196,781 research outputs found
Variantnost govorjene slovenščine pri geografsko mobilnih osebah
No full textRaziskava se osredotoča na proučevanje variantnosti govorjene slovenščine pri posameznikih z Idrijskega, ki se šolajo oz. delajo v Ljubljani. Gre za dnevno ali tedensko geografsko mobilne govorce, ki v prvotnem okolju vsaj v neformalnih govornih položajih pretežno govorijo lastno narečje, v osrednjeslovenskem prostoru pa v komunikaciji z govorci drugih varietet uporabljajo različne strategije govornega obnašanja.
Sociolingvistične metode, ki so bile prvotno razvite v anglosaškem okolju (primerjaj dela W. Labova in S. A. Tagliamonte), smo prilagodili slovenski sociolingvistični situaciji, upoštevajoč tudi primerljive sociolingvistične raziskave v drugih jezikovnih okoljih (npr. Nemčiji: W. Besch, na Norveškem: B. Mæehlum, Češkem: J. Wilson in Danskem: M. Monka).
Variantnost govora petih posameznikov (treh žensk in dveh moških, dveh dijakov in treh odraslih) smo proučevali glede na okoliščine ter družbene in socialnopsihološke dejavnike. Metodološko smo kvantitativno analizo petih fonoloških variabel povezali s kvalitativnimi podatki iz sociolingvističnih intervjujev in etnografske študije jezikovnega obnašanja preko opazovanja z udeležbo. Da bi proučevali avtentično jezikovno rabo in zmanjšali učinek t. i. opazovalčevega paradoksa, smo za variantnostno študijo govora posameznikov uporabili tehniko celodnevnega samosnemanja. Raziskovalni korpus sestavlja izbor izsekov iz celotnega nabora posnetkov glede na različna merila: kraj, sogovorce, temo pogovora in formalnost situacije. Od skupno približno 47 ur posnetkov sta bili za analizo izbrani približno dve uri in pol. Osrednji del raziskave se osredotoča na tri samoglasniške in dve soglasniški variabli, pozorni pa smo bili tudi na nekatere morfološke variable in besedišče. Kvalitativni podatki iz sociolingvističnih intervjujev vključujejo osebno zgodovino posameznikov, njihovo samooceno govornega obnašanja, izkušnje z jezikovno rabo, ozaveščenost jezikovnega (ne)prilagajanja, jezikovna stališča, razumevanje povezave med jezikom in identiteto ipd.
Rezultati kažejo, da glede na stopnjo variantnosti govora obstajajo različni tipi govorcev in pri njih na kontinuumu med narečjem in standardnim jezikom več vmesnih jezikovnih varietet, ki se ne ujemajo z v slovenskem jezikoslovju pogosto pretirano shematizirano dihotomijo med knjižnim jezikom in tradicionalnimi narečji. Pri posameznih analiziranih variablah so opazne različne tendence, potrjuje pa se relevantnost različnih družbenih in socialnopsiholoških dejavnikov pri pojasnjevanju posameznikovega govornega obnašanja.The research focuses on the variation of spoken Slovene of five informants from the Idrija region with a distinctive Cerkno local dialect, who daily or weekly migrate for work or school to the capital, Ljubljana, where they use different strategies of speech behaviour in communication with speakers of other varieties of Slovene.
Sociolinguistic methods and findings that have been primarily developed and used in the Anglo-Saxon environment have been adapted to the Slovene sociolinguistic situation (cf. the works of W. Labov and S. A. Tagliamonte), taking into account comparable sociolinguistic research in other environments (cf. Germany: W. Besch, Norway: B. Mæehlum, The Czech Republic: J. Wilson and Denmark: M. Monka).
Variation of informants’ speech is observed according to different circumstances as well as social and sociopsychological factors. Methodologically, the quantitative analysis of informants’ language variation is combined with qualitative data from interviews about their experiences with language use, language attitudes and the perception of their own language behaviour. With the aim of observing authentic language use and diminishing observer’s paradox, the technique of informants’ full-day self audio recording was used. The research corpus is based on text selection from the whole material, according to different circumstances: time, place, interlocutors, topic of conversation and formality of the situation. Out of a total of approximately 47 hours of recordings, approximately 2.5 hours were selected for the analysis. The central part of the investigation is the analysis of five phonological (three vowel and two consonant) variables. Besides this, attention is paid to some morphological variables and lexicon. The qualitative data were gathered in sociolinguistic interviews and include informants’ sex, age, personal history, the time when they started migrating to the capital, social network and personal characteristics.
