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Illustrations of <i>Beilschmiedia turbinata</i> Bing Liu & Y. Yang showing morphological details.
No full text<p>A, seedling; B, Flowering branch; C, flower; D, flower (front part removed); E, the first whorl perianth lobe; F, the second whorl perianth lobe; G. the first whorl stamen (adaxial view); H, the second whorl stamen (adaxial view); I, the third whorl stamen (abaxial view); J, the fourth whorl staminode (abaxial view); K, pistil showing the pubescent ovary; L, terminal bud; M, venation pattern (abaxial view); N, fruiting branch in the second year; O, a young fruit in the first year (Drawn by Y. B. Sun, A from <i>Bing Liu 1184</i>, B–M from <i>Bing Liu 1442</i>, N–O from <i>Bing Liu 1185, PE</i>).</p
Comparison between <i>Beilschmiedia turbinata</i> Bing Liu et Y. Yang and <i>B. yunnanensis</i> Hu.
No full text<p>A–E, <i>B. turbinata</i> Bing Liu & Y. Yang. A, leaf blade; B, the small type terminal bud bearing ferruginous-brown pubescence; C, leaf upper surface showing fine vein reticulation; D, flower (front part removed showing: a, the third whorl subsessile fertile stamen; b, the fourth whorl staminode ); E, the large, ferruginous-furfuraceous turbinate fruits. F–J, <i>B. yunnanensis</i> Hu. F, leaf blade; G, the small type terminal bud bearing brownish pubescence; H, leaf upper surface showing fine vein reticulation; I, flower (front part removed showing: c, the third whorl stalked and glandular fertile stamen; d, the sagittate gland at the base of the third whorl stamen; e, the fourth whorl staminode); J, the smaller ellipsoid fruits.</p
Pinnularia qinghainensis Bing Liu & S. Blanco 2021, sp. nov.
No full textPinnularia qinghainensis Bing Liu & S. Blanco sp. nov. (Figs 1–25) LM: Valves linear with broadly rounded apices (Figs 1–15), dimensions (n=31): 35–70 μm long, 8–11μm wide. Sternum narrow, widening towards central area. Central area hexagonal with three forms: reaching both margins (e.g. Figs 1, 5, 11), meeting one margin and bordering the other with few short striae (e.g. Figs 2, 3), or bordering both margins with a few short striae (e.g. Figs 8, 12, 15). Raphe filiform, straight. Proximal raphe ends slightly bent toward same side with drop-shaped central pores. Distal raphe fissures sickle-shaped, deflexed to same side. Striae mostly curved, radiate at middle, gradually becoming convergent when approaching apices. Striae 13–16 (often 14) in 10 μm at centre, 15–17 in 10 μm near apices. Longitudinal lines absent. SEM: Valves linear with broadly rounded apices (Figs 16, 21). Central area hexagonal, reaching both margins (Figs 17, 23), or bordering both margins with a few short striae (Figs 21, 22). External proximal raphe ends bent in one direction, slightly dilated (Fig. 17). Distal raphe fissures hooked towards same side (Figs 16, 18, 19). Internally, raphe branches straight, proximal raphe fissures curved towards same side, central nodule not raised (Figs 22, 23); distal raphe terminating as helictoglossae (Figs 24, 25). Striae mostly composed of 4 rows of small areolae (rarely 3 rows) (Figs 16–20), covered by silicified plates (Fig. 20); internally, alveoli open, their openings as depressed chambers. Type:— CHINA. Qinghai province: