122 research outputs found
Sub Prime Crisis: Old and New Lessons
No full textUsing generation approach we examine the genesis and mechanisms in major financial crisis and focus on the recent sub – prime crisis. We believe that in the era of increased financial globalization a reliable approach has to consider besides fundamental factors multiple equilibriums and self – fulfilling character of financial crises. In recent global crisis again financial globalization implemented in periods of high international capital mobility have reputedly produced international banking crises. Progressing integration and increasing sophistication of the product and financial markets brought new forms and more global character of the crises events in the recent sub – prime crisis.financial crisis, sub-prime crisis, financial globalization, international capital, financial market
SLEEP DISORDERED BREATHING AND TREATMENT
No full textIzhodišča. Motnje dihanja v spanju predstavljajo za ljudi, ki bolehajo za to diagnozo, velik javnozdravstveni problem, saj jim onemogočajo boljšo kakovost življenja. Obolevnost teh bolnikov in posledično tudi umrljivost sta povečani. Prav zato je pomembno, da pravočasno ugotovimo vzroke slabega spanja, jih pravočasno zdravimo in s tem izboljšamo kakovost bolnikovega spanja in življenja.
Namen. Namen magistrskega dela je predstaviti in opisati oblike motenj spanja in motenj dihanja v spanju ter zdravljenje. Izpostavili smo sindrom obstruktivne apneje v spanju in njegovo zdravljenje. Predstavili smo tudi vlogo medicinske sestre pri obravnavi bolnika z motnjami dihanja v spanju.
Raziskovalna metodologija. Magistrsko delo je teoretično. Pregledali smo obstoječo strokovno in znanstveno domačo in tujo literaturo. Uporabili smo deskriptivno metodo in metodo kompilacije.
Sklep. Pomembno je, da ljudje z ugotovljeno motnjo dihanja v spanju pravočasno in odkrito spregovorijo o težavah, s katerimi se srečujejo, saj je le tako lahko zdravljenje uspešno. Velik vpliv na bolnike z ugotovljeno motnjo dihanja v spanju imajo tudi njihovi svojci, saj so tudi oni pomemben člen v multidisciplinarnem timu. Z zdravljenjem se izboljšata kakovost bolnikovega življenja in kakovost življenja svojcev.Basis. Sleep-disordered breathing represent for people who suffer from this diagnosis a major public health problem, since preventing them a better quality of life. Disease rate of people for this diagnosis is increased and consequently because of that also mortality. For that, it is important to reveal the causes of bad sleep in time, threat them in time and thus improve the quality of sleep or life and quality of lives of their relatives.
Purpose. The purpose of the master degree is to present and describe forms of sleep disorders and sleep-disordered breathing and treatment. We have exposed the syndrome of obstructive sleep apnea and its treatment. We have exposed also the role of nurses among patients who are faced with respiratory disorders while sleep.
Research methodology. Master\u27s thesis is theoretical. We have reviewed existing scientific literature and professional domestic and foreign literature. We have used descriptive method and method of compilation.
Conclusion. It is important that people with known sleep-disordered breathing, in time and openly speak out about the problems they encounter, because only so the treatment is successful. A major impact on patients with known sleep-disordered breathing have their relatives, because they are also an important part of the multidisciplinary team, since this improves the quality of patient\u27s life as well as the quality of life of v their relatives
Aldosterone, aldosterone receptor blockers and chronic kidney disease
No full textChronic kidney disease (CKD) is a worldwide
public health problem and an important risk
factor for cardiovascular events, morbidity and
mortality. The renin-angiotensin-aldosteron
system (RAAS) drugs, angiotensin-converting
enzyme inhibitors and/or angiotensin receptor
blockers contribute to a better evaluation
of patients with CKD. Despite good efficacy of
mentioned drugs, progressive decline of kidney
function was observed, suggesting a hypothesis
that both aldosterone activity related mechanism
and some RAAS independent mechanisms may
result in progressive kidney failure.
