1,721,706 research outputs found
Opposite effects of IFN-gamma on CCR5 and CXCR4 espression and on entry of M- and T-tropic HIV in epithelial cells
No full text
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Opposite effects of interferong on CCR5 and CXCR4 expression and on entry of M- and T-tropic HIV in epithelial cells
No full textType III and I interferons increase HIV uptake and replication in human cells, that overexpress CD4, CCR5 and CXCR4
No full textThe newly discovered type III interferon (IFN-) has antiviral activity against a broad spectrum of viruses
and potent immune-related activities. Its major producers are peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs)
and dendritic cells. The above functions and cells are deeply involved in AIDS pathogenesis, but there is no
information so far on IFN- effects on HIV. Therefore we addressed the sensitivity of HIV-1 replication to
cell exposure to human IFN-2. Human PBMCs and C8166 T cells were treated with human Type III or Type
I IFNs, and the ability of HIV-1 to bind and replicate in untreated and IFN-treated cells was investigated.
Virus amounts were quantified by infectivity and p24 assays. In parallel, we evaluated the possible antiproliferative
effects of IFN-2 and the expression of CD4, CXCR4, and CCR5 genes, whose transcripts were
quantified by real time RT-PCR. Data showed increased adsorption of HIV to IFN-treated cells in a dose-dependent
fashion. Virus yields increased accordingly. In both systems the accumulation of CD4, CXCR4, and
CCR5 transcripts was increased, particularly in PBMCs. Antiproliferative activity and classical antiviral state
were instead detected on PBMCs, but not on C8166 cells. We concluded that pretreatment of PBMCs and
C8166 cells with Type III and Type I IFNs causes increased HIV binding and replication. These effects are
likely to be due to increased expression of HIV receptors and coreceptors on the plasma membrane. These
findings indicate another mechanism utilized by HIV for subversion of host defense
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
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