69 research outputs found
Characterization of Human Plasma-Derived Exosomes in Sarcoidosis
No full textFaculty adviser: Maneesh BhargavaThis research was supported by the Undergraduate Research Opportunities Program (UROP).Te, Hok Sreng; Viken, Kevin; Levin, Anna; Subramanian, Subree; Bhargava, Maneesh. (2018). Characterization of Human Plasma-Derived Exosomes in Sarcoidosis. Retrieved from the University Digital Conservancy, https://hdl.handle.net/11299/196286
Protein expression profile of rat type two alveolar epithelial cells during hyperoxic stress and recovery
No full textUniversity of Minnesota M.S. thesis. May 2013. Major: Biomedical Informatics and Computational Biology. Advisors: Lynda BM Ellis, Vipin Kumar, David H. Ingbar. 1 computer file (PDF); vii, 37 pages, appendix p. 29-37.Rationale: In rodent model systems, the sequential changes in lung morphology resulting from hyperoxic injury are well characterized, and are similar to changes in human acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). In the injured lung, alveolar type two (AT2) epithelial cells play a critical role restoring the normal alveolar structure. Thus characterizing the changes in AT2 cells will provide insights into the mechanisms underpinning the recovery from lung injury.
Methods: We applied an unbiased systems level proteomics approach to elucidate molecular mechanisms contributing to lung repair in a rat hyperoxic lung injury model. AT2 cells were isolated from rat lungs at predetermined intervals during hyperoxic injury and recovery. Protein expression profiles were determined by using iTRAQ® with tandem mass spectrometry. Results: Of 959 distinct proteins identified, 183 significantly changed in abundance during the injury-recovery cycle. Gene Ontology enrichment analysis identified cell cycle, cell differentiation, cell metabolism, ion homeostasis, programmed cell death, ubiquitination, and cell migration to be significantly enriched by these proteins. Gene Set Enrichment Analysis of data acquired during lung repair revealed differential expression of gene sets that control multicellular organismal development, systems development, organ development, and chemical homeostasis. More detailed analysis identified activity in two regulatory pathways, JNK and miR 374. A Short Time-series Expression Miner (STEM) algorithm identified protein clusters with coherent changes during injury and repair.
Conclusion: Coherent changes occur in the AT2 cell proteome in response to hyperoxic stress. These findings offer guidance regarding the specific molecular mechanisms governing repair of the injured lung.Bhargava, Maneesh. (2013). Protein expression profile of rat type two alveolar epithelial cells during hyperoxic stress and recovery. Retrieved from the University Digital Conservancy, https://hdl.handle.net/11299/156594
Proteomic Studies in Acute Hypoxic Respiratory Failure
No full textUniversity of Minnesota Ph.D. dissertation. August 2015. Major: Biomedical Informatics and Computational Biology. Advisor: Lynda Ellis. 1 computer file (PDF); ix, 113 pages.Respiratory failure is a syndrome of impaired gas exchange resulting in abnormal oxygenation and carbon dioxide elimination. Lung damage seen in Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS) and Idiopathic Pneumonia Syndrome (IPS) cause acute respiratory failure and result in a high mortality and morbidity. Our objective is to gain novel insights into the pathways and biological processes that occur in response to diffuse lung injury by using comprehensive protein expression profiling in combination with bioinformatics tools. We characterized the protein expression in the Bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) from subjects with ARDS and also in hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) recipients. For our studies, ARDS cases were grouped into survivors and non-survivors. The HSCT recipients were assigned to either infectious lung injury or IPS, i.e. non-infectious lung injury. The BALF samples were processed by desalting, concentration and removal of high abundance proteins. Enriched medium and low abundant protein fractions were trypsin digested and labeled with the iTRAQ reagent for mass spectrometry (MS). The complex mixture of iTRAQ labeled peptides was analyzed by 2D capillary LC-MS/MS on an Orbitrap Velos system in HCD mode for data-dependent peptide tandem MS. Protein identification employed a target decoy strategy using ProteinPilot. To determine the biologic relevance of the differentially expressed proteins we used Database for Visualization and Annotation for Integrated Discovery (DAVID) and Ingenuity Pathway Analysis (IPA). In the studies done on pooled BALF described in Chapter 3, we identified 792 proteins at a global FDR of <= 1%. The proteins that were more abundant in early phase survivors represented the GO groups involved in coagulation, fibrinolysis and wound healing, cation homeostasis and activation of the immune response. In contrast, non-survivors had evidence of carbohydrate catabolism, collagen deposition and actin cytoskeleton reorganization. These proof of concept studies identified early differences in the BALF from ARDS survivors compared to non-survivors. As a follow-up, we characterized BALF from the individual subject with ARDS, 20 survivors and 16 non-survivors (Chapter 4). To accomplish this we performed six eight-plex iTRAQ LC-MS/MS experiments, and we identified 1122 unique proteins in the BALF. The proteins that had a differential expression between survivors and non-survivors represented three canonical pathways -- acute phase response signaling, complement system activation, LXR/RXR activation- and four IPA Diseases and Functions- cellular movement, immune cell trafficking, hematological system development and inflammatory response. Similar to our prior studies, GO biological processes annotated to these proteins included programmed cell death, collagen metabolic processes, and acute inflammatory response. The sparse logistic regression model identified twenty proteins that predicted survival in ARDS. For the studies conducted in HSCT recipients (Chapter 5), we performed five eight-plex iTRAQ LC-MS/MS experiments and identified 1125 unique proteins. The proteins that had a differential expression between IPS and infectious lung injury enrich GO biological terms of immune response, leucocyte adhesion, coagulation, wound healing, cell migration, glycolysis, and apoptosis. In summary, the BALF protein expression profile identifies key differences in the biological processes in different subgroups of patients with diffuse lung injury. These differences position us to develop diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers and identify new targets for pharmacological therapy.Bhargava, Maneesh. (2015). Proteomic Studies in Acute Hypoxic Respiratory Failure. Retrieved from the University Digital Conservancy, https://hdl.handle.net/11299/175250
Tephritis himalayae Maneesh and Korneyev 2023, sp. n.