The author of the article described the role of aldosterone
and aldosterone receptor blockers in
patients with CKD
Effect of high-energy and high-protein oral nutritional supplements on nutritional status of haemodialysis patients
No full textThe role of regulatory subpopulations and cytokine-stat signaling pathways of cd4+ t lymphocytes in patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia
No full textUvod
Kronično limfocitno levkemijo (KLL) označuje kopičenje patoloških B limfocitov, ob tem je spremenjena homeostaza CD4+ T limfocitov, med katerimi imajo največje imunosupresivno delovanje aktivirani T regulatorni limfociti (aTreg).
Namen naše raziskave je bil proučiti signalizacijo homeostatskih citokinov, opredeliti spremembe subpopulacij T regulatornih limfocitov med stadiji KLL in v primerjavi z zdravimi preiskovanci ter njihovo povezavo z razširjenostjo bolezni in pogostostjo resnih okužb.
Bolniki in metode
S pretočno citometrijo smo spremljali aktivacijo signalnih poti (fosforilacijo STAT proteinov) in subpopulacije T regulatornih limfocitov glede na stadij bolezni in oceno tumorske mase (TTM) pri 56 bolnikih s KLL in 20 zdravih preiskovancih.
Rezultati
Ugotovili smo značilno višje ravni fosforiliacije STAT3 in STAT5 proteinov pri zdravljenih bolnikih s KLL. Delež aTreg je bil značilno povečan pri bolnikih s KLL z napredovalo boleznijo in v značilni pozitivni povezavi s TTM. Za podskupino bolnikov z večjim deležem aTreg ob začetku zdravljenja so bile med spremljanjem značilne pogostejše resne okužbe.
Zaključki
Večji delež aTreg predstavlja možen označevalec težjega poteka bolezni z infekcijskimi zapleti. Povečana homeostatska signalizacija bi lahko podpirala pomnožitev aTreg, saj so bile zvišane ravni fosforiliracije STAT5 povezane z večjimi deleži aTreg med spremljanjem bolnikov na zdravljenju (in po stimulaciji z antigeni SARS-CoV-2 in vitro).Introduction
Chronic lymphocytic leukaemia (CLL) is characterised by the accumulation of pathological B lymphocytes, with altered homeostasis of CD4+ T lymphocytes, among which activated T regulatory lymphocytes (aTreg) have the highest immunosuppressive activity.
The aim of our study was to investigate homeostatic cytokine signalling and to characterize changes in Treg subsets between stages of CLL, in comparison with a healthy population, and in relation to the course of the disease/incidence of serious infections.
Patients and Methods
Flow cytometry was used to monitor the activation of signalling pathways (phosphorylation of STAT proteins) and Treg subpopulations according to disease stage and total tumour mass (TTM) score in 56 patients with CLL and 20 healthy subjects.
Results
We found significantly higher phosphorylation levels of STAT3 and STAT5 proteins in treated CLL patients. aTreg proportion was significantly increased in CLL patients with advanced disease and significantly positively correlated with TTM. The subgroup of patients with higher aTreg proportion at treatment initiation was characterised by more frequent serious infections during follow-up.
Conclusions
A higher proportion of aTreg represents a possible marker of a more severe disease course with infectious complications. Increased homeostatic signalling could support aTreg expansion, as elevated levels of STAT5 phosphorylation were associated with higher aTreg proportions during follow-up of patients on treatment (and after stimulation with SARS-CoV-2 antigens in vitro)
HEALTH-RELATED QUALITY OF LIFE AND EXISTENTIAL CONCERNS AMONG PATIENTS WITH END-STAGE RENAL DISEASE
No full textV magistrski nalogi se ukvarjamo s preučevanjem z zdravjem povezane kakovosti življenja pacientov s končno ledvično boleznijo, ki predstavlja kronično ledvično bolezen (KLB) stopnje 5D. V nalogi sta analizirana koncepta kakovosti življenja pacientov s KLB zdravljenih s hemodializo in vpliv bolezni na njihovo kakovost življenja.
