28 research outputs found
Diagnosis of malignant effusion using cell block and immunohistochemistry
No full textThe distinction between reactive mesothelial and adenocarcinoma cells specially signet ring type in serous effusions may be very difficult based only on morphological features particularly in early stage. Reactive mesothelial cells show varying degree of cytological atypia hence posing difficulty in differentiating it from adenocarcinoma cells. We report a case of 45 year old female patient presented with abdominal distension. Patient was an operated case of adenocarcinoma of stomach. Smears prepared from ascitic fluid and cell block shows large number of reactive mesothelial cells and few atypical cells. Atypical cells were immunoreactive for cytokeratin, epithelial membrane antigen and carcinoembryonic antigen. These confirmed the presence of malignant epithelial cells so we reported it as a malignant effusion
The role of platelet indices in ischemic heart disease: a hospital based case control type of study
No full textBackground: In developing countries, Ischemic heart diseases (IHD) is one of the leading causes of morbidity and mortality. The underlying pathology of CAD is atherosclerosis. When this atherosclerotic plaque ruptures, platelets play a crucial role in the prothrombotic events and forms a thrombus on this plaque and as a result coronary artery gets occluded causing ischemia and infarction. Platelet contains many chemokines, cytokines and growth factors. Release of these factors along with interaction with endothelial cells and leukocytes promotes inflammation and progression of atherosclerosis. We aimed to investigate the association between platelet volume indices in patients with diagnosis of Ischemic heart disease in comparison with control group.Methods: By using automated cell counter platelet count and platelet volume indices - were compared with Normal healthy or non-cardiac chest pain patients with the use of unpaired t test.Results: In the present study, we demonstrated that platelet count is significantly low and MPV and PDW are significantly high in Ischemic heart disease as compared to patients with noncardiac chest pain or healthy subjects. The correlation of MPV with PC revealed an inverse correlation between the patients of IHD and healthy or non-cardiac chest pain patients which is statistically significant.Conclusions: The platelet volume indices are an important, simple, effortless and a cost-effective tool useful in predicting the development of an acute coronary event sometimes in the near future and therapeutic modification for improved patient’s cardiovascular care
Cytological detection of microfilaria in unsuspected clinical scenario
No full textFilariasis is a major public health problem in tropical countries, including India. Fine needle aspiration cytology plays an important role in prompt recognition of disease. Aim was to highlight the role of fine needle aspiration cytology as a simple and cost effective tool to detect microfilarial infestation. A retrospective study of 10 cases in which fine needle aspiration cytology was done and was useful in detecting microfilaria. Patient’s age were ranging from 19-62 years. M:F ratio being 7:3. Out of ten cases, maximum cases of microfilarial detection was reported in soft tissue swelling (four cases), followed by lymph node swelling (three cases), thyroid swelling (two cases) and breast swelling (one case). Careful screening of fine needle aspiration cytology smears is helpful in detecting microfilaria even in asymptomatic patients living in endemic zone which plays a significant role in recognition of disease and obviating severe manifestations of filariasis if treated in time.</jats:p
Bone marrow examination in cases of pancytopenia
No full textBackground: Pancytopenia is a relatively common hematological entity. This study was undertaken to find out the various causes of pancytopenia by bone marrow examination of patients admitted to New civil hospital, Surat, Gujarat, India.Methods: This was a prospective study carried out to identify the causes of pancytopenia based on bone marrow examination. Bone marrow examinations were performed in 144 cases for different indications over a period of one year 2015, out of which 40 cases have fulfilled the criteria of pancytopenia.Results: Total 40 cases of pancytopenia were examined during period of one year. The commonest cause of pancytopenia was megaloblastic anemia (35%) followed by aplastic anemia (32.5%). other cause includes acute leukemia, myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) and round cell tumor.Conclusions: Bone marrow aspiration coupled with trephine biopsy can diagnosed majority cases of pancytopenia. Megaloblastic anemia and aplastic anemia are the commonest causes of pancytopenia. A comprehensive clinical and hematological study of patients with pancytopenia will help in the identification of underlying cause.</jats:p
Histopathological study of neoplastic and non-neoplastic lesions of salivary gland: a study at a tertiary care center
No full textBackground: Salivary gland lesions are highly heterogenous group of disorder. There are no reliable criteria to differentiate benign from malignant lesions on clinical grounds, so histopathological evaluation is essential.
Methods: The present study was retrospective study carried out in the department of pathology, Government medical college, Surat from January 2015 to June 2020. Biopsies/specimens were fixed by 10% neutral buffered formalin and processed, embedded in paraffin and sections were cut and stained with hematoxylin and eosin stain. All the slides were reviewed by authors and re-staining of slides and fresh sections of tissue blocks were performed whenever required.
Results: Out of 80 cases, 22 were non-neoplastic, 45 were benign and 13 were malignant. In our study most common non neoplastic lesion was chronic sialadenitis. Most common benign lesion was pleomorphic adenoma. Most common malignant lesion was mucoepidermoid carcinoma. Most commonly involved gland was parotid gland. In parotid gland, most common lesions were benign. The overall sex incidence of salivary gland lesions in male was 45% and 55% in females with a male to female ratio of 1:1.2.
Conclusions: Thorough knowledge of morphology of salivary gland lesion is helpful in final diagnosis in predicting prognosis, typing, staging and grading of salivary neoplasms
A Report of Two Cases: Post Flood Autopsy Findings in Urban Patients with An Unusual Presentation of Leptospirosis with Hemorrhagic Pneumonia in Government Medical College, Surat
No full textSouth Gujarat is endemic zone for leptospirosis in paddy workers but recently we have post flood plenty of urban patients who were presented with high grade fever, dyspnea & haemoptysis with rapid deterioration. Clinicians were suspecting an outbreak of Hantavirus or leptospirosis. Both our patients were serologically negative for leptospirosis ante mortem, but alveolar hemorrhage & raised urea was the only finding. Both our patient rapidly deteriorated.