No full text<i>Tephritis himalayae</i> Maneesh and Korneyev, sp. n. <p>(Figures 1–4)</p> <p> <b>Diagnosis:</b> <i>Tephritis himalayae</i> sp. n., is a medium-sized (5.5 mm female and 4.73 mm male) species. It belongs to the <i>hyoscyami-conura</i> group discussed by Korneyev&Evstigneev (2019) and is almost the same size as <i>T. anthrax</i> Korneyev & Evstigneev, <i>T. conura</i> (Loew, 1844) and <i>T. cardualis</i> Hardy. It can be distinguished from most of the other Palearctic <i>Tephritis</i> species by having dark (usually brown) posterior notopleural setae as in <i>T. anthrax,</i> <i>T. arnica</i> (Linnaeus, 1758), <i>T. conura</i> and <i>T. cardualis</i>.</p> <p> <i>T. himalayae</i> <b>sp. n.</b> looks very similar to <i>T. cardualis</i> in general wing pattern and morphology but can be differentiated by apical black fork between vein R 4+5 and M connected to rest of pattern with single strip, hyaline spot at apex of cell m not circular or not separated from hyaline spot just above it in cell r4+5 (two separate roundish spots in <i>T. cardualis</i> Hardy well surrounded by black reticulation). Since wing patterns are highly variable in the genus <i>Tephritis</i>, <i>T. himalayae</i> <b>sp. n.</b> can be separated from <i>T. cardualis</i> by its bilobed tip of aculeus or its shape like the nib of a fountain pen or conical (figure 5A) (which is very straight in <i>T. cardualis</i> and tip without a notch (figure 5B and Hardy, 1974 fig. 1)). Aculeus seems narrow at the base with a much swollen region in the middle in <i>T. cardualis</i>, whereas it is much more uniform in <i>T. himalayae</i> <b>sp. n.</b> (figure 5B). Male glans is longer and less sclerotized without triangular tubular acrophalus, which is quite different from <i>T. cardualis</i> (Hardy, 1974 fig. 3). The new species has a less sclerotized, thin ejaculatory apodeme, which is very stout and highly sclerotized in <i>T. cardualis</i>. Similarly, the lobe of the lateral surstylus is brownish and blunt or broader at the end, while it is dark black and pointed in <i>T. cardualis</i> (Hardy, 1974 figs 3–4). <i>Tephritis himalayae</i> <b>sp. n.</b> was reared from the composite weed <i>Cirsium falconeri</i> but not <i>Carduus nutans</i> and was recorded from temperate habitat in higher hills of Himachal Pradesh above 2350 m above mean sea level.</p> <p>Head: Head dull and fulvous except flagellum, parafacial line and frons appear brighter and reddish yellow. Head 1.14 mm high and 0.99 mm wide. Frons slightly depressed and covered with numerous pale setulae. Parafacial line and lunula with minute black setulae. Face clear fulvous without any spot or line. Antennae (0.57 mm) fulvous, scape (0.15 mm) bears golden stout setulae, pedicel (0.13 mm) distinctly bears numerous black stout setulae, flagellum (0.29 mm) reddish, fringed with golden fulvous minute setulae, arista (0.61 mm) black (except basal 10% golden fulvous) and lightly plumose. The combined length of the antennal segments is less than the head height and width. Post occiput dark black and occiput pale, dull fulvous like rest of head. Post ocular setae both pale (stubby) and dark black arranged alternately, with white setae higher than the black ones. Gena pale fulvous with numerous setulae both black and stubby (different sized) (Figure 1).</p> <p>Setae: 2 pairs frontal setae (another third pair minute in size just below the posterior frontal seta) (Figures 1A and 3A), 2 pairs orbital setae (anterior orbital setae pale or stubby white), 2 vertical setae (inner vertical setae pale or stubby and outer vertical setae black, 1 pair ocellar setae, 1 genal seta (with 3–4 smaller setulae). Outer vertical setae 0.77 mm long (longest of the head setae).</p> <p>Thorax: Scutum 1.54 mm long and 1.32 mm wide, normal in coloration for the genus and looks dull to light fulvous due to its covering of minute pale yellowish setulae. Scutellum dark black, subscutellum black. Katatergite and anatergite slightly dull or less shiny compared with rest of scutum. Katepisternum black or light black with a fuscous tinge. All legs are pale fulvous or light yellowish without any spot or coloration. All femora similar except fore femora with three distinct rows of setae, lateral outer each having 8–9 setae. Setae of the anterior dorsolateral side are bigger and slightly darker than the others. All tibiae similar and pale fulvous except mid tibia with a distinct apical spine.