V teoretičnem delu naloge je podan pregled strokovne literature in opravljenih raziskav s področja z zdravjem povezane kakovosti življenja in eksistencialne skrbi pri pacientih s KLB. Opredeljeni so pojmi kakovosti življenja, KLB in eksistencionalnih skrbi oz. težav hemodializnih pacientov. Opisani so tudi dejavniki pomembni za kakovost življenja hemodializnih pacientov. Na koncu teoretičnega dela naloge se ukvarjamo s pomenom in kakovostjo zdravstvene vzgoje pacientov s KLB in vlogo nosilke zdravstvene vzgoje pri teh pacientih, medicinske sestre.
V empiričnem delu naloge so z rezultati raziskave podani podatki o eksistencialnih težavah pacientov s KLB zdravljenih s hemodializo. Uporabli smo raziskovalni vprašalnik, ki je povzet po lestvici Kidney Disease Quality of Life-Short Form (KDQOL-SF™). Ugotavljali smo odnos pacientov do življenja na psihosocialnem in eksistencionalnem nivoju ter odnos in zadovoljstvo istih pacientov z zdravstvenim osebjem in zdravstveno oskrbo.
Rezultati so pokazali, da imajo anketiranci težave pri izvajanju rednih dnevnih aktivnosti in opravljanju dela ali jih te aktivnosti zelo ali delno omejujejo (p<0,001), da se pri anketiranih pojavljajo depresija in občutek tesnobe (p<0,0001). Ugotovili smo, da ima bolezen pri večini pacientov vpliv na njihovo življenje (71,8%), da jim bolezen jemlje prosti čas (48,7%), da manj kot polovica vprašanih sprejema svojo bolezen (47,4%), da pa se v večini ne čutijo v breme družini (61,6%). Nadalje smo ugotovili, da pacienti na hemodializi, ki svoje zdravje ocenjujejo za šibkejše (p<0,006). Rezultati so tudi pokazali, da je 51,3% vprašanih zadovoljna z obravnavo in oskrbo zdravstvenega osebja.In the thesis we are dealing with the study of health-related quality of life in patients with end-stage renal disease, known as chronic kidney disease (CKD) stage 5D. The paper analyzed the concepts of life quality in patients with the CKD treated with hemodialysis and the impact of the disease on their quality of life.
The theoretical part provides an overview of the scientific literature and research carried out in the area of health-related quality of life and existential concerns in patients with CKD. The concepts of quality of life, CKD and existential concerns or problems of patients on hemodialysis are defined. The factors relevant to the quality of life for these patients are also described. At the end of the theoretical part of the paper the meaning and quality of health education in patients with CKD and the role of agents of health education (i.e. nurses) for these patients are discussed.
