1,721,496 research outputs found
Recent transformation of the Italian labour market: towards a lifelong learning system
Get PDFLifelong learning is the issue that best characterises the recent development of Community policies. Since the formulation of the idea of an Europe of knowledge, the view of human capital as a strategic European resource has been progressively asserted and strengthened. In the light of the recent economic, social and cultural changes, the knowledge and skills acquired in childhood and adolescence can no longer be sufficient for a lifetime and it becomes essential to supplement education in adulthood. In this context, a positive and open attitude to learning and developing the concept of “learning to learn” become essential. In this paper the author examine some recent transformation of labour market and social policy system in Europe. Then she analyze the specific role, in a postfordist society characterized by the decline of European traditional welfare systems, of some innovative lifelong learning tools which have been introduced even in Italy in order to promote employability and active citizenship of individuals
The Distribution of Authorial Presence in Experimental Psychology Articles
Get PDFTraditionally, teachers, prescriptive grammars, and writing guides have imposed the use of impersonal style in scientific writing. And indeed, in scientific papers, authorial presence is frequently hidden behind passive forms or the personification of the text or experiment. Other times, however, the author surfaces primarily by means of singular or, more frequently, plural first person pronouns or determiners. A few quantitative contributions dealing with overt authorial presence in experimental papers exist, but none of them focuses specifically on psychology. Therefore, the current study aims at expanding the existing literature by analysing the distribution of overt authorial presence in a corpus of experimental psychology articles. The corpus consists of 43 articles (298,332 running words), divided by move; each sentence in the corpus was manually tagged to identify the step it performs. Hypothetically relevant key words (I, me, my, myself, we, us, our, ourselves, author, authors, author’s) were used as starting points for the identification of distributional patterns. The data were analysed quantitatively, in order to highlight: the distribution across files of each of the selected key words; their general distribution in the corpus; their distribution across moves and steps; the most frequent relevant moves in which they appeared per section; and their most frequent collocates per section
Gli women studies tra rapporti di potere e pratiche di resistenza: il contributo di Charlotte Perkins Gilman
Get PDFThe essay focuses on the thinking of Charlotte Perkins Gilman who lived in the period of the first feminist wave. While fully re-entering Women’s studies, Perkins Gilman was known in life but after her death, her research was not adequately valued. Prolific and provocative author, she was feminist, political activist, active member of the American Sociological Association. Protagonist of her time, she was a forerunner of the theory of gender in asserting that the differences between men and women go beyond those dictated by biological reproduction and are strongly reproduced on a social level. The author’s intent is to find out the stereotypes present in female representations of the time, starting from the recognition of female subordination to the patriarchal order. For this reason, it is not enough to develop a mere sense of solidarity, but it is necessary to rethink knowledge starting from a women-centred perspective. Only through collective political action, women, conditioned to accept their subordination, will be able to fight to free themselves from it
Between social ‘forms’ and ‘figurational’ sociology. Simmel and Elias and the role of emotions
No full textIts seems quite easy to find traces of Simmel’s heritage in Elias thought: from the figurational approach to a dynamic and processual representation of society, the influences of the first on the second are very relevant. If Simmel thinks that the society is realized by the individuals’ interactions, indeed a society as a network, for Elias the society is the framework of relations between individuals, their interdependences, in other words what links the individuals. This represents the “figuration”, this the term adopted by the German sociology to define reciprocally referring and depending individuals (Elias, 1982). This is the reason it is impossible to conceive a man as a single entity: interdependent individuals together create “figuration”, groups and society. Elias refuse the idea of a man existing without the society and at the same time of a society without individuals. According to Simmel with the development of the urban life individuals, while interacting between themselves, try to protect their feelings from the transformations of a modern society (Simmel, 1995, Cerulo, 2009). It is mainly the individuals’ intellect which both protect them from emotional distresses and allow them to adapt to the multiplicity of the urban relationships. In spite of this the individual is still able to express sociality but keeps his own intimacy, which he can decide to offer to the others in particular situations of social interactions: therefore the social relations, even if not granted, are still possible. According to Elias thought the transition from the social constraint to the self-constraint implies a scission between passion and reason, the exclusion of the excesses from the everyday life intended not only as individual violence but as uncontrolled emotions and the immediate fulfilment of the personal needs as well. Individual learns to postpone the fulfilment of his desires but at the same time he has to moderate his emotional expressions and to repress his instincts. The increasing complexity push the individual towards behavioural strategies which have to take into account the social interdependency and the need of a self control (Calabrò, 1997).