We performed autopsy & took post mortem samples for serologically & HP Examination of tissue. Serological finding showed one patient positive for PCR and second was positive for Leptocheck and IgM ELISA.
On HP examination we observed massive intra-alveolar hemorrhage, interstitial nephritis, vasculitis in spleen and kidney, myocarditis & hemorrhage in various organs like heart, suprarenal gland, and subarachnoid space in both our patient. Levaditi’s stain was also performed but results were not conclusive. IHC for kidney tissue was not possible due to lack of facility. Extensive hemorrhage in lung was the cause of death in both patients. Follow up autopsy studies of 30 patients were showing same histopathological findings
Carcinoma of breast with medullary features: a case report in 27 year old female
No full textMedullary carcinoma of breast is a rare variant of invasive ductal carcinoma of breast and its incidence is less than 5% of invasive breast carcinomas. These tumours tend to occur in younger women, with the average age reported to range from 42 to 52 years. Authors are presenting this case in a 27 years old female having single, large, well circumscribed mass in right breast for 6 months. Fine needle aspiration cytology report was proliferative lesion with atypia Histopathology report was given as carcinoma with medullary features. Immunohistochemistry showed Estrogen Receptor (ER), Progesterone Receptor (PR) and Her-2 neu negative. Authors are presenting this case of Medullary carcinoma of breast for being a specific histopathological subtype
Cytopathological study of salivary gland lesions by fine needle aspiration cytology
No full textBackground: Fine needle aspiration cytology is an inexpensive, minimally invasive, outpatient diagnostic procedure. FNA of salivary gland is easier to perform as the site is superficial and repeat FNAC can be perform. As compared to biopsy methods, FNA is a very smooth, cheaper, outpatient procedure helping clinician to save his time for earlier diagnosis and treatment. Though anatomical structure of the gland is very simple, it is subjected to a diverse and heterogenous range of tumors.Methods: The present study on “Cytomorphological features of salivary gland lesion by FNAC” was carried out on department of pathology from June 2015 to June 2017. 65 patients with salivary gland lesions who were sent to pathology department for FNAC were aspirated and correlated histopathologically.Results: Benign salivary gland lesions contribute to majority of cases (54%). Pleomorphic Adenoma was the most common benign salivary gland lesions and Mucoepidermoid Carcinoma was most common malignant lesion. Parotid gland was the most commonly involved in benign tumors and submandibular gland was commonly involved by malignant tumors. Commonly affected age group by benign salivary gland lesion was 31-40 years and those with malignant salivary gland lesion was 41-50 years.Conclusions: FNA cytology provides useful information for the management of salivary gland lesions and prevents unnecessary surgery in cases of nonneoplastic lesions and identification of malignancy helps the surgeon in deciding type and extent of surgery
Hemoglobin E Disorders in South Gujarat – A Study Of 35 Cases
No full textBackground:Among the inherited disorders of blood, hemoglobinopathies and thalassemia constitute a major bulk of non-communicable genetic disease in India. Most commonly found abnormal hemoglobins in India are hemoglobin S (Hb S), hemoglobin E (Hb E) and hemoglobin D (Hb D). The distribution of Hb E (α2β226Glu< Lys) is mostly restricted to north-eastern India and it is relatively rare in rest of the country. Identification of this disorder is immensely important epidemiologically and aid in prevention of more serious hemoglobin disorder.
Aims:Thepurpose of the study is to highlight importance of identification of Hb E disorders and prevention of doubly heterozygous state for Hb E and β-thalassemia which may be falsely characterized clinically by thalassemia major.
Material and Method:This study is a part of the work done under Sickle Cell Anemia Control Programme, under which samples are tested for various routine as well as specific tests such as dithionite tube turbidity test (DTT Test), hemoglobin electrophoresis and High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) to diagnose Sickle cell disorders along with other hemoglobinopathies.
Result and Conclusion: Total 70308 cases were analyzed during the period ofJune 2007 to October 2011 out of these 35 cases of Hb E variant were identified. Among these 29 cases of Hb E trait, 1 case of Hb E disease and 5 cases of Hb E β-thalassemia were identified. Hb E trait and Hb E disease were asymptomatic while 5 cases of Hb E β-thalassemia were suffering from haemolytic anemia. Detection of this asymptomatic abnormal hemoglobin will help in the prevention of more serious doubly heterozygous hemoglobinopathy
Pattern of mortality in sudden death: an autopsy study
No full textBackground: Sudden death has plagued mankind from time Immemorial. Clinical presentations include wide spectrum from symptom complex to completely asymptomatic. Sudden cardiac death in many cases, ‘first and only symptom. The high incidence, sudden, unexpected nature, combining with the low successful rate of resuscitation, make sudden cardiac deaths a major unsolved problem. Therefore, this study was conducted to illustrate etiolopathology, risk factors and triggers of sudden death with the expectation to provide new insight in epidemiological aspects of sudden death, which will help in care of patients, and prevention of premature cardiac deaths.Methods: A study of 50 cases of sudden death was conducted at tertiary care hospital. After evaluating detailed history from the family members, autopsy has been performed to find out cause of sudden death.Results: Principal culprit of sudden death is cardiovascular disease. Highest numbers of sudden death are in middle age group and having male preponderance might be due to presence of multiple risk factors, which have added or multiplicative effect. There are few autopsy negative cases, which are unexplained sudden death.Conclusions: Sudden and unexpected deaths in young population frequently become the subject of pathologic investigation to determine the cause of death. </jats:p
