20 research outputs found
Capital flows, macroeconomic management, and the financial system - Turkey, 1989-97
No full textRecent developments in a number of emerging economies have heightened interest in the relationship between macroeconomic management and financial regulation, in an environment of open capital accounts and large-scale movements of private capital. The authors analyze the Turkish experience with capital flows in a macro-economy characterized by chronically high inflation and fiscal deficits. They study the relationship between capital flows, macroeconomic management, and vulnerability in the financial system. Their analysis highlights the importance of fiscal policy in an era of large capital flows. Fiscal imbalances contributed both to real exchange rate appreciation and high real interest rates in Turkey. The high interest rates the government must pay on domestic debt have become one of the key issues of Turkey's macroeconomic management. Only by reducing its interest expenses can fiscal deficits be reduced and greater stability be achieved. The Turkishbanking system, in becoming increasingly integrated with international financial markets, has become vulnerable to shifts in market confidence. Banks borrowed abroad in response to macroeconomic imbalances to benefit from high interest rates on domestic loans and government paper. In the process, the banks have exposed themselves to interest rate risk, to foreign-exchange risk, and to large credit risks. To reduce the Turkish economy's vulnerability to external shocks, financial regulation must be strengthened simultaneously with the achievement of macroeconomic stability.Capital Markets and Capital Flows,Fiscal&Monetary Policy,International Terrorism&Counterterrorism,Economic Theory&Research,Banks&Banking Reform,Macroeconomic Management,Economic Theory&Research,Banks&Banking Reform,Financial Economics,Settlement of Investment Disputes
Optimization of strength of friction stir welded joints for AISI 430 ferritic stainless steels by genetic algorithm
No full textIn this paper, friction stir welding technique was used to join ferritic stainless steels, AISI 430. Ferritic stainless steel sheets were successfully joined considering both, the appearance of the welding bead and the strength of the welded joint by selecting proper weld parameters and tool material. The weld parameters such as revolutions, traverse speeds, compressive tool forces and tool tilt angles influenced the tensile strength of welded joints. Genetic algorithm model was developed to perceive the stronger joints by selecting proper welding parameter combinations. The strong welded joint higher than base material was obtained with appropriate welding parameter combinations, having a revolution of 1,120 rpm, compressive tool force of 4.5 kN, traverse speed of 125 mm min-1, and tool tilt angle of 0°. Best welding parameter combinations resulted in ultra fine grain structures in the welding zone and high-quality welded joint. © 2014, Springer-Verlag London
On the reception of Elfriede Jelinek in Turkey
No full textJelinek is an author, whose reception in Turkey has begun recently. This article aims to determine how Elfiriede Jelinek has been perceived in Turkey so far. Die Liebhaberinnen, Lust, Die Kiavierspielerin and Gier are translated into Turkish. These translations cannot convey the origitial use of language and style of Jelinek's texts and they include some very major errors as well. Such misrepresentation of Jelinek's use of language, style and qualities of intertextuality has a negative effect on the reception of Jelinek's texts. Most of the reviews on Jelinek's texts and certain modes of reception do not include the cultural, social and political contexts of these texts and as a result the reception occurs only partially. Possible reasons for this can be the existent cultural and social distance and the lack of literary criticism in Turkey. As a result, it can be concluded that Elfriede Jelinek has a very partial reception in Turkey
Comparison of the effects of intravenous and peritonsillar dexamethasone plus levopubivacaine in children
