272 research outputs found
Optical fibre taper components
No full textThis thesis describes the fabrication, properties and analysis of some components made from tapered single-mode optical fibres. Its greater part is concerned with the study of directional couplers made by the taper technique, and the well-known properties of these important components are summarised.An extensive investigation into the effects of twist on tapered couplers is described. Twist is found to change (‘tune’) the output splitting ratio of couplers, an effect which is examined experimentally. The practical application of twist-tuning as the basis of a freely tunable coupler, and also as an aid in the fabrication of standard fixed-ratio couplers, is considered. The effects of twist on couplers are analysed in detail, and a simple twist-tuning law is derived, tested and criticised.The use of a pre-polish technique for the fabrication of asymmetric tapered couplers is described. The adjustment of the maximum splitting ratio of asymmetric couplers is demonstrated, a priori by control of the coupler's cross-sectional shape, and a posteriori by twist-tuning. Questions concerning the connection between waveguide adiabaticity and loss, raised by the successful implementation of asymmetric couplers, are considered.The effects of birefringence on the performance of the fibre Sagnac reflector, which is made by joining together the two output fibres of a coupler, are examined experimentally and analysed using Jones calculus.Miscellaneous studies concerning single-fibre tapers are also described. These consider the fabrication and properties of tapers with rectangular cross-sections, light propagation through tapered few-mode fibres, and the effects of a tapered section of fibre on the 'fibre fuse' thermal damage mechanism
How Might Adam Smith Pay Professors Today?
No full textAdam Smith’s proposal for paying professors was intended to induce increased faculty knowledge. If students have imperfect information about what they learn, and universities can only imperfectly measure the input of faculty time in student learning, publications may be used to measure faculty knowledge. If professors’ ability to publish is positively related to their ability to produce student learning, which universities can imperfectly measure, publications may be necessary to attract more able professors. Since research signals faculty knowledge, schools that do not value publications per se could require higher publication standards and pay higher wages than schools that value only publications.
Stephen Crane and the mass media
No full textThe influence of European painting and literature in Stephen Crane’s pre-Red Badge of Courage work has been overstated by most twentieth century critics. Stephen Crane’s portrayals of New York poverty in the 1890s was profoundly shaped by the more immediate influence of the American mass media, specifically by religious anti-slum tracts, the documentary photographs of Jacob Riis and Alfred Stieglitz, the “new” journalism that blurred the distinction between the newspaper and the novel, and color print advertising. Maggie: a Girl from the Streets and his freelance newspaper articles written between 1892 and 1894 provide ample evidence of Crane’s participation in the sensational mass media, which often transformed urban poverty into middle-class entertainment.M.A.Includes bibliographical referencesby Adam Broc
A New Market Instrument for Sustainable Economic and Environmental Development
No full textThe regenerative capacity of ecosystems provides a regulatory basis for sustainable economic growth and development. A natural valuation of an ecosystem's services will arise in a market for developmental rights in the ecosystem using a unit of tradable `right': E-Scrip. The amount of e-scrip needed for a development may be set by Environmental Assessment. The capacity of the ecosystem to regenerate with developmental pressure may be represented by an independent trader or Factor Proxy for the Environment who provides e-scrip to the market. ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]; Copyright of Environmental Monitoring & Assessment is the property of Springer Science & Business Media B.V. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)M3: ArticleSource type: Electronic(1)http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=8gh&AN=15667099&site=eds-live&scope=sit
New life from a pastoral text of terror? : gender perspectives on God and humanity in 1 Timothy 2
No full textCITATION: Mouton, E. & Van Wolde, E. 2012. New life from a pastoral text of terror? : gender perspectives on God and humanity in 1 Timothy 2. Scriptura, 111(3):583-601, doi:10.7833/111-0-38.The original publication is available at http://scriptura.journals.ac.zaAmidst threatening pseudo-practices, 1 Timothy seems to be concerned mainly with the integrity of the Christian gospel within the larger Greco-Roman society. To account for its rich yet complex world view, the intertextual coherence of 1 Tim 1:15-3:1 is investigated – with special reference to gender images from Gen 2-3 in 1 Tim 2:13-15. In an attempt to make sense of the utterances regarding women in 2:8-15, and particularly the explanation in 2:13-15, the essay explores two main sets of arguments. A first view explores the implications of a literal interpretation of 1 Tim 2:13-15. It argues that the author contrasted the thinking of Gen 2-3 by importing a limited selection from it into his letter – a strategy bearing the risk of being incompatible with the theological thrust of both 1 Tim and Gen 1-3. A second view argues that 1 Tim 2:13-15 served as an allegory, and that Adam and Eve, as well as the image of childbearing, functioned metaphorically as motivation for moral behaviour. The essay concludes that 1 Tim 2:8-15 is a context-specific appro-priation of the creation story rather than a universal statement on the relationship between women and men. It pleads for a life-giving rhetoric that either uses 1 Timothy’s theological thrust as a lens for interpreting 2:8-15 or accepts (some aspects of) it as irretrievably patriarchal and violent, yet allowing it to function as a mirror for on-going discussions on human dignity and the integrity of creationhttp://scriptura.journals.ac.za/pub/article/view/38Publisher's versio
Multiplexing autoradiography
No full textAutoradiography, the direct imaging of radioactive distribution in tissue sections, is a powerful technique that has several key advantages for the validation of PET radiotracers. Using autoradiography, we can localize radiotracer uptake to neighbours of cells, and when multiplexed with additional radiotracers, fluorescent probes, or in situ tissue analysis, autoradiography can help to characterize the mechanism of radiotracer uptake and assess functional heterogeneity in tissue. In this chapter, the author outlines the basic ex vivo autoradiography protocol and shows how it can be multiplexed using dual radionuclides 18F and 14C. They also highlight where autoradiography can be combined with other technologies to provide synergistic information for interrogating spatial biology