The results show that different types of speakers exist and that we can often speak about continuum-like transitions between the dialect and the standard. The informants’ intermediate language varieties do not correspond to the dichotomy between the standard and traditional dialects, which is often too schematized in Slovene linguistics. Different variables show different tendencies and different social and sociopsychological factors prove to be relevant for the explanation of individuals’ language behaviour
Vrivanje armiranobetonskih konstrukcij : diplomsko delo univerzitetnega študijskega programa
No full textScreening tests for early colorectal cancer detection
No full textRak debelega črevesa in danke (RDČD) je tretja najpogostejša vrsta raka in hkrati četrti najpogostejši vzrok smrti zaradi rakavega obolenja na svetu. Čeprav je izvajanje presejalnih testov za raka debelega črevesa v polnem zagonu, in se je stopnja preživetja tekom zadnjih tridesetih let dvignila, je zaradi pomanjkljive zaznavnosti velike večine testov v zgodnji fazi odkritih zgolj okrog 40 – 44 % rakov. V kolikor je rak diagnosticiran v zgodnjem stadiju (I in II) je preživetje pacientov občutno višje kot pri detekciji v poznejšem stadiju (III in IV), kar pomeni da je zgodnja detekcija RDČD izjemno pomembna in potrebna. Trenutni presejalni testi (predvsem imunokemijski testi blata) imajo nižjo sensitivnost v zgodnjem stadiju ter nizko komplianco pacientov, kar pomeni, da obstaja potreba po izboljšavi presejalnih testov. Sprememba presnove je značilen znak ob pojavu raka, ki se kaže v spremembah signalnih poti. Metaboliti so končni produkti celičnih procesov, njihove koncentracije pa se odražajo v delovanju organizma in so hkrati tesno povezane z izraženim fenotipom, kar pomeni, da so metaboliti primerni biološki označevalci za zaznavanje rakavih bolezni. V sklopu te raziskave je bilo pokazano, da je na podlagi metabolnega profila seruma možno razlikovati med pacienti z RDČD, adenomatoznimi polipi in zdravimi pacienti. Vendar je do same uporabe takšnega testa v klinični praksi potrebno še zaključiti multicentrično klinično validacijo na asimptomatski populaciji. Na podlagi te klinične validacije se določi realna natančnost presejalnega testa in preuči potencialna uvedba testa v zdravstven sistem.Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the third most common type of cancer and the fourth most common cause of cancer death in the world. Although the implementation of creening tests for CRC is in full swing, and the survival rate has risen during the last thirty ears, only about 40-44% of cancers are detected in the early stage, which is due to the limitations of existing tests. If the cancer is diagnosed in the early stage (I or II), the survival of patients is significantly higher compared to detection in later stage (III or IV). This indicates that early detection of CRC is extremely important and necessary. Current screening tests (especially fecal immunochemical test - FIT) have lower sensitivity for early stage CRC and low patient compliance, which means there is a great need to improve existing screening tests. Altered metabolism is one of typical signs of cancer, which can be seen as changes of specific signal pathways. Metabolites are final products of cellular processes, and their concentrations reflect the functioning of organism and are closely related to the phenotypic, which means metabolites are suitable biological markers for the detection of cancers. As part of this study, it has been shown that specific metabolic profile of the serum can be used to distinguish between patients with CRC, adenomatous polyps and healthy patients. However, to use such a test in clinical practice, multicentre clinical validation study on an asymptomatic population has to be completed. Such clinical validation will determine the actual accuracy of the screening test and will show the potential for introduction of the test into the healthcare system
Instagram as a personal branding tool