Lake Qinghai, a sampling point near the lakeshore (see Liu et al. 2020, fig. 1, sampling site 1), 36°50’34” N, 99°42’39” E, 3210 m asl, Bing Liu, 19 th July 2019 (holotype BM! 98361= Fig. 2; isotype JIU! G202002 = Fig. 3). Etymology: —Named after Lake Qinghai, where the species was found. Ecology: —The following environmental parameters were measured in the field: Electrical conductance 16296.7 ± 86.2 µS∙ cm-1; pH 9.14 ± 0.01; water temperature 15.5 ± 0.3 °C. Similar taxa: Pinnularia boliviana S. Blanco, Álvarez-Blanco & Cejudo-Figueiras (in Blanco et al. 2013: 15), P. rhombarea var. halophila Krammer ( 2000: 76) and P. halophila Krammer (1992: 146; see also Krammer 2000: 137) all live in brackish water and in some respects are similar to P. qinghainensis. Pinnularia boliviana differs from P. qinghainensis by its lower stria density (12–13 vs. 13–16 in 10 μm), its wider valves (10.8–16.4 vs. 8–11 μm), and its fascia (in P. qinghainensis the central area may not constitute a fascia). Pinnularia rhombarea var. halophila has broader valves (12–15 vs. 8–11μm) and lower stria density (10–11 vs. 13–16 in 10 μm). Pinnularia halophila has broader valves (17–22 vs. 8–11μm) and much lower stria density (8–9 vs. 13–16 in 10 μm). Pinnularia brebissonii (Kützing 1844: 93) Rabenhorst (1864: 222) also has a lower stria density than P. qinghainensis (12–13 vs. 13–16 in 10 μm). Pinnularia qinghainensis is only known from the type locality and is a rare species (its relative abundance is ca. 0.4%). The diatom samples that included P. qinghainensis were scraped off from stone surfaces immersed in brackish water, hence, the species may be recognized as a brackish-water epilithic diatom. Most of the companion species (e.g. Ctenophora sinensis Bing Liu & D.M. Williams (in Liu et al. 2020: 119), Entomoneis spp., Halamphora spp., Berkeleya sp., Triblionella spp., Brachysira sp. and Surirella spp.) in the samples are either marine or brackish-water diatoms which will be reported later.Published as part of Deng, Li-Ying, Blanco, Saúl, Liu, Bing, Quan, Si-Jin & Long, Ji-Yan, 2021, Pinnularia qinghainensis: a new diatom species (Bacillariophyta) found in the brackish Lake Qinghai, China, pp. 80-84 in Phytotaxa 483 (1) on pages 80-81, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.483.1.5, http://zenodo.org/record/542026
sj-docx-2-npx-10.1177_1934578X211039922 - Supplemental material for Integrative Analysis to Uncover the Molecular Mechanisms of <i>Caesalpinia sappan</i> L. for Anti-Cancer Activity
No full textSupplemental material, sj-docx-2-npx-10.1177_1934578X211039922 for Integrative Analysis to Uncover the Molecular Mechanisms of Caesalpinia sappan L. for
Anti-Cancer Activity by Bing Liu and Hao Lian in Natural Product Communications</p
sj-docx-1-npx-10.1177_1934578X211039922 - Supplemental material for Integrative Analysis to Uncover the Molecular Mechanisms of <i>Caesalpinia sappan</i> L. for Anti-Cancer Activity
No full textSupplemental material, sj-docx-1-npx-10.1177_1934578X211039922 for Integrative Analysis to Uncover the Molecular Mechanisms of Caesalpinia sappan L. for
Anti-Cancer Activity by Bing Liu and Hao Lian in Natural Product Communications</p
Bacillaria dongtingensis Bing Liu & D. M. Williams 2021, sp. nov.