‘The woman was deceived and became a sinner’ – a literary-theological investigation of 1 Timothy 2:11–15
No full textIn 1 Timothy 2:11–15 women are forbidden to teach and have authority over men in the church. The ground for this instruction is the creation account in Genesis 2 that asserts the priority of Adam over Eve in the order of creation. The second reason for the instruction is the deception of Eve according to the account of the Fall in Genesis 3. This pericope has elicited arguments between advocates of egalitarianism and complementarianism revolving over the issues of grammar, the context of the Ephesian church with regard to false teachings and the comparison of this text with the other writings of Paul, for those that subscribe to the authorship of Paul. The contention of this article is that verse 15 provides a major clue as to how this text should be understood. In addition, the author’s rhetoric in this text is interrogated with regard to the text’s own internal literary and theological logic. In this regard, the author is found to be inconsistent in his outlook, for the grace that was poured out abundantly on him: a blasphemer, a persecutor and a violent man and on account of his ignorance andunbelief (1 Tm 1:12–16) is apparently, being denied women on account of Eve’s deception
"Joining the End to the Beginning" Divine Providence and the Interpretation of Scripture in the Teaching of Irenaeus, Bishop of Lyons
No full textIn this dissertation, the author argues that Irenaeus, Bishop of Lyons in the second century, reads the scriptures as the living proclamation of the Creator by which he creates and forms human flesh and blood. The scriptural narrative originates in God’s creation of all things ex nihilo and traces the movement of humanity toward its eschatological perfection in the incarnate, crucified, and risen Christ. Thus, the author argues that, for Irenaeus, the scriptures are as anthropological as they are theological. The biblical narrative possesses a continuity that is rooted in the substance of the human body. The very body that was created out of the dust in Adam, preserved from the flood in Noah, catechized by the law in Abraham and Moses, and became accustomed to the Spirit in the prophets is assumed by the Son of God from the Virgin Mary, crucified on the tree of the cross, and raised from the grave. The author maintains that Irenaeus views the scriptures as a single narrative describing precisely that flesh and blood given at the eucharistic altar in the fellowship of the church. Irenaeus reads the scriptures, not only in an intimate relationship with the creation of all things in the beginning and their recapitulation in Christ, but also in accord with an ecclesial dimension. The biblical narrative describes the identity of the baptized, who are joined to the body of Jesus through the baptismal and eucharistic life of the church. From this perspective, the author insists that the meaning of the scriptures, for the second century bishop, is not merely rational, moral or mystical, but truly ontological
Introduction to property theory - the fundamental theorems
No full textThe market system consists of a price mechanism, built on the foundation of a system of property, and contract. In many developing, and transition economies, the market system functions poorly. In many cases, if not most, the malfunctioning is not simply in the price system (for example, anti-competitive activities), but in the underlying property system (such as contracts being breached, and externalities in the sense of transfers not covered by contracts). Economic theory tends to take the functioning of the system of property, and contract for granted, and focuses on the operation of the price mechanism. Property theory focuses on the underlying system of property, and contract. In this paper, the author inaugurates the mathematical treatment of property theory.In contrast with earlier work in"law and economics", and the"new institutional economics", this approach uses principles drawn from jurisprudence, and does not attempt to reduce"law"to"economics"in the sense of efficiency considerations, such as the minimization of transaction costs. The main results are the two fundamental theorems of property theory that are analogous to the two fundamental theorems of price theory that, in essence, state that: 1) A competitive equilibrium is Pareto optimal. 2) Given a Pareto optimal state, there exists a set of prices such, that a competitive equilibrium at those prices would realize that Pareto optimal state.Environmental Economics&Policies,Labor Policies,Banks&Banking Reform,Municipal Housing and Land,Economic Theory&Research,Environmental Economics&Policies,Banks&Banking Reform,Economic Theory&Research,Municipal Housing and Land,Land and Real Estate Development
Historycy piszą o współczesności. Rok niebezpiecznego zwrotu (2010) w ujęciu Georges’a Minka i Timothy’ego Snydera
No full textThe author analyses the ways of depicting contemporary times in two monographs written by renown scholars: La Pologne au coeur de l’Europe. De 1914 à aujourd’hui, histoire politique et conflits de mémoire (Poland at the heart of Europe. From 1914 to the present day. Political history and conflicts of memory) and The Road to Unfreedom. Russia, Europe, America by Timothy Snyder. A particularly important date here is 2010, the year of the Smolensk air disaster, which in Poland gave rise to many false myths and manipulations of facts (described by both authors). Snyder chooses this year as a symbolic turning point within the global process of shifting from the mindset of “inevitability” towards the mindset of “eternity”. The second main characteristic of this way of thinking and acting is that truth and facts are replaced in the public discourse with fake news, fabrications, creating social divisions and stirring hostile emotions.The author analyses the ways of depicting contemporary times in two monographs written by renown scholars: La Pologne au coeur de l’Europe. De 1914 à aujourd’hui, histoire politique et conflits de mémoire (Poland at the heart of Europe. From 1914 to the present day. Political history and conflicts of memory) and The Road to Unfreedom. Russia, Europe, America by Timothy Snyder. A particularly important date here is 2010, the year of the Smolensk air disaster, which in Poland gave rise to many false myths and manipulations of facts (described by both authors). Snyder chooses this year as a symbolic turning point within the global process of shifting from the mindset of “inevitability” towards the mindset of “eternity”. The second main characteristic of this way of thinking and acting is that truth and facts are replaced in the public discourse with fake news, fabrications, creating social divisions and stirring hostile emotions
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