No full textAmaç: Çalışmamızda, çocuklarda tonsillektomilerde, peritonsiller levobupivakaine eklenen i.v. (intravenöz) deksametazon ve peritonsiller deksametazonun postoperatif ağrı, kanama, bulantı ve kusma üzerine etkisinin değerlendirilmesi amaçlandı. Gereç ve Yöntem: Çalışmaya Çukurova Üniversitesi Tıp Fakültesi Hastanesi Etik Kurul Onayı ve ailelerin yazılı onamı alındıktan sonra, elektif tonsillektomi veya adenotonsillektomi operasyonu yapılması planlanan 3-12 yaş arası ASA (American Society of Anesthesiologist) I- II toplam 60 hasta dahil edildi. Operasyona alınan tüm hastalar randomize olarak 3 gruba ayrıldı. Anestezi indüksiyonu sonrası cerrahi başlamadan önce Grup ?'de (n=20) olgulara, her bir tonsile % 0,5 levobupivakain 0,4 mg/kg (maximum 4’er ml) ile peritonsiller infiltrasyon yapıldı. Grup II’de levobupivakaine ek olarak (n=20) 0.25 mg/kg i.v. deksametazon, Grup III’deki olgulara ise levobupivakaine ek olarak peritonsiller 4 mg deksametazon uygulandı. Her üç gruba da postoperatif analjezik olarak 1 mg/kg i.v. tramadol uygulandı. Preoperatif ve ilaçların enjeksiyonunu takiben hemodinamik parametreler kaydedildi. Postoperatif dönemde, uyanma odasında 1 saat (erken dönem) ve sonraki 24 saat (geç dönem) veya taburcu olana kadar bulantı ve kusma sıklığı, analjezi düzeyleri, ilk analjeziğe gereksinim zamanı, ağrı düzeyi (VAS;Vizüel Analog Skala ve CHEOPS;Children’s Hospital of Eastern Ontorio Pain Scale) 10, 20, 30 ve 45. dakikalar ile 1, 2, 4, 6 ve 24. saatlerde kaydedildi. Postoperatif erken ve geç dönemde kanama olup olmadığı kaydedildi. Bulgular: Grupların demografik verileri ve hemodinamik parametrelerinin benzer olduğu ve aralarında istatistiksel olarak anlamlı bir fark bulunmadığı belirlendi. Grup I'de bulantı, kusma yüzdesinin daha yüksek olduğu saptandı. Ek analjezik başlama süresi Grup I'de 3,15±0,88 saat, Grup II'de 4,85±1,09 saat ve Grup III'de 5±1,21 saat olup istatistiksel olarak anlamlı bulundu (p<0,05). Postoperatif dönemde VAS değerlerinin Grup II'de Grup I ve III'ten daha düşük olduğu tespit edildi. Hiç bir hastada kanama ve diğer yan etkilere rastlanmadı. Sonuç: Çocuklarda tonsillektomilerde, intravenöz ve peritonsiller deksametazonun tek başına peritonsiller levobupivakaine göre postoperatif analjezi süresini uzattığı, bulantı-kusmayı azalttığı, tonsillektomi sonrası kanamaya etkisinin olmadığı kanısına varıldı.Purpose: We aimed to investigate the effects of intravenous and peritonsillar dexamethasone plus levopubivacaine on postoperative pain, bleeding, nausea and vomiting in children undergoing tonsillectomy or adenotonsillectomy. Methods: After obtaining the approval of Ethics Committee of Çukurova University Medical Faculty Hospital and the patients were given informed consent, 60 patients of ASA (American Society of Anesthesiologist) class I- II between ages 3-12 which were planned to be undergone elective tonsillectomy or adenotonsillectomy were included. All patients were randomised and divided into 3 groups. After anesthesia induction, Group I (n=20) patients received 0.4 mg/kg %0.5 levobupivacaine for each tonsil at the dose of max. 4 ml with peritonsillar infiltration after before tonsillectomy. While Group II (n=20) and Group III (n=20) received levobupivacaine via the same route, Group II received i.v. (intravenous) dexamethasone 0.25 mg/kg and Group III 4 mg dexamethasone with peritonsillar infiltration additionally. All groups were administrated 1mg/kg tramadol iv as postoperative analgesic. Hemodynamic parameters were recorded after drug injections. Frequency of nausea and vomiting and analgesic requirements determined with Visual Analog Scale (VAS) and CHEOPS (Children’s Hospital of Eastern Ontario Pain Scale) at first, 10th, 20th, 30th, 45th minutes and first, 2nd, 4th, 6th and 24th hours were recorded. Postoperative bleeding were recorded at early and late periods. Results: The hemodynamic parameters and demographic data of groups were similar. The insidance of nausea and vomiting was statistically higher in Group I compared to Group II and III. First analgesic administered time was 3.15±0.88 in Group I, 4.85±1.09 in Group II and 5±1.21 in Group III and the difference was found significant. At postoperative period, VAS and CHEOPS scores were lower in group II than the other groups. Bleeding or other complications did not recorded. Conclusion: In concluded that, intravenous and peritonsillary dexamethasone prolonged the first analgesic administered time and decreased pain, nausea and vomiting compared to peritonsillar levobupivacaine alone in children undergoing tonsillectomy or adenotonsillectomy. However, dexamethasone did not increase postoperative bleeding after tonsillectomy