No full textBacillaria dongtingensis Bing Liu & D.M. Williams sp. nov. (Figs 30–58) LM: Valves linear-lanceolate, tapering to cuneate or rostrate (Figs 30–40). Valve dimensions (n = 81): 53–99 μm long, 4.4–5.7 μm wide. Fibulae distinct, placed approximately along valve midline, unevenly spaced, 6–12 in 10 μm. Striae indistinct, parallel throughout valve, 24–26 in 10 μm. Fault sites on valve broader side difficult to discern using LM. SEM: Colony and frustule view: Cell to cell attachment forms colony (Fig. 41). At least two open girdle bands (Figs 43–46, labeled B1 to B2). Poroids of valvocopula covered externally by hymenes (Figs 45, 46). TABLE 1. Comparison among similar Bacillaria species. Valve view: Valve linear-lanceolate (Figs 41, 43, 47, 53). Raphe nearly central, continuous from pole to pole, distal raphe endings T-shaped (Figs 45, 46, 49, 52); one raphe flange present on narrower side of valve, irregular or complete lacking, terminating before reaching poles (Figs 42–52, RF). Transapical ribs originated with raphe ribs, parallel; striae uniseriate, composed of rounded areolae covered by hymenes externally, continuing onto mantle. Marginal spines distinct (e.g., Figs 44–46, 48, 49). On broader side of valve, transapical rib forms two branches at some sites (Figs 42, 50, 51, 52, 55, 57, arrow, respectively; 58, two arrows), sometimes two transapical ribs merge into one (Figs 42, 48, 50, 54, 55, three curved arrows, respectively). Fibulae rib-like, arching into cell (Figs 53–58). Two fibular ribs asymmetrical, i.e. fibular rib on broader side of valve more developed than that on narrower side (Figs 54, 56, FR). Internally, raphe straight, continuing from pole to pole where its distal raphe fissure curves into raised helictoglossa (Figs 55, 56). Type:— CHINA. Hunan province: West Dongting Lake, Yang’s Village, a sampling point near the lakeshore, 28°52’29.5” N, 112°16’52” E, 50 m asl., Bing Liu, 23 rd April 2017 (holotype BM! 81955, specimen circled on slide, illustrated as = Fig. 30; isotype JIU! G202102, specimen circled on slide, illustrated as Fig. 32). Etymology:—Named after Dongting Lake, where the species was found. Ecology:— Bacillaria dongtingensis was commonly found in the surface sediment collected in West Dongting Lake with B. sinensis. For details see above.Published as part of Long, Ji-Yan, Williams, David M., Liu, Bing & Zhou, Yang-Yan, 2021, Two new freshwater species of Bacillaria (Bacillariophyta) from Dongting Lake, China, pp. 243-256 in Phytotaxa 513 (3) on pages 249-254, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.513.3.4, http://zenodo.org/record/531050
Pinnularia molderii fm. spitsbergensis D. M. Williams, Bing Liu & Taxbock 2022, nom. nov.
No full textPinnularia molderii f. spitsbergensis D.M. Williams, Bing Liu & Taxböck nom. nov. ≡ Pinnularia hustedtii f. spitsbergensis Foged 1981: 148, pl. 42, fig. 8 (Foged 1964: 122, “ Pinnularia hustedtii forma”) Type:— Alaska, Spitzbergen, C 466/1963, holotype; ANSP GC 64404, isotype (Mahoney & Reimer 1997: 170).Published as part of Williams, David M., Liu, Bing & Taxböck, Lukas, 2022, Pinnularia hustedtii (Bacillariophyta): Notes on specimens from Wuling Mountains, China and from type material, pp. 294-300 in Phytotaxa 536 (3) on page 299, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.536.3.10, http://zenodo.org/record/633185
Bacillaria sinensis Bing Liu & D. M. Williams 2021, sp. nov.