No full textCilj diplomskega dela je preučiti primer upravljanja osebne znamke bivšega predsednika države Boruta Pahorja na družbenem omrežju Instagram. Skladno s ciljem diplomsko delo s pomočjo ustrezne empirične raziskave odgovarja na raziskovalno vprašanje. Raziskovalno vprašanje je bilo oblikovano na podlagi pregleda ustrezne literature s področja osebnega znamčenja. Obravnavano raziskovalno vprašanje odgovarja, na kakšen način ljudje ustvarijo osebno znamčenje na Instagramu. V diplomskem delu na podlagi temeljitega pregleda literature s področja osebnega znamčenja in uporabe družbenih omrežij (Instagram) preverjam trditev, ki se glasi: »Ljudje osebno znamčenje ustvarjajo s personalizacijo objav v neformalnih okoliščinah«. Študija primera, ki obravnava osebno znamčenje Boruta Pahorja na Instagram profilu v času predvolilne kampanje, je tako potrdila izsledke literature in preučevano trditev diplomskega dela.The aim of the thesis is to examine the case of managing a personal brand on the Instagram social media of ex-president Borut Pahor. In accordance with the aim of the thesis, it answers the research question using appropriate empirical research methodology. The research question was formulated based on a review of relevant literature in the field of personal branding. The addressed research question answers how people create a personal brand on Instagram. The hypothesis developed on the basis of a thorough review of the literature in the field of personal branding and the use of social media (Instagram) is as it follows: "People create a personal brand by personalizing posts in informal environment". The case study, examines the personal brand of Borut Pahor on his Instagram profile during the pre-election campaign, and has confirmed the findings of the literature and the hypotheses of the thesis
Biocompatibility and surface properties of cobalt chromium alloys and stainless steel
No full textUvod: Biokompatibilnost je sposobnost materiala, da v ustni votlini izzove ustrezen biološki odziv, da ne škoduje pacientovemu zdravju, ne povzroča toksičnih reakcij, alergij ali vnetij ter je stabilen in vzdržljiv, saj je nenehno izpostavljen kompleksnemu okolju ustne votline, ki vključuje mehanske obremenitve, spremembe vrednosti pH ter prisotnost bakterij in sline. Kovinske zlitine, kot so nerjavno jeklo in kobalt-kromove (CoCr) zlitine, se uporabljajo zaradi odličnih mehanskih lastnosti, kot sta visoka trdnost in odpornost proti koroziji. Številne študije so pokazale površinske spremembe novih in rabljenih kovinskih zlitin zaradi korozijskih sprememb. Namen: Namen diplomskega dela je predstaviti zlitine krom kobalta in nerjavnega jekla, ki so uporabljene v čeljustno ortopedskem pripomočku za hitro širjenje zgornje čeljustnice, izdelane po digitalni metodi. Ker površinske lastnosti materialov rabljenega ortodontskega aparata za hitro širjenje zgornje čeljustnice po digitalni metodi v literaturi še niso opisane, je namen dela tudi ovrednotiti površine in biokompatibilnost uporabljenih materialov v aparatu. Metode dela: Diplomsko delo je temeljilo na deskriptivni metodi zbiranja, pregleda in analize obstoječe literature. Iskanje literature je potekalo v več podatkovnih bazah, kot so PubMed, ScienceDirect, Medline, Google učenjak, CINAHL, Cochrane in COBISS, ki omogoča dostop literature v knjižnicah. V raziskavo smo vključili uporabljen aparat za hitro širjenje zgornje čeljustnice, izdelan po digitalni metodi, iz materiala CoCrMoW in nerjavnega jekla. Površinske lastnosti smo analizirali z vrstičnim elektronskim mikroskopom (SEM), z energijsko disperzijsko spektroskopijo (EDS) smo študirali kemijo površin, z metodo XRD kemijsko analizo ter z metodo XPS površinsko analizo. Rezultati: Za diplomsko delo smo izdelali aparat za hitro širjenje zgornje čeljustnice po digitalni metodi, ki smo ga načrtovali in oblikovali s programom 3Shape Ortho Analyzer. Vrstična elektronska mikroskopija in energijska disperzijska analiza sta pokazali, da je zlitina CoCr, izdelana po dodajni tehnologiji, primerna za uporabo v čeljustno ortopedskih pripomočkih. Po šestmesečni klinični uporabi ni bilo zaznati sprememb v mikrostrukturi, kemijski sestavi ali znakov degradacije in poroznosti. Z metodo XPS smo analizirali kemijsko sestavo površine in oksidne plasti pod površino do globine 50 nm. Oksidna plast Cr2O3 na površini aparata je debeline 20 nm. Razprava in zaključek: