1,721,023 research outputs found
Italian households' willingness to pay for green electricity
No full textThe EU directive 2009/72/CE imposes environmental and energy targets on European countries. The goal of Italy is to attain 26.4% green electricity (GE) production from renewable energy sources (RES) by 2020. This goal imposes an extra cost on households; consequently, it is important to estimate their willingness to pay (WTP) to attain this target. Our research is based on a nationwide survey of households conducted in November 2007 in Italy, explicitly considering uncertainty and the compulsory burden on the electricity bill. The results obtained with different models indicate that there is a noticeable WTP among Italian households for the GE goal and that estimated WTP differs according to uncertainty. Indeed, median WTP is between 4.62 EUR and 8.05 EUR every two months per household. Finally, the relevance of these findings today has also been discussed
Convergence of KAYA components in the European Union toward the 2050 decarbonization target
No full textThe ambitious 2050 decarbonization strategy of the European Union (EU) must implement and reconcile several economic, social, and technological targets, such as continuous prosperity, growth, and increases in energy pro- duction and reductions in fossil fuel (FOS) intensity. These dimensions are included in a modified Kaya identity that, consequently, becomes a considerably useful accounting identity to analyze convergence among the EU member states toward a carbon neutrality target. Surprisingly, no comprehensive analysis of the convergence of the growth of all Kaya components toward the decarbonization target among the EU countries and the rest of the world has been conducted thus far. This study fills this gap in the literature by providing the first comprehensive evidence for the simultaneous convergence process of FOS reduction for all the Kaya components from 1990 to 2018. A balanced panel data is used in the study. The results reveal that there is evidence of -absolute and con- ditional -convergence process for several groups of EU countries. Furthermore, to provide policy recommenda- tions, we simulate alternative scenarios to assess when the target levels of decarbonization can be reached, pro- viding relevant policy implications for the credibility of the 2050 EU policy regarding climate change
The willingness to pay for Renewable Energy Sources (RES): the case of Italy with different survey approaches and under different EU climate vision
No full textIn reference to the “Renewable Sources” EU Directive 2001/77/CE the Italian goal, for 2010, is to attain the share of 22% in RES electricity production. In such context it becomes crucial to explore the existence of consumer’s Willingness to Pay (WTP) in order to use green energy in the electricity production. This study is founded on a
national survey with 1601 phone interviews made, in Italy, at the end of November 2006. This paper focus much on three issues. First one, how the different elicitation affects respondents choices, second one on the relationship between a “single point value” and “a valuation distribution” and finally on the gaps between different formats as: bidding game and dichotomous referendum (single bounded) contingent valuation method. In all the elicitations formats we make a “certainty correction” proposing five degree of acceptance: definitely yes and no (DY, DN), probably yes and no (PY, PN) and don’t know (DK). In order to apply the quantitative analysis, the original dataset has been appropriately treated, recoding DK, PN and PY responses. With regard to the results we found a significant path dependences in respondents answers due to the elicitation formats. Another important result is that also in “conservative” way we found a substantial willingness of consumers to partially cover the cost of Italian RES goal
ANALISI DELL’EFFICIENZA E DELL’ETEROGENEITA’ DEL TRASPORTO PUBBLICO LOCALE NELLE REGIONI ITALIANE
No full textQuesto contributo si concentra sulle caratteristiche tecnologiche e sull’efficienza delle aziende italiane di trasporto pubblico locale (TPL) inserendosi nel dibattito relativo alle dimensioni ottime delle aziende di TPL. L’analisi prende debitamente in considerazione la forte eterogeneità che caratterizza il settore mediante l’utilizzo della tecnica di regressione quantilica unitamente alla piu tradizionale analisi dell’efficienza con la frontiera di costo stocastica. I risultati mettono in luce: i) le aziende di medie dimensioni risultano più efficienti delle piccole, quelle del Nord-Est appaiono come le più efficienti e quelle miste conseguono maggiori livelli d’efficienza rispetto a quelle specializzate; ii) l’analisi condotta per i decili della distribuzione evidenzia come le economie di scala e di densità caratterizzino tutti i decili della distribuzione non sono perciò confinati alle imprese di piccola o media dimensione ma si estendono anche a quelle caratterizzate da una dimensione economica maggiore
Italian Consumers' Willingness to Pay for Renewable Energy Sources
No full textIt is well known that EU Directive 2009/72/CE imposes to the European Countries environmental and energy targets. The Italian goal is to attain a 17% share in electricity production from renewable sources by 2020. To make investment in renewables attractive, market prices must be profitable and the gap between the private and social costs of renewables must be filled using “persuasive” tools. Obviously, the acceptance of such a burden may be controversial because it results in an increase in prices. In this context, it becomes crucial to explore the consistency of consumer’s willingness to pay (WTP) for electricity production from RES. This study is based on a national survey conducted in November 2007 in Italy. We used a stochastic payment card (SPC) including a “certainty correction” and proposing five degrees of acceptance: definitely yes and no, probably yes and no and “do not know.” An empirical analysis shows that, even by the most conservative estimates, there is a substantial willingness among Italian consumers to partially cover the cost of achieving the RES goal
The analysis of determinants of public transport demand in the city of Perugia
No full textThere are several ways for promoting public transport demand. Perugia achieved a leading national position in the last decade by a tariff reform and provisioning an integrated local public transport included lifts and escalators. Since 1996 the number of demand trips is constantly increased and since then the demand has increased of 41%. This paper has two objectives. The first one is to identify the factors underlying the performance of local public transport in Perugia so an aggregate demand function is estimated for bus and urban railway trips in order to present evidences on demand elasticities with respect to the main attribute of local public transport and to the socio-demographic characteristics. The second aim is to evaluate the impact of the tariff reform and the consequences of the introduction of multiride tickets estimating a system of own and cross-prices elasticities for different ticket types
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