No full text<i>Bacillaria sinensis</i> Bing Liu & D.M. Williams <i>sp</i>. <i>nov.</i> (Figs 1–29) <p>LM: Valves linear-lanceolate, often with slightly swollen central margins (e.g. Figs 1–9), tapering to cuneate or rostrate apices (Figs 1–11). Valve dimensions (n = 40): 52–84 μm long, 4.6–5.6 μm wide. Fibulae distinct, situated approximately along valve midline, unevenly spaced, 7–12 in 10 μm. Striae indistinct, parallel throughout valve, 27–29 in 10 μm. Fault sites on valve broader side difficult to discern using LM.</p> <p> SEM: <i>Colony and frustule view:</i> Cell to cell attachment forms colony (Figs 12, 13). Frustule composed of (probably) five open girdle bands (Figs 14–17, labeled B1 to B5), four associated with the epivalve, only one is seen with the hypovalve (Figs 16, 17). Pars exterior deeper than pars interior, stepped, two rows of poroids located in pars exterior along midline, except near each apex becoming one row (Figs 15, 16, arrow, 17). Poroids of valvocopula covered externally by hymenes (Figs 15–17).</p> <p> <i>Valve view:</i> Valve linear-lanceolate, with slightly swollen central margins (Figs 18, 24). Raphe nearly central, continuous from pole to pole, distal raphe endings T-shaped (‘tongue-in-groove’ structure); two raphe flanges present on each side of raphe, asymmetrical due to raphe flange on narrower valve side more developed than that on broader side, terminating before reaching poles (Figs 14–23). Transapical ribs originate with raphe ribs, parallel; striae uniseriate, composed of rounded areolae covered by hymenes externally, continuing onto mantle. Marginal spines absent. On broader side of valve, one transapical rib forming two branches at some sites (Figs 19, 21, 25, 28, 29, arrow, respectively), or two merging into one occasionally (Figs 15, curved arrow; 19, 22, 23, 29, three curved arrows, respectively). Fibulae rib-like, arching into cell (Figs 24–29). Two fibular ribs asymmetrical, i.e. fibular rib on broader side of valve more developed than that on narrower side (Fig. 26, arrows). Internally, raphe straight, continuing from pole to pole where its distal raphe fissure curves into raised helictoglossa (Figs 26, 27).</p> <p> <b>Type</b>:— CHINA. Hunan province: West Dongting Lake, Yang’s Village, a sampling point near the lakeshore, 28° 52’ 29.5” N, 112° 16’ 52” E, 50 m asl., <i> Bing Liu, 23 rd April 2017</i> (holotype BM! 81944, specimen circled on slide, illustrated as Fig. 1; isotype JIU! G202101, specimen circled on slide, illustrated as Fig. 3).</p> <p> <b>Etymology</b>:—Named after China where the species was found (the specific locality is Dongting Lake).</p> <p> <b>Ecology</b>:— <i>Bacillaria sinensis</i> was commonly found in the surface sediment collected in West Dongting Lake. Associated species comprised <i>Entomoneis triundulata</i> Bing Liu & D.M. Williams (in Liu <i>et al</i>. 2018: 242), <i>Ulnaria dongtingensis</i> Bing Liu (in Liu <i>et al</i>. 2019: 127), and some species of <i>Navicula</i> Bory (1822: 128), <i>Nitzschia</i> Hassall (1845: 435), <i>Sellaphora</i> Mereschkowsky (1902:186), <i>Surirella</i> Turpin (1828: 362, 363), <i>Tryblionella</i> Smith (1853: 35), and others. The following environmental parameters were measured in the field. Conductivity was 109.3 ± 0.1 μS∙ cm-1, pH was 8.3 ± 0.2 and water temperature was 23.5 ± 0.3 °C. Since the diatom sample was collected using lens tissue from the mud surface and the water conductivity is above 100 μS∙ cm-1, <i>Bacillaria sinensis</i> can be considered an epipelic alkaliphilous diatom characteristic of moderate electrolyte content in freshwaters.</p>Published as part of <i>Long, Ji-Yan, Williams, David M., Liu, Bing & Zhou, Yang-Yan, 2021, Two new freshwater species of Bacillaria (Bacillariophyta) from Dongting Lake, China, pp. 243-256 in Phytotaxa 513 (3)</i> on pages 245-249, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.513.3.4, <a href="http://zenodo.org/record/5310508">http://zenodo.org/record/5310508</a>
Oricymba fanjingensis Bing Liu & Rioual 2023, sp. nov.