Kemijska analiza površine je pokazala, da se sestava materiala CoCrMoW po zaključeni uporabi ni spremenila in ostaja v okviru vrednosti, predpisanih s standardom ASTM. Raziskave mikrostrukture niso pokazale znakov poroznosti ali nehomogenosti, kar kaže na visoko tehnologijo postopka izdelave in kakovost materiala. Po šestmesečni izpostavitvi ustnemu okolju ni bilo zaznati znakov degradacije materiala. Rezultati diplomskega dela so potrdili, da sta tako kobalt-kromova zlitina (CoCrMoW) kot nerjavno jeklo ustrezna materiala za uporabo v ortodontskih pripomočkih. Po šestmesečni klinični uporabi ni bilo zaznati sprememb v mikrostrukturi, kemijski sestavi ali znakov degradacije, kar potrjuje odlično odpornost proti obremenitvam v agresivnem ustnem okolju ter skladnost s pričakovano biokompatibilnostjo.Introduction: Biocompatibility is the ability of a material to elicit an appropriate biological response in the oral cavity, without harming the patient\u27s health, causing toxic reactions, allergies, or inflammation. It must also be stable and durable, as it is constantly exposed to the complex environment of the oral cavity, which includes mechanical stress, changes in pH levels, and the presence of bacteria and saliva. Metallic alloys such as stainless steel and cobalt-chromium (CoCr) alloys are used due to their excellent mechanical properties, such as high strength and corrosion resistance. Numerous studies have shown surface changes in both new and used metal alloys due to corrosion processes. Purpose: The aim of this thesis is to present cobalt-chromium alloys and stainless steel, which are used in a digitally manufactured orthodontic appliance for rapid maxillary expansion. Since the surface properties of materials from used digitally manufactured orthodontic appliances for rapid maxillary expansion have not yet been described in the literature, the goal is also to evaluate the surfaces and biocompatibility of the materials used in the appliance. Methods: The thesis is based on a descriptive method of collecting, reviewing, and analyzing existing literature. Literature was searched across several databases, including PubMed, ScienceDirect, Medline, Google Scholar, Cinahl, Cochrane, and COBBIS, which provides access to library resources. The study included a used digitally manufactured rapid maxillary expansion appliance made from CoCrMoW alloy and stainless steel. Surface properties were analyzed using a scanning electron microscope (SEM), energy-dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) for surface chemistry, XRD for chemical analysis, and XPS for surface analysis. Results: For the purpose of the thesis, a digitally manufactured rapid maxillary expansion appliance was designed and planned using the 3Shape Ortho Analyzer software. Scanning electron microscopy and energy-dispersive spectroscopy analysis showed that the CoCr alloy produced using additive technology is suitable for use in orthodontic appliances. After six months of clinical use, no changes in microstructure, chemical composition, signs of degradation, or porosity were observed. The XPS method was used to analyze the chemical composition of the surface and the oxide layers up to a depth of 50 nm. The Cr₂O₃ oxide layer on the surface of the appliance was 20 nm thick. Discussion and conclussion: The chemical surface analysis showed that the composition of the CoCrMoW material did not change after use and remains within the values prescribed by the ASTM standard. Microstructural investigations revealed no signs of porosity or inhomogeneity, indicating a high level of manufacturing technology and material quality. After six months of exposure to the oral environment, no signs of material degradation were observed. The results of the thesis confirmed that both the cobalt-chromium alloy (CoCrMoW) and stainless steels are suitable materials for use in orthodontic appliances. After six months of clinical use, no changes in microstructure, chemical composition, or signs of degradation were observed, confirming their high resistance to stress in the aggressive oral environment and their compliance with expected biocompatibility
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