</p> <p> Wings very similar to <i>T. cardualis</i> (4.67 mm), hyaline with reticulate light and dark infuscation (Figure 2B). First costal cell (bc) with numerous microtrichia that extend to base of costal cell; costal cell (c) with pale or very light infuscation or a brown line medially. Pterostigma dark brown but lighter than the other dark areas of the wing, the dark area extending as a band across cells r1 and r2+3 and united with the dark apical third of cell br. Cell r1 with two broad hyaline indentations that cross the cell and unite with three hyaline medial spots in cell r2+3, the basal pair either side of line of R-M crossvein crossing or almost crossing cell, the third spot small and rounded. Cell r2+3 hyaline at base, with a small hyaline marginal spot posterior to apex of vein R 2+3 and a narrow subapical indentation crossing cell. Cell r4+5 with a large, round, isolated marginal spot at apex, a small anterior subapical spot united with the subapical indentation in cell r2+3, a posterior row of four spots that reach vein R 4+5 and a pair of small basal spots alongside R-M crossvein, which lies a little more than its own length from apex of cell dm. Dark apical area of cell br with 4–5 small hyaline spots alongside R-M crossvein or posteriorly. Cell m dark, with 5–6 irregular hyaline spots and indentations. Cell dm usually lightly reticulated with three small, round hyaline apical spots just behind the Dm-Cu crossvein and two or three large hyaline spots separated by brown bands in subapical quarter. Cell cu1 dark, with 10 hyaline spots of different sizes and shapes. Cell bcu with an acute apical projection as wide as long. Anal lobe hyaline except for a brown patch in the middle, over the remnants of vein A2. Alula hyaline except for light brown infuscation in the middle.</p> <p> Setae:1 postpronotal, 2 notopleural (posterior black not stubby white), 1 presutural supra-alar, 1 dorsocentral (just behind the suture, 0.99 mm long), 1 postsutural supra-alar, 1 prescutellaracrostichal, 1 intra-alar, 1 postalar, 2 pairs scutellar (apicals well developed but shorter than basals), 2 anepisternal (3 rd seta also present but brown and not as long as upper 2 pairs), 1 anepimeral and 1 katepisternal.</p> <p>Abdomen oval and highly setose, with minute golden or yellowish microtrichia. Tergites I, II and the anterior portion of tergite III reddish fulvous. Tergite V with lateral 2–3 long black setae, tergite VI with a row of 10–12 long black setae on the outer margin. Tergite IV, V and VI light black in female, darker in male. Posterior margin of tergite VI reddish fulvous. Oviscapt (1.54 mm) reddish fulvous (Figure 1E). All sternites similar in colour and sternite V of male with V-shaped posterior concavity (0.66 mm wide posteriorly) and 8 long setae present (4 each side) on V-shaped concavity at the posterior margin.</p> <p> <b>Female Terminalia:</b> Eversible membrane (1.76 mm long) with numerous spicules. Aculeus 1.65 mm long and 0.26 mm wide (maximum width of aculeus) and the tip resembles a fountain pen nib or conical in shape (slightly broader in the middle and narrower towards the tip). Aculeus tip bilobed having notched apex (figure 4E). Spicules on distal eversible membrane quadrate-shaped, well-spaced not compact, apically thick, and in lateral view appear forked. A similar pattern in the middle of the eversible membrane except for a median row of large triangular spicules (apically sclerotized and forked) (Figs 4B and C). Large triangular spicules not present all over middle of eversible membrane as in most <i>Tephritis</i>. Spicules on proximal part of eversible membrane smaller, irregular to circular in shape (gritted), and dark colored. Spermatheca was not dissected.</p> <p> <b>Male Terminalia:</b> Epandrium elongate-oval in posterior view (Fig. 6A), 0.24 mm long, lateral surstylus 0.24 mm long and median surstylus 0.2 mm long. Overall epandrium anterior to lateral surstylus 0.48 mm long. Lobe of lateral surstylus blunt (not pointed) and brownish, median surstylus with two black, pointed prensisetae (Fig. 5C). Proctiger as high as epandrium and quadrate in shape. Aedeagus 1.47 mm long excluding glans (0.33 mm). Glans weakly sclerotized and almost hyaline (Fig. 2E). Vasica membranous and irregularly quadrate in shape.