228,658 research outputs found
Concurrent bi-lateral negotiation in agent systems
No full textBi-lateral negotiations represent an important class of encounter in agent-based systems. To this end, this paper develops and evaluates a heuristic model that enables an agent to participate in multiple, concurrent bi-lateral encounters in competitive situations in which there is information uncertainty and deadlines
A heuristic model of concurrent bi-lateral negotiations in incomplete information settings
No full textBi-lateral negotiations represent an important class of encounter in agent-based systems. To this end, this paper develops and evaluates a heuristic model that enables an agent to participate in multiple, concurrent bi-lateral encounters in competitive situations in which there is information uncertainty and deadlines
A value for bi-cooperative games
No full textBi-cooperative games were introduced by Bilbao et al. as a generalization of TU cooperative games, in which each player can participate positively, negatively, or not at all. In this paper, we propose a definition of a share of the worth obtained by some players after they decided on their participation in the game. It turns out that the cost allocation rule does not look for a given player to her contribution at the opposite participation option to the one she chooses. The relevance of the value is discussed on several examples.Bi-cooperative games ;Value ;Efficiency
The impact of R&D grants on firms' access to external equity financing: Euidence from the Norwegian industry.
No full textMasteroppgave(MSc) in Master of Science in Business, Finance - Handelshøyskolen BI, 2023We examine the impact of government support on a firm’s access to external equity financing. Using data on grant applications to SkatteFUNN between 2012 and 2022, we find grants to have a positive impact on the growth of external equity for early-stage firms with respect to a carefully selected control group. Additionally, we find that government R&D support facilitates proof-of-concept work and has a significant impact on the certification effect for early-stage firms. This indicates that such grants serve as a quality endorsement for external investors, reducing information asymmetry. Based on our findings, policymakers should prioritize allocating government R&D subsidies towards early-stage firms to maximize their effectiveness in fostering innovation and to support the growth of young firms
R&D and productivity: A firm level investigation of the Norwegian manufacturing industry
No full textThis publication is originally a master thesis submitted to BI Norwegian Business School 2009.For centuries researchers have grappled with the question: What drives technological progress which in turn powers the all important aggregated growth
of the economy? We argue that this question is interesting because it lies at the centre of the endogenous growth theory, which stresses the role of the R&D investments rate as the foremost determinant for productivity growth rates. By
utilising the well-known Cobb-Douglas production function we empirically test and quantify the role of R&D investment in a Norwegian manufacturing industry setting. Our firm-level findings lend support to the endogenous growth theory claim, of both a direct and an indirect R&D effect on firms’ productivity growth rates
Photoemission spectra, hybridization, and Coulomb correlation in RT2 (R=Y,Ce,Pr,Nd,Sm,Gd; T=Fe,Co,Ni)
No full textThe effects of the R 4f/T 3d hybridization and the Coulomb correlation in the R4f and T 3d photoemission spectra of RT2 compounds (R = Y, Ce, Pr, Nd, Sm, Gd; T = Fe, Co, Ni) have been investigated. The calculated R 4f/T 3d hybridization parameters decrease with an increasing atomic number from R = Ce to Gd for the same T, and from RCo2 to RNi2 for the same R. These trends are consistent with those in the photoemission spectra. The calculated quasi-particle spectral densities indicate the importance of the on-site Coulomb correlation of the T 3d electrons in the electronic structures of RT2.X119sciescopu
Bi-level scheduling in high-end equipment R&D: when more algorithm strategies may not be better
No full textMotivated by the practical research and development (R&D) process in high-end equipment manufacturing, this study investigates a bi-level scheduling problem in a complex R&D project network, where each project contains multiple modules with a complete task network. In the bi-level scheduling problem, the upper-level problem is that the R&D project leader makes the decision on allocating all R&D project modules to limited R&D researchers and the objective is to minimise the total penalty cost of all projects, and the lower-level problem is that the researchers schedule and sort the assigned tasks to minimise their minimum makespan. The different capacity of researchers is considered, and some structural properties are derived based on the capacity analytics. To tackle this complex scheduling problem, an effective Variable Neighborhood Search algorithm based on the ‘less is more' concept is proposed, where a Multi-Greedy Heuristic is incorporated. Interestingly, we observe that simpler algorithmic strategies may lead to better algorithmic performance. Computational experiments are carried out to demonstrate that the performance of the proposed algorithm is efficient and stable.</p
Valence-band PES study of R2Mo2O7(R = Nd, Sm) pyrochlores
No full textThe electronic structures of Mo-based pyrochlore oxides of R2Mo2O7 (R = Nd, Sm) have been investigated by using photoemission spectroscopy. The electronic states near E-F are found to have mainly Mo 4d character, and they are not affected much by R 4f states located well below EF: The origin of the stable ferromagnetic phase in Nd2Mo2O7 is discussed in terms of the kinetic energy optimization. (C) 2003 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.X11sciescopu
Suppression of the charge density wave instability in R2O2Bi (R=La, Er) due to large spin-orbit coupling
No full textTo explore the origin of the suppression of the charge density wave (CDW) in Bi2- square sheet of R2O2Bi (R: rare-earth elements), we have investigated the band structures and phonon dispersions of La2O2Bi and Er2O2Bi. We have found that the large spin-orbit coupling of Bi atoms together with the chemical pressure effect reduces the Fermi surface nesting, which results in the suppression of the CDW instability in R2O2Bi. The pressure effect has been checked for a similar compound, Er2O2Sb, which shows a series of structural distortions in the Sb layer under volume contraction, from herringbone type, to 1D-ladder type, and to square sheet. Furthermore, we show that the observed local disorder in the Bi square sheet of La2O2Bi can be explained by the phonon softening anomaly, which is also expected to describe the anomalous resistivity upturn observed in La2O2Bi upon cooling.open1112Nsciescopu
A variance controlled stochastic method with biased estimation for faster non-convex optimization
No full textThis paper proposed a new technique Variance Controlled Stochastic Gradient (VCSG) to improve the performance of the stochastic variance reduced gradient (SVRG) algorithm. To avoid over-reducing the variance of gradient by SVRG, a hyper-parameter λ is introduced in VCSG that is able to control the reduced variance of SVRG. Theory shows that the optimization method can converge by using an unbiased gradient estimator, but in practice, biased gradient estimation can allow more efficient convergence to the vicinity since an unbiased approach is computationally more expensive. λ also has the effect of balancing the trade-off between unbiased and biased estimations. Secondly, to minimize the number of full gradient calculations in SVRG, a variance-bounded batch is introduced to reduce the number of gradient calculations required in each iteration. For smooth non-convex functions, the proposed algorithm converges to an approximate first-order stationary point (i.e. E‖ ∇ f(x) ‖
2≤ ϵ ) within O(min{ 1 / ϵ
3 / 2, n
1 / 4/ ϵ} ) number of stochastic gradient evaluations, which improves the leading gradient complexity of stochastic gradient-based method SCSG (O(min{ 1 / ϵ
5 / 3, n
2 / 3/ ϵ} ) [19]. It is shown theoretically and experimentally that VCSG can be deployed to improve convergence.
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