In the empirical part of the thesis the results of a study present data on existential problems in patients with CKD treated with hemodialysis. We used a research questionnaire, which is taken form the scale Kidney Disease Quality of Life Short Form (SF-KDQOL ™). We investigated the patients’ relationship with life on psychosocial and existential level as well as their attitude and satisfaction with the same medical staff and health care. The results showed the participants in the survey have difficulties in implementing regular daily activities and performance of work and that these activities limit them partially or a lot (p<0.001) that depression and anxiety are occurring at (p <0.0001). We found out the disease has the impact on most patients’ lives (71.8%) that the disease takes away their free time (48.7%) that less than half of the people asked accepts their disease (47.4%), and they do not feel to be the burden for the family (61.6%). Furthermore, we established that patients on hemodialysis that rate their health to be weaker, tend to sleep worse at night (p<0.006). The results also showed that 51.3% of respondents are satisfied with the treatment and care of medical personnel
Dietary knowledge of patient with chronic kidney disease
No full textV diplomski nalogi smo se osredotočili na poznavanje prehrane bolnikovs kronično ledvično boleznijo. Želeli smo ugotoviti, v kolikšni meri se bolniki držijo dietnih priporočil in poznajo pomen kalija, fosfata, beljakovin in soli v prehrani.In the thesis we focused on the knowledge of the diet of patients with chronic kidney disease
Chronic kidney disease and knowledge of non- pharmacological measures of patients with chronic heart failure
No full textUvod: Pri bolnikih s kroničnim srčnim popuščanjem je kronična ledvična okvara zelo
pogosto prisotna. V zaključnem delu smo preučili vrednosti serumskega kreatinina in
ocenili ledvično funkcijo z oceno glomerulne filtracije po Chronic Kidney Disease
Epidemiology Collaboration enačbi pri bolnikih, ki se zdravijo v Ambulanti za srčno
popuščanje. Namen zaključnega dela je bil ugotoviti, kolikšna je pogostost in katere
stopnje je kronična ledvična bolezen pri bolnikih s kroničnim srčnim popuščanjem, ter
njihovo poznavanje nefarmakoloških ukrepov za izboljšanje zdravja.
Metode: Uporabili smo kvantitativno metodo raziskovanja. Za obdelavo in analizo
podatkov smo uporabili računalniške programe Microsoft Word, Microsoft Excel in SPSS
različica 20.
Rezultati: V raziskavo smo vključili 85 bolnikov. Po pregledu vrednosti serumskega
kreatinina smo ugotovili, da je imelo 30 % bolnikov povišano vrednost serumskega
kreatinina. Glede na oceno glomerulne filtracije je imelo kronično ledvično bolezen 37,6
% bolnikov. Pri več kot dveh tretjinah (72,9 %) bolnikov je bilo prepoznano slabše
delovanje ledvic. Ugotovili smo, da večina 97,6 % bolnikov dobro pozna nefarmakološke
ukrepe.
Razprava in sklep: Z oceno glomerulne filtracije lahko natančneje določimo stopnjo
kronične ledvične bolezni in tako prepoznamo slabše delovanje ledvic. Bolniki z dobrim
poznavanjem in upoštevanjem nefarmakoloških ukrepov že sami pripomorejo k
ugodnemu vplivu na potek zdravljenja in kakovost življenja. Pomembno vlogo pri
poznavanju nefarmakoloških ukrepov ima tudi medicinska sestra, saj v ambulanti
prevzema aktivno in samostojno vlogo pri izvajanju zdravstveno vzgojnega svetovanja.Introduction: Patients with congestive heart failure (CHF) are more likely to have chronic
kidney disease. The aim of the study was to assess the levels of serum creatinine in
patients with CHF and the level of their kidney function using the Chronic Kidney Disease
Epidemiology Collaboration equation (CKD-EPI). The purpose of this study was to
determine the frequency and the level of kidney function in patients with CHF, who were
treated in Congestive heart failure clinic. The study also researched the knowledge of
non-pharmacological treatment in patients with CHF.
Methods: The study was conducted using quantitative methodology of research. The
data was analyzed and depicted using Microsoft Office software and IBM SPSS Statistics
20.
Results : The study analysed and surveyed 85 patients. The results showed that 30 % of
analysed patients had above recommended levels of serum creatinine. Using the
assessment of glomerular filtration, 37.6 % patients had chronic kidney disease. More
than two thirds of patients (72.9 %) had impaired kidney function. Almost all of the
surveyed patients (97.6 %) had good knowledge of non-pharmacological treatment.
Discussion and Conclusion: Glomerular filtration is a diagnostic measure that
determines the stage of chronic kidney disease. Patients with good knowledge of nonpharmacological treatment can contribute to better health outcomes and quality of life.
Nurses also have important role in managing patients with CHF. It is vital that nurses
who work in Congestive heart failure clinics possess knowledge about nonpharmacological measures, because their role includes active and independent
participation in a patient treatment
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