Comparison of the Effects of Intravenous and Peritonsillar Dexamethasone Plus Levopubivacaine in Children
No full textPurpose: We aimed to investigate the effects of intravenous and peritonsillar dexamethasone plus levopubivacaine on postoperative pain, bleeding, nausea and vomiting in children undergoing tonsillectomy or adenotonsillectomy. Methods: After obtaining the approval of Ethics Committee of Cukurova University Medical Faculty Hospital and the patients were given informed consent, 60 patients of ASA (American Society of Anesthesiologist) class I- II between ages 3-12 which were planned to be undergone elective tonsillectomy or adenotonsillectomy were included. All patients were randomised and divided into 3 groups. After anesthesia induction, Group I (n=20) patients received 0.4 mg/kg %0.5 levobupivacaine for each tonsil at the dose of max. 4 ml with peritonsillar infiltration after before tonsillectomy. While Group II (n=20) and Group III (n=20) received levobupivacaine via the same route, Group II received i.v. (intravenous) dexamethasone 0.25 mg/kg and Group III 4 mg dexamethasone with peritonsillar infiltration additionally. All groups were administrated 1mg/kg tramadol iv as postoperative analgesic. Hemodynamic parameters were recorded after drug injections. Frequency of nausea and vomiting and analgesic requirements determined with Visual Analog Scale (VAS) and CHEOPS (Children’s Hospital of Eastern Ontario Pain Scale) at first, 10th, 20th, 30th, 45th minutes and first, 2nd, 4th, 6th and 24th hours were recorded. Postoperative bleeding were recorded at early and late periods. Results: The hemodynamic parameters and demographic data of groups were similar. The insidance of nausea and vomiting was statistically higher in Group I compared to Group II and III. First analgesic administered time was 3.15±0.88 in Group I, 4.85±1.09 in Group II and 5±1.21 in Group III and the difference was found significant. At postoperative period, VAS and CHEOPS scores were lower in group II than the other groups. Bleeding or other complications did not recorded. Conclusion: In concluded that, intravenous and peritonsillary dexamethasone prolonged the first analgesic administered time and decreased pain, nausea and vomiting compared to peritonsillar levobupivacaine alone in children undergoing tonsillectomy or adenotonsillectomy. However, dexamethasone did not increase postoperative bleeding after tonsillectomy. [Cukurova Med J 2012; 37(4.000): 203-210
The effects of financial liberalization and new bank entry on market structure and competition in Turkey
No full textUntil 1980 Turkey's financial system was shaped to support state-oriented development. After the 1960s the financial system, dominated by commercial banks, became an instrument of planned industrialization. Turkey had an uncompetitive financial market and an inefficient banking system. Controlled interest rates, directed credit, high reserve requirements and other restrictions on financial intermediation, and restricted entry of new banks -plus the exit of many banks between 1960 and 1980- created a concentrated market dominated by banks owned by industrial groups with oversized branch networks and high overhead costs. Turkey since 1980 has seena trend toward liberalization of its financial market. Reforms eliminated interest rate controls, eased the entry of new financial institutions, and allowed new types of instruments. Regulatory barriers were relaxed, attracting many banks (both Turkish and foreign) into