8 research outputs found
Assessment of Reliability of Greulich and Pyle (GP) Method for Determination of Age of Children at Debre Markos Referral Hospital, East Gojjam Zone
No full textIntroduction: The significance of chronological age has gained salience in response to the development of laws and policies that rely on age as a marker or boundary. Skeletal age, or bone age, is the most common measure for biological maturation of the growing human. Greulich & Pyle and Tanner-Whitehouse (TW2) are the most prevalently employed skeletal age techniques today. However, the applicability of the Greulich & Pyle standards to populations which differ from their reference population is often questioned.
Objectives: To assess reliability of Greulich and Pyle (GP) method for determination of age of children at Debre Markos referral hospital, East Gojjam Zone, Ethiopia.
Subjects and methods: Hospital based cross sectional study design was applied to children coming to Debre Markos referral hospital from May to October 2015 GC who are fulfilling inclusion criteria of the study. The data was analyzed using SPSS version 20 and medcalc version 15 software. Significance was set at α= 0.05.
Results: A total of 108 radiographs were analyzed. Mean skeletal age values are generally less than the corresponding chronological age. 64% of males and 63% of females sample CA were under estimated. The mean under-estimation was 11.8 months in the female sample and 8.7 months in the male sample. Although significant correlations were found to exist between SA and CA (p = .000), there was a significant difference between CA and SA (male, p = 0.0196; female, p = 0.0029). These differences occurred at 14, 19, 20, 21 and 22 years of age in females and 21 and 22 years of age in males.GP became inapplicable for the sample at 16 years for females and 16.5 years for males and later. Delay in skeletal maturation was observed in both sexes but the females in the sample are maturing earlier than the males.
Conclusion: The findings of this study suggest against the applicability of GP atlas and may not be directly applicable to an East Gojjam zone population.
Recommendation: Large scale researches should be planned and nationwide guideline and atlas which can easily be used throughout the country should be developed
Precancerous lesions of the cervix and its determinants among Ethiopian women: Systematic review and meta-analysis.
No full textIntroductionPrecancerous lesions of the cervix are changes in cervical cells that make them more likely to develop into cancer. Understanding the prevalence and determinants of the precancerous lesions of the cervix among women helps to take an action like vaccination programs, improving screening coverage, and close management and follow-up which could decrease the morbidity and mortality caused by cervical cancer.Materials and methodsThe international databases, PubMed/MEDLINE, Web of Science, EMBASE, CINAHL, Google Scholar, Science Direct and Cochrane Library and unpublished reports were systematically searched. Two authors independently extracted all necessary data using a standardized data extraction format. STATA 14 statistical software was employed to analyse the data. The Cochrane Q test statistics and I2 tests were used to assess the heterogeneity between the studies. A random-effect model was computed to estimate the pooled prevalence of precancerous lesions of the cervix in Ethiopia. Determinants of the precancerous lesion of cervix (early initiation of sexual intercourse, multiple sexual partners, and history of sexually transmitted infection) were analysed.ResultsThirteen studies fulfilled the inclusion criteria and included in the meta-analysis. The I2 test result showed high heterogeneity (I2, 93.2%, p = ConclusionThe pooled prevalence of the precancerous lesions of the cervix among Ethiopian women was 9.43%. It was associated with having multiple sexual partners and a history of sexually transmitted infections
Assessment of reliability of Greulich and Pyle (gp) method for determination of age of children at Debre Markos Referral Hospital, East Gojjam Zone
No full textBackground: Greulich and Pyle standards are the most widely used age estimation standards all over the world. The applicability of the Greulich and Pyle standards to populations which differ from their reference population is often questioned. This study aimed to assess the reliability of Greulich and Pyle (GP) method for determination of age of children at Debre Markos Referral Hospital, East Gojjam Zone, Ethiopia. Subjects and Methods: Hospital based cross sectional study design was applied to children who came to Debre Markos Referral Hospital from May to October 2015 and fulfilled the inclusion criteria of the study. The data was analyzed using SPSS version 20 and medcalc version 15 softwares. Significance was set at α = 0.05. Results: A total of 108 radiographs were analyzed. Chronological age in most of the children was under estimated. The mean under-estimation was 11.8 months in the female sample and 8.7 months in the male sample. Greulich and Pyle method became inapplicable for the sample at 16 years for females and 16.5 years for males and later. Delay in skeletal maturation was observed in both sexes, but the females in the sample matured earlier than the males. Conclusion: The findings of this study suggest against the applicability of GP atlas which were not directly applicable to an East Gojjam Zone population. Large scale studies should be planned and nationwide guideline, and atlas which can easily be used throughout the country should be developed. Keywords: Chronological age, bone age, Greulich and Pyl