</p> <p> <b>Type Material:</b> Holotype ♀, [reared ex seeds of] <i>Cirsium falconeri</i>, INDIA, Himachal Pradesh, Narkanda, Baghi, 31°11’68”N 77°54’10”. 23.ix.2022, Maneesh. Paratypes: 2 ♂, <i>Cirsium falconeri</i>, INDIA, Himachal Pradesh, Narkanda, Baghi, 31°11’68”N 77°54’10”. 23.ix.2022, Maneesh. Holotype and 1 Paratypes (1 female and 1 male along with genitalia) in High Altitude Regional Centre, Zoological Survey of India, Solan, Himachal Pradesh, India; Paratype (1 male) retained by author, Department of Entomology, Dr. Yashwant Singh Parmar University of horticulture and Forestry Nauni, Solan, Himachal Pradesh, India.</p> <p> <b>Etymology:</b> Particular epithet derived from the name “Himalaya” (Temperate hilly region of India, a masculine name). <b>Host plant:</b> Seeds of <i>Cirsium falconeri</i> (Hook.f.) Petr. (Syn. <i>Cnicusfalconeri</i> Hook.fill.).</p>Published as part of <i>Singh, Maneesh Pal, Daroch, Rakesh, Korneyev, Severyn V. & Sharma, Isha, 2023, A new species of genus Tephritis Latreille and a new distribution record of genus Urophora Robineau-Desvoidy, from India, pp. 336-348 in Zootaxa 5375 (3)</i> on pages 337-345, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5375.3.2, <a href="http://zenodo.org/record/10199917">http://zenodo.org/record/10199917</a>
Commentary on “Misplaced capsule tension ring in anterior chamber: A unique way of explantation”
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No full textTraveling Thrombus in the Right Atrium: Is It the Final Destination?
No full textRight heart thrombus is rare in structurally normal heart. Here, we report a 74-year-old man with a right atrial thrombus who presented with shortness of breath
Urophora terebrans
No full text<i>Urophora terebrans</i> (Loew) <p>(Figures 7–9)</p> <p> <b>Diagnosis:</b> This species was well discussed by White & Korneyev (1989) and several variations are noted here, such as antenna and face yellow to pale in colour, head bears all setae and ocellar setae are small. Occiput is pale yellow to fuscous in colour bearing a row of thin black setae. Scutum is densely setose. The postpronotal lobe, notopleural area and scutellum are bright yellow. All femora are pale yellow to orange-brown and this is a strong variation that suggeststhat Indian specimens might be a different species. Wings (female 4.84 mm and male 3.52 mm) hyaline with a brown-yellow area basal area and in cell r1. The subbasal cross band is extended between veins C and A1. Both subbasal and discal crossbands are separated by a yellow area. Discal and preapical crossbands are also separate but without any coloured area. Apical and subapical crossbands are joined together. Oviscape length is 2.55 mm and aculeus length is 2.8 mm. Aculeus with three distinct steps (Fig. 9 B & C). Spicules are semi-circular and compact on the distal eversible membrane, triangular in the middle, and irregular to triangular on the proximal eversible membrane. Aedeagus 5.9 mm long with 0.94 mm long glans. Glans with broad vasica. Epandrium appleshaped in posterior view. Proctiger is higher than the epandrium.</p> <p> <b>Material examined:</b> 8 ♂ and 10 ♀, [reared ex] <i>Cirsium</i>, INDIA, Himachal Pradesh, Solan, Nauni, 30°51’24”N 77°10’17”. 2.vii.2020, Maneesh. Voucher specimens with first author, Himachal Pradesh, India and Department of Entomology, Dr. Yashwant Singh Parmar University of horticulture and Forestry Nauni, Solan, Himachal Pradesh, India.</p> <p> <b>Host plant:</b> <i>Cirsium</i> sp. (species unknown)</p>Published as part of <i>Singh, Maneesh Pal, Daroch, Rakesh, Korneyev, Severyn V. & Sharma, Isha, 2023, A new species of genus Tephritis Latreille and a new distribution record of genus Urophora Robineau-Desvoidy, from India, pp. 336-348 in Zootaxa 5375 (3)</i> on pages 346-348, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5375.3.2, <a href="http://zenodo.org/record/10199917">http://zenodo.org/record/10199917</a>
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