1,721,367 research outputs found
Incentivi alle imprese: il punto di vista dell'economista
No full textL’appropriatezza di un dato incentivo dipende fortemente sia dalle ipotesi formulate circa le imperfezioni di mercato che giustificano l’incentivo, sia dal modello che l’economista ha in mente per caratterizzare le scelte di investimento
Il modello di federalismo spagnolo alla luce delle riforme del 2001: quali spunti per l'Italia?
No full textNo abstract availabl
Demographic and education effects on unemployment in Europe
No full textWe analyse the effects of demographic and education changes on unemployment rates in Europe. Using a panel of European countries for the 1975–2002 period - disaggregated by cohort and education - we empirically test the economic effects of the “baby bust” and the “education boom”. We find that structural
shifts in the population age structure play an important role and that a significant share of variation in unemployment rates is also attributable to educational changes, the latter being usually neglected in aggregate studies. Results show that demographic and education shocks are qualitatively different for young (adult) workers as well as for more (less) educated people. Changes in the population age structure are positively related to the unemployment rate of young workers, while have no effect on adults. Conversely, changes in the education structure show a negative effect on the unemployment of the more educated. Labour market institutions also influence unemployment rates in different ways. Employment protection for regular workers increases unemployment rates, while temporary employment provisions reduce it. Unemployment benefits are found to have a displacement effect on unemployment, while corporatism of wage bargaining improves employment performance
Tassazione e investimenti: una relazione (molto) complessa
No full textIn questo lavoro vengono riassunti i principali risultati della letteratura empirica che ha studiato la relazione tra tassazione e investimenti
Il modello di federalismo spagnolo alla luce delle riforme del 2001: quali spunti per l'Italia?
No full textIn questo lavoro viene anzitutto ripercorsa l'evoluzione del modello di federalismo fiscale spagnolo a partire dal 1978, con particolare attenzione alla riforma intervenuta nel 2001.In secondo luogo effettuiamo una simulazione dell'impatto che l'adozione di un modello simile a quello spagnolo(quindi basato su una forte compartecipazione regionale all'IRPEF) avrebbe in Italia
Characterizing cohort patterns for Italian wages
No full textIl lavoro analizza i profili salariali dei lavoratori italiani nel periodo 1984-2002 e testa l'esistenza di effetti di coorte nei profili per età, a seconda dei livelli di istruzion
ICT and productivity: a review of the literature
No full textIn this report we review the literature on the relationship between ICT and productivity. In Sect. 1 we discuss in broad terms the theoretical relationship between ICT and productivity, while in Sect. 2 we present the growth accounting methodology, which tries to measure the contributions to growth from difference sources (ICT and non ICT capital, human capital, total factor productivity). Within the growth-accounting methodology, in Sect. 3, we discuss the U.S. - E.U. productivity gap and the role of ICTs, and we show that the latter are responsible for the U.S. acceleration in productivity growth observed in the period 1996-2006 and for the widening of the U.S. – E.U. productivity gap in the same period. Then, in Sect. 4, we move to regression based studies, and we review the literature that uses macro, meso (sectoral) and firm/plant level data. While the overall message on the importance of ICT for growth coming from this literature is consistent with the findings of the studies based on growth accounting, the econometric approach allows researchers to investigate a wider set of questions. In particular, we focus on the role of ICT as a General Purpose Technology aspects and we review the literature studying the role of ICT and complementary assets in firms' productivity and the literature exploring the positive externalities related to ICT capital and the impact of ICT usage on the innovative capability of firms. Finally, we also review the literature on the relationship between ICT infrastructures and GDP growt
The evolution of income inequality and relative poverty in Italy: 1987-2010
Full text linkIn this paper we study the evolution of poverty and inequality in Italy in the period 1987-2010. Our data are from the Bank of Italy Survey of Household Income and Wealth and the variable of interest is real income (reference year is 2009), defined using price indexes that are allowed to vary by region and that allow us to make comparisons in levels of real incomes. We construct relative poverty and inequality indexes using equivalent income obtained by applying two types of equivalence scales widely used in the literature (square root of the number of household members and ISEE scale) in order to verify how our measures of poverty and inequality are sensitive to the adoption of the equivalence scale. While we do not intend to be innovative in the measurement of poverty or inequality (we rely on widely used indexes), our aim is to depict a complete picture of the evolution of poverty and inequality with a particular attention to their determinants. By using decomposable inequality and poverty indexes we look at five decompositions: by gender, geographical areas (North West, North East, Centre and South), class age (less than 30, between 30 and 40, 40 and 50, 50 and 60 and over 60), education (compulsory school or less, upper secondary and tertiary education) and employment condition (employee, self-employed and unemployed). Given the definition of non- overlapping groups we examine-as far as inequality is concerned- the relative weights of the “within” and of the “between” components while, for poverty, we look at “poverty risks”. These analyses allow us to understand weather inequality originates mostly from differences within each group or from differences across groups and how each group influences overall poverty (measured using both the headcount ration and the average squared normalised poverty gaps that embeds the poverty gap and its distribution among the poor). Finally we consider some counterfactual exercises as to find out the effect of the changes during the analysed period of the demographic composition of the groups, of the subgroups’ mean incomes (only for inequality) and of the subgroups’ specific inequality or poverty indexes. The results show that the main determinants of the inequality and poverty evolution in Italy can be traced to geographical and educational grouping, with the age grouping relevant for poverty only.JRC.J.3 - Information Societ
European Regional Convergence: Some Evidence for the Role of Information and Communication Technologies
No full textIn the last decades, the debate on convergence in Europe has captured the attention of academics and politicians. The issue that has received most attention is the ’supposed’ catching-up of European countries with respect to the United States after World War II. Usually, conditional and unconditional convergence was found mainly in the sixties and seventies and more weakly in the eighties and nineties. Enlarging the analysis to the world economy, convergence was found for some country groups (i.e. the OECD countries) but not for others. Recently two related issues have emerged in the research agenda. The first one concerns the renovated role that regions play in the growth process, together with the issue of regional disparities and convergence across- regions. The second one concerns the role of ICT and, more generally, of the knowledge economy, in fostering or hindering growth and regional disparities. On the first issue, our empirical analysis finds evidence of (absolute and conditional) convergence. We also find that both ICT diffusion and its rate of change positively affect steady state variables, whereas human capital seems to play a counterintuitive role. Though some caveats apply, ICT seem to play a role in determining regional steady states. This result should lead policy makers to adopt the right measures favouring the diffusion and adoption of ICT
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