Additional file 1 of The neurodevelopmental basis of schizophrenia: clinical clues from craniofacial dysmorphology in northwest Ethiopia, 2020
No full textAdditional file 1. Landmarks on craniofacial region used for anthropometric assessments
Assessment of reliability of Greulich and Pyle (gp) method for determination of age of children at Debre Markos Referral Hospital, East Gojjam Zone
No full textEffects of dietary diversification during pregnancy on birth outcomes in east Gojjam, northwest Ethiopia: A prospective cohort study
No full textIntroductionAdequate nutrient intake during pregnancy is an important key factor affecting fetal growth and birth outcomes, as well as maternal health, as demonstrated by experimental animal studies. However, the few human studies available, especially those conducted in the least developed countries (LDCs), are much less consistent. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the association between dietary diversification during pregnancy and birth outcomes in Gojjam, Ethiopia.MethodologyA facility-based prospective cohort study was conducted on 416 pregnant mothers (exposed and non-exposed) from December 2019 to January 2020. Information about the Women's Dietary Diversity Score (WDDS) was collected using the Food and Agricultural Organization's guidelines. Data were collected through interviewer-administered questionnaires and measurements. Log-binomial regression analysis was performed to estimate the relative risk of adverse birth outcomes. Energy, macronutrient, and micronutrient amounts were calculated using the nutrition survey software version 2007. The differences between groups were noticed using analysis of variance. Eta squared was estimated in the current study.ResultsThe overall magnitude of low birth weight, preterm birth, and stillbirth in the study area, respectively, was 41%, 38%, and 4%. After adjustment for baseline characteristics, this study revealed that pregnant women in the inadequate WDDS group were at increased risk of LBW (ARR = 6.4; 95% CI: 3.4, 12) and PTD (ARR = 6.3; 95% CI: 3.3, 11.95) as compared with their counterparts but no difference in the occurrence of stillbirth (ARR = 1.08; 95% CI: 0.20, 5.79).ConclusionOverall, this study found a large magnitude of low birth weight and preterm birth. Inadequate intake of dietary diversity during pregnancy significantly increased the rate of low birth weight and preterm birth. Thus, we recommend the concerned body to work on improving the feeding practices of pregnant mothers in the study area
A Study of Reconstructing the Historical Link between Wolaitta and Damot Kingdom of Wolaitta in Ethiopia
No full textThe purpose of this article is to reconstruct the misunderstanding on historical link of medieval state of Wolaitta and Damot. Damot was the medieval state name of Wolaitta for outsiders and neighbors. The name Damot was the administrative center of medieval Wolaitta at the top of Mount Damot. However, Tsehay Brahan - Sellassie; the author of an article “The Question of Damot and Wolaitta” created miss conception that brings disagreement on historical link between Wolaitta and Damot. Besides, Tsehay added that Wolaitta, Damot and king ‘Motolomi’ had no relation amongst each other. Thus his study used primary sources of data intensively to validate as to whether ‘Damot’ was the name of the state of Wolaitta or only an administrative centre of Wolaitta (town) during medieval time. The study also used secondary sources of data. The result of this study indicated that Wolaitta was the name of the kingdom and Damot was the name of the administrative center for kingdom of Wolaitta in which non-natives refer the kingdom by the name of Damot. Therefore, Wolaitta was the name of the kingdom, and Damot (Damota native name) was the administrative center of Wolaitta. Thus, based on the conclusion of this study the new generation is allowed to know their history by contending such misunderstanding of their community and preserve their history
Immunohistochemistry-derived subtypes of breast cancer distribution in four regions of Ethiopia
No full textPurpose: Different biological characteristics, therapeutic responses, and diseasespecific
outcomes are associated with different molecular subtypes of breast
cancer (BC). Although there have been different studies on BC in the Ethiopian
capital city of Addis Ababa, there have been few studies in other parts of the
nation, and none have evaluated biological characteristics in other locations in
the context of the extensive ethnic and genetic diversity found in Ethiopia. This
study was carried out to evaluate the distribution of immunohistochemistry (IHC)
subtypes of BCs throughout four Ethiopian regions.