In spite of the violence monopoly exerted by the state and of the growing functional interdependency between the different social classes, the tensions become a permanent condition which cannot be solved with the use of physical strength but rather they become an inner constant pressure for the individual which modify irreversibly his mental structure. To the functional division and the social interdependency increase it corresponds an ongoing internalizing of the prohibitions, a behavioural self regulation and a restriction of the wishes according to the social rules. In the developed societies the individual has to control his emotions and his instincts both in the public and the private sphere. In this essays we would like to point out the analogies and the differences in to reflection which both the authors dedicate to the emotions and feelings in order to analyze their role in the contemporary societies
The social tricks of advertising. Discourse strategies of English-speaking tour operators on Facebook
Get PDFThe current paper is intended to provide a description of the linguistic and discourse strategies displayed by generalised and budget tour operators in Facebook, with particular emphasis on the techniques employed to promote destinations. To this aim, a corpus including 326 posts was created. The posts were analysed by means of corpus linguistics methods – including POS tagging, keyword analysis, and analysis of collocations –, while the images accompanying the posts were analysed within the framework of visual grammar theory. Keyword analysis showed that the posts under investigation, despite being written texts, are closer to spoken communication rather than written informal communication. The analyses also showed ample presence of linguistic and rhetorical techniques typical of tourism promotion. Furthermore, the analyses proved that the tourism operators considered are expert conversation managers who have developed a range of strategies to influence conversation. Finally, comparison between the current results and previous empirical studies suggest that promotional strategies and thus ‘the language of tourism’ varies not only from culture to culture, but also depending on text type (e.g. website vs. Facebook page), tourism service provider (e.g. hotel chains vs. tour operators), and target (e.g. luxury vs. non-luxury tour operator)
Sindacato e comunicazione politica: una crisi non superata
No full textIl volume prende in considerazione il problema della comunicazione e dell'immagine del sindacato in relazione alla sua azione dalla fine degli anni '60 ad oggi con un'attenzione particolare per i momenti di difficoltà vissuti da questa organizzazione. La comunicazione sindacale, da interna (rivolta cioè ai suoi membri), diventa sempre più generale, ovvero di tipo esterno, più orientata alla società ed i media
Alla ricerca della socialità perduta? Prove generali di cohousing in Toscana
Get PDFL’articolo si concentra sul tema delle pratiche di vita comunitarie e nello specifico sul cohousing, una forma di co-residenza che ha l’obiettivo di rilanciare gli spazi urbani come nuovi luoghi di vicinato sociale. Il cohousing rappresenta una via di mezzo tra la vita in un condominio e quella in una comunità intenzionale nelle quali si tende a condividere in modo più profondo un progetto di vita in comune adottando stili di vita improntati alla condivisione: gli individui vivono in appartamenti separati ma hanno in comune alcuni spazi. L’interrogativo intorno al quale ruota il saggio è se il cohousing possa essere il luogo privilegiato in cui sperimentare uno stile di vita caratterizzato da partecipazione e socialità. Per indagare su tale fenomeno si è scelto di effettuare alcune interviste ai soci di una delle principali associazioni presenti sul territorio nazionale, l’Associazione “Cohousing in Toscana”. Nell’articolo vengono illustrati i risultati emersi dallo studio di caso: seppure al momento, l’Associazione non abbia realizzato insediamenti, appare comunque impegnata in uno specifico percorso progettuale sia in ambito urbano che rurale ed è a tale fase progettuale che l’indagine intende soprattutto fare riferimento
Risorse umane e formazione. Caratteri e prospettive dell'istruzione in Toscana
No full textIl volume intende esaminare lo stato dell'istruzione nel contesto regionale toscano. Sebbene l'analisi riguardi un ambito locale, la realtà toscana viene confrontata con alcune esperienze straniere in modo da ricavarne suggerimenti utili ai fini di un intervento in tale settore. In effetti, la conoscenza dello stato dell'istruzione e della formazione in un ambito regionale può consentire alle istituzioni pubbliche di intervenire attivamente per migliorare gli standard educativi e la qualità della formazione, favorendo lo sviluppo socio-economico e la tenuta competitiva del contesto locale. Accanto alla ricostruzione degli andamenti scolastici dagli anni '60 ad oggi, vengono considerati i problemi dell'obbligo scolastico e quello delle spese effettuate nel campo dell'istruzione. Viene analizzata l'evoluzione della scolarizzazione con un chiaro riferimento al rapporto tra istruzione e mercato del lavoro: attraverso la considerazione del contesto locale si cerca di esaminare quel passaggio, così delicato e carico di aspettative per i giovani, la transizione scuola - mercato del lavoro, valutando la rispondenza tra la domanda e l'offerta di lavoro. Inoltre, sono indagati i diversi livelli di istruzione (dagli asili nido all'Università) e, tra gli aspetti problematici, il fenomeno del disagio scolastico (abbandoni e ripetenze). Infine, chiude il volume l'analisi delle principali politiche messe a punto dalla Regione Toscana in tema di istruzione e formazione
Formare al cambiamento. Dal sapere alle nuove competenze
No full textIl volume intende offrire una panoramica sull'evoluzione recente del sistema italiano di formazione professionale alla luce dei principali sviluppi registrati in ambito europeo, nazionale e regionale. La riflessione è incentrata sull'affermarsi di un modello formativo policentrico e integrato, di un sistema più personalizzato e vicino ai bisogni del soggetto sia che si tratti dell'esigenza di consolidare l'offerta per i giovani a proposito della transizione scuola-lavoro, o del life long learning (categoria ormai ampiamente studiata nel contesto internazionale), inteso come apprendimento lungo tutto il corso della vita e quindi particolarmente rivolto alle categorie adulte. Vengono indagati anche i temi dell'occupabilità, dell'apprendistato, della formazione per i lavoratori atipici fino ai nuovi buoni di formazione individuali (vouchers e ILAs) che sembrano rendere possibile una partecipazione più intenzionale e responsabile dei cittadini alle attività di formazione
Voci di donna: le traiettorie femminili tra progetti e stereotipi in un’iniziativa di orientamento universitario
Get PDFGender influences the youth’s choices leading them to educational and professional paths oriented by the role expectations interiorized in childhood. Therefore it becomes essential to analyse the interactions among gender and other cultural, socio-economical and subjective elements which characterize the adolescent identities taking in to account the transition from school to work. The project “Youths and work” has been conceived in the frame of the guidance activities of the Department of education, humans sciences and intercultural communication of Arezzo with the aim to enable the female students (attending first year of university and the secondary schools) to choose more knowingly their paths. Starting from the assumption that the majority of students attending the university courses are women, the meetings tried to examine the work representations of female scholars. Furthermore, some privileged witnesses, during a specific meeting, described their educational and professional paths highlighting both the positive and negative aspects concerning stereotypes. In this essay we’ll refer to these meetings during which we have tried to expose the possible distorted views and prejudices that may affect the life plans of the female students
- …