the system, and Turkey's banking system became integrated with world markets. The author examines how reform has changed the system, focusing on Turkey's commercial retail banking market. He finds that: (1) Although reform reduced concentration in the industry, leading banks are still able to coordinate their pricing decisions overtly. High profitability appears to have resulted from the banks uncompetitive pricing rather their efficiency. Deregulation and liberalization should be continued and strengthened. (2) The entry of small-scale firms alone is not enough to increase competition, so new banks should probably not be expected to alter the market structure. (3) To promote competition will require addressing barriers to both entry and mobility. The main barrier to mobility seems to be the size of the large banks, which exerts a significant negative effect on competition. (4) Interbank rivalry among the leading banks cannot be facilitated without creating new banks of a certain size with a reasonable number of branches. Breaking up public banks (which hold 30 percent of sectional assets, excluding the Agricultural Bank and three development banks) could help create 15 to 20 new banks with 40 to 50 branches. This would reduce concentration and improve mobility in retail banking. (5) Breaking up public banks before privatization would probably also improve their governance structures and efficiency. (6) Promoting the entry of nonbanks and local banks would also increase the number of institutions competing for deposits. Turkey lacks a healthy variety of credit institutions and should consider developing a mortgage market and creating institutions for housing finance.Payment Systems&Infrastructure,Financial Intermediation,Economic Theory&Research,Banks&Banking Reform,Markets and Market Access,Banks&Banking Reform,Financial Intermediation,Economic Theory&Research,Markets and Market Access,Access to Markets
Association of Apolipoprotein C-III Gene Polymorphisms (rs2854116 and rs2854117) with Susceptibility to Metabolic Dysfunction-Associated Steatotic Liver Disease (MASLD) in a Turkish Population
No full textBackground and Objectives: Metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) is characterized by the accumulation of fat in the liver, progressing from simple steatosis to various complications, with increasing prevalence in the modern world. Our study aimed to investigate the relationship between MASLD pathogenesis and the presence of apolipoprotein C-III (ApoC-III) gene variants rs2854116 and rs2854117 by comparing allele and genotype frequencies between MASLD patients and healthy individuals, as well as analyzing their association with biochemical parameters in Turkish populations. Materials and Methods: The study included 202 MASLD patients and 100 healthy controls who presented to our outpatient clinic. MASLD presence was determined by ultrasonography (USG). The demographic, laboratory, and clinical data of the participants were recorded. ApoC-III gene variants rs2854116 and rs2854117 were genotyped using the Polymerase Chain Reaction-Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) method from genomic DNA samples obtained from blood. Results: The genotype and allele frequencies of ApoC-III gene variants rs2854116 and rs2854117 did not show significant differences between patient and healthy groups (p > 0.05). When biochemical parameters were evaluated, the LDH value of rs2854116 variant CT/CC genotype carriers was found to be significantly higher than TT genotype carriers (p = 0.016). Conclusions: We observed a high prevalence of MASLD in our Turkish cohort. However, the specific genetic variants we investigated were not associated with MASLD status. This suggests that these variants may not be significant contributing factors to MASLD in this population
International publications of Academic Emergency Medicine Departments in Turkey: 15th year analysis