Methods: A total of 227 formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded (FFPE) tissue blocks
were collected from tertiary hospitals in four Ethiopian regions between 2015
and 2021. The IHC staining was performed for subtyping, ER, PR, HER2, and Ki-67
proliferation markers.
Frontiers in Endocrinology 01 frontiersin.org
OPEN ACCESS
EDITED BY
Shahin Sayed,
Aga Khan University Hospital, Kenya
REVIEWED BY
Sallie Schneider,
Baystate Medical Center, United States
Dana Carmen Zaha,
University of Oradea, Romania
Tjokorda Gde Bagus Mahadewa,
Udayana University, Indonesia
*CORRESPONDENCE
Esmael Besufikad Belachew
[email protected]
†These authors have contributed equally to
this work
RECEIVED 29 June 2023
ACCEPTED 20 October 2023
PUBLISHED 09 November 2023
CITATION
Belachew EB, Desta AF, Gebremariam TY,
Deneke DB, Ashenafi S, Yeshi MM,
Fenta BD, Alem AT/H, Alemu A, Abafogi AK,
Desta T, Chanyalew M, Beshah D, Taylor L,
Bauer M, Tsehay D, Girma S, Melka DS,
Tessema TS, Kantelhardt EJ and Howe R
(2023) Immunohistochemistry-derived
subtypes of breast cancer distribution in
four regions of Ethiopia.
Front. Endocrinol. 14:1250189.
doi: 10.3389/fendo.2023.1250189
COPYRIGHT
© 2023 Belachew, Desta, Gebremariam,
Deneke, Ashenafi, Yeshi, Fenta, Alem, Alemu,
Abafogi, Desta, Chanyalew, Beshah, Taylor,
Bauer, Tsehay, Girma, Melka, Tessema,
Kantelhardt and Howe. This is an openaccess
article distributed under the terms of
the Creative Commons Attribution License
(CC BY). The use, distribution or
reproduction in other forums is permitted,
provided the original author(s) and the
copyright owner(s) are credited and that
the original publication in this journal is
cited, in accordance with accepted
academic practice. No use, distribution or
reproduction is permitted which does not
comply with these terms.
TYPE Original Research
PUBLISHED 09 November 2023
DOI 10.3389/fendo.2023.1250189
Results: The mean age at diagnosis was 43.9 years. The percentage of ER and
PR-negative tumors were 48.3% and 53.2%, respectively. The IHC subtypes
showed the following distribution: 33.1% triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC),
27.6% luminal B, 25.2% luminal A, and 14.1% HER2 enriched. In multiple logistic
regression analysis, grade III and HER2 positivity were associated with larger
tumor size, and also originating from Jimma compared to Mekele.
Conclusion: Patients with ER-negative, PR-negative, and TNBC were found in
48.3%, 53.2%, and 33.1% of cases, respectively, showing that half the patients
could potentially benefit from endocrine treatment. A considerably high
prevalence of TNBC was reported in our study, demanding additional research
that includes genetic predisposition factors. Additionally, aggressive tumors were
found in a high percentage of younger age groups, which must be considered
when planning personalized treatment strategies
