups.D43 TW001035/TW/FIC NIH HHSUnited States/U2G PS000631/PS/NCHHSTP CDC HHSUnited States/D43TW001035/TW/FIC NIH HHSUnited States
Unknown to Meridith (4 October 1962)
No full texthttps://egrove.olemiss.edu/mercorr_anti/1221/thumbnail.jp
Unknown to James Meridith (2 October 1962)
No full texthttps://egrove.olemiss.edu/mercorr_anti/1227/thumbnail.jp
Constructivist grounded theory or interpretive phenomenology?: Methodological choices within specific study contexts
No full textConstructivist research methodologies are useful in discerning meanings of experience to subsequently inform and improve
healthcare practice. For researchers who philosophically align with the constructivist paradigm, numerous methodologies are
available from which to choose to address research questions. However, it can be challenging for researchers, especially novice
ones, to choose the most appropriate methodology that aligns with the current state of knowledge of the identified topic,
proposed research question, and the study purpose. To reduce the confusion faced by health researchers when choosing an
appropriate methodology for a specific study, this paper compares two popular qualitative health research approaches:
constructivist grounded theory and interpretive phenomenology. Philosophical underpinnings and the epistemological and ontological evolution of each methodology are explored with similarities and differences highlighted. Manifestation of the philosophical
foundations of constructivist grounded theory and interpretive phenomenology are described in relation to data collection, analysis,
and the research findings. To illustrate distinctions of each approach and support researchers in the navigation of methodological
decision-making, a specific healthcare study context is presented: the rural family members’ experiences of a relative’s interhospital
transfer for advanced critical care services. This study context is increasingly being recognized as an important area of healthcare
research and practice. However, gaps in knowledge persist, specifically in relation to the experiences of rural family members when a
critically ill relative requires an interhospital transfer to a distant urban center for advanced critical care services. Improved understanding of such experiences is necessary to inform the care provided to rural family members, potentially mitigating short and
long-term negative consequences for these individuals. Within this example, the importance of the research purpose and research
question within a specific study context is underscored as central to appropriate methodological decision-making
Unknown to Mr. James Meridith (2 October 1962)
No full texthttps://egrove.olemiss.edu/mercorr_anti/1224/thumbnail.jp
Influences of the culture of science on nursing knowledge development: Using conceptual frameworks as nursing philosophy in critical care nursing
No full textNursing knowledge development and application are influenced by numerous factors within the context of science and practice. The prevailing culture of science along with an evolving context of increasingly technological environments and rationalization within health care impacts both the generation of nursing knowledge and the practice of nursing. The effects of the culture of science and the context of nursing practice may negatively impact the structure and application of nursing knowledge, how nurses practice, and how nurses understand the patients and families for whom they care. Specifically, the nature of critical care and its highly technical environment make critical care nursing especially vulnerable to these potentially negative influences. The influences of the culture of science and the increasingly technical practice context may result in an overreliance on the natural sciences to guide critical care nursing actions and an associated marginalization of the caring relationship in critical care nursing practice. Within this environment, nursing philosophy may not be foundational to nursing actions; rather, the dominant culture of science and the rationalization of health care may be informing nursing practice. As such, the ideology and goals of nursing may not be central to the practice of critical care nursing. The purpose of this paper is to explore the influence of the culture of science on the development of nursing knowledge and theory. Further, we aim to describe the value of using conceptual frameworks, such as Roy's Adaptation Model, as a nursing philosophy to influence the development of person‐centred nursing knowledge and theory to inform critical care nursing practice as it related to the care of patients and families. In doing so, nursing philosophy is situated as foundational for nursing actions
Critically ill patients: Family experiences of interfacility transfers from rural to urban centers and impact on family relationships
No full textA critical illness event is intensely stressful for family members and can lead to negative psychological, emotional, social and financial consequences. In geographically rural areas, critically ill patients may require an interfacility transfer to an urban centre for advanced critical care services. In this context, research suggests that these family members from rural areas experience additional burdens, yet little is known about these experiences. An interpretive phenomenological approach was used to explore lived experiences of family members from rural areas whose critically ill relative undergoes an interfacility transfer to an urban centre for advanced critical care services. Participants described feelings of vulnerability in the urban centre, the need to protect the critically ill patient and other relatives, maintaining responsibilities at home, navigating family relationships, and a loss of connection during the transfer window. These findings may better position nurses to address family members’ stress and anxiety during this experience
Children’s ideas about their world: a study exploring the hundred languages of children and how educators support them
No full textChildren are capable, competent, and intelligent members of the early years community (Edwards, 2011; Fyfe, 2011, Ontario Ministry of Education, 2014 & 2016, Wexler, 2004). The purpose of this research study is to explore the ideas children are developing about their world and how their educators support them in their discoveries. This qualitative mini-ethnographic case study investigates how children represent their understandings by considering the Reggio Emilia pedagogical strategy of the hundred languages of children and its connection to how children generate, test, and/or confirm their ideas about the world around them. The participants included 30 children and 7 educators from a Reggio Emilia inspired early learning setting. Data sources included educator interviews, video-based observations of the learning environments, and through-the-window observations. All data was collected at a distance due to COVID 19 protocols limiting in-person research. A qualitative analysis of the data revealed that the children were actively exploring a vast number of ideas about their world and used repeated actions in the form of play schemas to support their investigations to make further connections. Educators supported the children by preparing the classroom environment with purposeful materials, providing educator assisted/provoked experiences, engaging in positive interactions, supporting their safety and welfare, and participating in ongoing professional development. Considering the main findings of this research, the author offers three key conclusions as take-aways. These conclusions include the themes of power between the educator and the children in the learning environment, relationships between the children and their educators, their peers, and the learning environment, and risk taking among the children
Bull World Health Organ
No full textProblemDespite seven years of investment from the President's Emergency Plan For AIDS Relief (PEPFAR), the expansion of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-related services continues to challenge Mozambique\u2019s health-care infrastructure, especially in the country\u2019s rural regions.ApproachIn 2012, as part of a national acceleration plan for HIV care and treatment, Namacurra district employed a mobile clinic strategy to provide temporary manpower and physical space to expand services at four rural peripheral clinics. This paper describes the strategy deployed, the uptake of services and the key lessons learnt in the first 18 months of implementation.Local settingIn 2012, Namacurra\ub4s adult population was estimated to be 125\u2009425, and of those 15\u2009803 were estimated to be HIV infected. Although there is consistent government support of antiretroviral therapy (ART) programmes, national coverage remains low, with less than 15% of those eligible having received ART by December 2012.Relevant changesBetween April 2012 and September 2013, Namacurra district enrolled 4832 new patients into HIV care and treatment. By using the mobile clinic strategy for ART expansion, the district was able to expand provision of ART from two to six (of a desired seven) clinics by September 2013.Lessons learntMobile clinic strategies could rapidly expand HIV care and treatment in under-funded settings in ways that both build local capacity and are sustainable for local health systems. The clinics best serve as a transition to improved capacity at fixed-site services.2014U2G PS000631/PS/NCHHSTP CDC HHS/United StatesU2GPS000631/PHS HHS/United StatesPEPFAR/United States25378759PMC4208568634
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