No full textAmaç: On beş yıl önce temelleri atılan Acil Tıp uzmanlığı günümüzde hemen her tıp fakültesinde kurulmuş olup akademik alandaki yerini almıştır. Akademik gelişim ve birikimin en objektif göstergelerinden birisi uluslararası yayınlardır. Biz ülkemizdeki acil tıp anabilim dallarının uluslararası yayın üretiminde geldiği aşamayı belirlemeyi amaçladık. Gereç ve Yöntem: Acil Tıp anabilim dalları tarafından üretilen ve Index Medicus tarafından indekslenen dergilerde 1 Ocak 1994 ile 30 Eylül 2009 tarihleri arasındaki yayınlanmış yayınları incelendi. Makaleler tipleri, konuları, Science Citation Index Expanded kapsamında olup olmaması, dergi ismi, yayın yılı, ilk isim yazarın acil tıp uzmanı olup olmaması ve anabilim dalına göre sınıflandırıldı. Bulgular: Belirtilen tarihler arasında acil tıp anabilim dallarından üretilmiş toplam 422 makale saptandı. Bu makalelerin 229’u, (%54.2) araştırma makaleleri iken, ikinci sıklıkta olgu sunumlarının yer aldığı görüldü (n=169, %40.0). Araştırma makalelerinin 156’sı (%68.1) klinik çalışma, 38’i (%16.6) hayvan deneyi ve 35’i de (%15.3) anket çalışmasıdır. Klinik verilerle oluşturulan çalışmaların 61’inin (%39.4) tanımlayıcı, 74’ünün (%47.7) kesitsel nitelikte, 20’sinin (%12.9) ise ileri yönelik randomize olduğu tespit edildi. Yayınlarda en sık saptanan konular toksikoloji-çevresel aciller (n=139, %32.9) ve travma-ortopedi (n=67, %15.9) idi. Yayınların %84.8‘i SCI-Expanded indekslerinde yer alıyordu. “American Journal of Emergency Medicine” Science Citation Index Expanded kapsamında en çok (n=45, %10.6) yayın yapılan dergidir. Yayınların 377’sinde (%89.3) ilk sıradaki yazar acil tıp uzmanı idi. Sonuç: Sayıları artan acil tıp öğretim üye ve elemanlarının yaptıkları yayınlar anabilim dallarının akademik birikimlerini olumlu etkilemiştir. 2004 yılından sonraki artış dikkat çekicidir, ancak daha nitelikli araştırma makaleleri yayınlaması, daha özgün konulara yönelmesi ve acil tıp literatürüne pratik uygulamaları değiştirecek nitelikte yayınlar yapmak gelecek hedefi olmalıdır.Objective: Emergency medicine had been established as a specialty in Turkey fifteen years ago. Today every medical school in Turkey have an academic emergency department. International publications are one of the best predictors of academic maturation and productivity. This study aims to analyze publication output of the academic emergency medicine departments in Turkey. Methods: Data in Index Medicus databases for published papers by the authors affiliated to the emergency medicine departments of university hospitals in Turkey between the period of January 1994 through September 2009 were searched. The articles were evaluated for the following criteria: types of research, subject, publication journal and year, first author and whether indexed in Science Citation Index. Results: 422 papers were retrived from the search between the study period. Two hundred twenty nine (54.2%) of these papers were original research articles. Second frequent articles were found to be case reports (n=169, 40.0%). One hundred fity six (68.1%) of the original articles (n=229) were clinical trials, 38 (16.6%) were animal studies and 35 (15.3%) were survey researches. Sixty one (39.4%) of those clinical trials were designed as descriptive, 74 (47.7%) were cross-sectional, and 20 (12.9%) of them were designed as randomised prospective study. Most frequent subjects of those papers were about toxicology and envorimental emergencies (n=139, %32.9) and trauma-othopedics (n=67, %15.9). Three hundred fifty eight (84.4%) of the publications were cited by Science Citation Index - Expanded. The most frequent publications located in Science Citation Index Expanded were publicated in &#8220;American Journal of Emergency Medicine&#8221; (n=45, %10.6). The first author was an emergency physician in 377 (89.3%) of publications. Conclusions: Publications produced by faculty members and staff of the emergency medicine departments, whose numbers are increasing, have a positive impact on departments&#8217; academic background in Turkey. The increase in numbers of the publications after 2004 is remarkable. However, the future objective should be to publish more qualified research articles about specific issues which will directly effect daily emergency medicine practice