No full text<i>Oricymba fanjingensis</i> Bing Liu & Rioual <i>sp. nov.</i> (LM: Figs 40–53, SEM: Figs 54–71) <p> <b>Description:—</b> LM: Valves asymmetric to apical axis, dorsiventral with dorsal margin a little more arcuate than ventral margin (Figs 40–53). Apices apiculate. Valve dimensions (n = 36): 34–59 μm long, 9.9–14.6 μm wide, length/width ratio range 3.2–4.7, median 4.0. Axial area narrow, rhombic-lanceolate, expanded at oval central area. Raphe filiform. Proximal raphe endings deflected towards ventral side. Central pores present. Central area asymmetrical, small, occupying c. 1/4 of the valve width, flanked by c. 3 or 4 shortened ventral striae and 1 or 2 shortened dorsal striae. A stigma evident on ventral side of valve. Striae slightly radiate throughout valve, 8–10 in 10 μm in central portion of dorsal side, 7–11 in 10 μm in central portion of ventral side. Areolae easily resolved under LM, 20–24 in 10 μm.</p> <p>SEM, external view: Valves asymmetric along apical axis, proximal raphe endings clearly bent towards ventral side, and distal raphe fissures deflected towards dorsal side (Figs 54, 60–62). Marginal ridges evident along both dorsal and ventral valve margins (Fig. 54, four arrows; Figs 55–57, two arrows). Two valve surface ridges produced (Fig. 54, four wavy arrows; Figs 55–57, two wavy arrows), each parallel to each marginal ridge, thus two grooves formed (Figs 55–57, 63–65, two double-headed arrows). External openings of areolae mostly slit-like. Dentate projections produced under each external opening of areola. Apical pore field forming a continuous area, not divided by distal raphe fissure, clearly separated from areolae (Figs 58, 59), composed of c. 5–8 transapical rows and 12–14 pervalvar rows. Foramina of apical pore field mostly rounded, a notch on dorsal side of distal raphe fissure is present (Figs 58, 59, arrow, respectively). Valve mantle deep, meeting valve face at a right angle (Figs 66, 67). Striae continuing onto valve mantle, but terminated before mid-line of valve mantle, such that abvalvar part of mantle without ornaments.</p> <p>SEM, internal view: Valve slightly asymmetric along apical axis with apiculate apices, raphe straight, almost along the valve mid-line, virgae and depressed striae alternate throughout valve (Figs 66, 67). Proximal raphe endings not visible because obscured by flap above central nodule (Fig. 68, wavy arrow) and distal raphe ends terminating in knob-like helictoglossae (Figs 69–71). Internally, stigma having two slit-like openings, both with fine ingrowths from perimeter (Fig. 68, two arrowheads). Areola internal openings occluded by dentate projections (Figs 68–70). Apical pore field clearly separated from other parts of valve (Fig. 71).</p> <p> <b>Type:—</b> CHINA. Guizhou Province: Jiangkou County, sampling point from a headwater stream that runs into the Dajiang River (27°49′48″ N, 108°45′53″ E, 500 m asl), <i> Bing Liu, December 31 st 2015</i> (holotype JIU! Slide DIA202202, specimen circled on slide = Fig. 40). Registration: http://phycobank.org/103644.</p> <p> <b>Etymology:—</b> Named after Fanjing Mountain, where the species was found.</p> <p> <b>Ecology:—</b> Inhabiting surfaces of submerged stones, thus, belonging to river epilithon. In fresh waters, detailed information in Table 1. This species was associated with <i>Achnanthidium sinense</i> Bing Liu & Blanco (in Liu <i>et al</i>., 2016: 195), <i>A. minutissimum</i> (Kützing) Czarnecki (Czarnecki 1994: 157), and several unidentified species of <i>Ulnaria</i> (Kützing) Compère (2001: 100) and <i>Encyonema</i> Kützing (1834: 529).</p>Published as part of <i>Yuan, Li, Liu, Bing, Rioual, Patrick, Yi, Man-Qi & Zheng, Yan, 2023, Two new species of Oricymba (Bacillariophyta) from China, described with reference to the structure of the apical pore field, pp. 181-195 in Phytotaxa 591 (3)</i> on page 188, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.591.3.1, <a href="http://zenodo.org/record/7800808">http://zenodo.org/record/7800808</a>
sj-docx-1-jht-10.1177_10963480221141616 – Supplemental material for User Interactions in Online Travel Communities: A Social Network Perspective
No full textSupplemental material, sj-docx-1-jht-10.1177_10963480221141616 for User Interactions in Online Travel Communities: A Social Network Perspective by Bing Liu, Fang Meng, Chaoliang Luo and Hui Jiang in Journal of Hospitality & Tourism Research</p
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