178,709 research outputs found
Modelling state in mind and machine
No full textThis paper discusses and illustrates the application of Empirical Modelling (EM), as developed by the author and his collaborators, to computer programming. The discussion centres on the perspective EM gives on procedural and experiential vs. declarative and logical approaches to knowledge representation. The illustration focuses on demonstrating the potential for pedagogical use of EM in teaching algorithms. It is based on a family of practical models that have been developed to teach the principles of heapsort
Construals as a complement to intelligent tutoring systems in medical education
No full textThis is a preliminary version of a report prepared by Meurig and Will Beynon in conjunction with a poster paper "Mediating Intelligence through Observation, Dependency and Agency in Making Construals of Malaria" at the 11th International Conference on Intelligent Tutoring Systems (ITS 2012) and a paper "Construals to Support Exploratory and Collaborative Learning in Medicine" at the associated workshop on Intelligent Support for Exploratory Environments (ISEE 2012). A final version of the report will be published at a later stage after feedback from presentations at these events has been taken into account, and the experimental versions of the JS-EDEN interpreter used in making construals have been developed to a more mature and stable form
A new test to study the cyclic hardening behaviour of a range of high strength rail materials
No full textAbstract not availableS. Khoddam, A.H. Shamdani, P. Mutton, R. Ravitharan, J.H. Beynon, A. Kapoo
Computing for construals in distributed participatory design : principles and tools
No full textDistributed participatory design aspires to standards of inclusivity and humanity in introducing technology to the workplace that are hard to attain. The demands it makes upon the development and use of computing technology are particularly topical, as the potential for automation and distribution through embedded and mobile devices continues to develop. Standard views of computation propose ways in which to interpret all products of computing as programs, but give limited conceptual support for understanding computer-based design artifacts whose role in communication and elaboration eludes capture in a functional specification. Empirical Modelling is a body of principles and tools that can be applied to the development of a variety of computer-based artifacts relating to analysis, design and use that are most appropriately interpreted as construals rather than programs. This paper, a revised and extended version of Beynon and Chan (2006), illustrates some of the ways in which Empirical Modelling principles can be used in developing construals that can assist distributed participatory design. The theme adopted for illustrative purposes is that of understanding the quintessentially British game of cricket, renowned for the complexity and subtlety of its rules and its rich concepts and vocabulary
The computation of green functions of finite chevalley groups of type En (n=6,7,8)
No full textThe main purpose of this report is to present tables of Green functions for the finite groups (n=6,7,8). It is intended to complement our paper (Beynon and Spaltenstein, 1982) in which the mathematical significance and interpretation of these results is discussed in detail. A brief account of the computation is also included; some of the technical details may be of interest to others wishing to develop similar programs
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
No full textWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Effects of surface defects on rolling contact fatigue of 60/40 brass
No full textA study into effects of surface defects on rolling contact fatigue of 60/40 brass under a maximum contact pressure of 600 MPa and a slide–roll ratio of ?1% was undertaken on a twin-disc rolling–sliding test machine. Furrows (transverse and longitudinal) and dents (conical and diamond) were artificially introduced into a disc surface, and surface microcracks and pits were monitored by means of surface replication. The detailed analyses revealed that high surface contact pressure and subsurface stresses from the indentation shoulders are the main cause of surface spall failure. There is a clear defect size effect on the disc cycling life. The transverse and longitudinal furrows have a less damaging effect than the conic and diamond dents. The presence of a surface indentation can modify the elastohydrodynamic lubrication condition and the film thickness, which increase pressure and stress concentration on the trailing edge of the defect. The shape of the dent changes during the first few contact cycles. The spall initiating site is coincident with the edge of the original dent instead of the edge of the deformed dent. The spall starts with a crack initiating near the surface at the trailing edge and propagating downward to the depth of the maximum stress in a smooth Hertzian contact. The residual compressive stress around the dents, following indentation, is beneficial to prolonging the contact fatigue life
"Closing the R&D Gap, Evaluating the Sources of R&D Spending"
No full textBoth spending and tax policies have been implemented in the United States with the goal of stimulating private sector research and development (R&D). Karier questions whether current R&D policy, especially the research and experimentation tax credit, can contribute to closing the gap between nondefense expenditures on R&D in the United States and such expenditures in other countries, such as Japan and Germany. He also explores possible changes to our current R&D policy to make it more effective.
Metis meets empirical modelling : from ancient wisdom to emerging technology
No full textThe Métis project brings together a global virtual team for the collective creation of an advocacy advertainment film for the 2008 Beijing Olympics. This team includes computer and human scientists, artists, NGO officers, students, global Olympics volunteers and industrial partners from Europe, Africa, China and North America. The ambitious scope of Métis demands a technology for cooperation that can address the intercultural mediation of creative and innovative processes and that is highly adaptive to unstable contexts and unpredictable situations. As is suggested by its motto: 'Shooting the film while building the camera', Métis envisages the development of such a technology and infrastructure for cooperation as part of the concurrent responsibility of the global virtual team. This paper reviews the progress of the Métis project to date, with specific reference to the broad challenges being faced in deploying current technologies for computer-supported collaborative working and learning (CSCW/CSCL). These challenges, which stem from the diversity of the cultures, contexts and processes for creation, communication and production represented in Métis, relate yet more broadly and generally to topical issues concerning eAdoption worldwide. The paper discusses the prospects for addressing these issues with reference to the future emerging technology of Empirical Modelling
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