112 research outputs found
Echte meeldauw speelt kiekeboe in aardbei
No full textDroog- en warm weer is echt meeldauwweer, staat in boekjes over de teelt van aardbei. PPO-onderzoeker Bert Evenhuis zette in het kader van onderzoek naar schimmelbestrijding in aardbei op een rij onder welke omstandigheden echte meeldauw het beste gedij
Leylaiya pellea Evenhuis & Kettani 2018, n. sp.
No full textLeylaiya pellea Evenhuis & Kettani, n. sp. (Fig. 4) Diagnosis. This species can easily be separated from the only other known Mediterranean species, Leylaiya mimnermia, by the dark occipital, thoracic, and abdominal coloration (occiput, thorax and abdomen predominantly yellow with yellowish orange pattern in L. mimnermia). Using the key to species of Leylaiya in Gharali & Evenhuis (2011), this species is stymied at couplet 3. Veins M1 and R4+5 are neither parallel nor do they converge, but in contrast diverge at the wing margin due to the curved M1 (cf. Fig. 4). Description. Male (Fig. 4). Length: 0.88 mm. Head. Predominantly dark brown (occiput damaged in holotype); eyes dichoptic, separated at vertex by two times distance between lateral ocelli; frons brown, thin yellow-white line along eye margin; face and clypeus brown; antennae yellowish brown; scape minute; pedicel cylindrical, slightly wider than long; flagellomere lanceolate-conical, length about three times greatest width, with minute apical style; proboscis yellowish brown, thick, length ca. four times head height (extended condition); labrum sclerotized, stiff, pointed apically, length two times head height. Thorax. Mesonotum yellowish with three black dorsal longitudinal vittae, later most extending from posterior to humeral mark to scutellum, medial vitta from anteriormost portion of mesonotum to prescutellar area, continuing to scutellum as fine line; scutellum yellowish white; scutum and scutellum with scattered pale hairs; humeral callus, interhumeral mark, notopleural line to wing base, supra alar area, post alar callus, and pleura (except katepimeron) yellow; katepimeron yellow, brown anteroventrally. Halter stem and knob white. Legs. Coxae and legs white. Wing. Hyaline; veins brown; vein Sc incomplete, ending at level slightly beyond origin of Rs; R4+5 very slightly curved to wing margin; vein M1 thin, almost evanescent, curved toward wing margin, diverging from R4+5; M2 fairly straight to wing margin; fringe of hair on posterior margin of wing minute. Abdomen. Tergites I–IV brown, with yellow as thin line posteriorly; tergites III–VIII yellowish brown; venter white. Genitalia. Not dissected. Hypopygium shining yellowish brown with dark brown and sharply pointed pseudosurstyli. Female. Unknown. Types. Holotype male from Morocco: 17 km NWW Tiznit, beach, 29.749°N, 9.892°W, 9 Apr 2015, C. Schmid-Egger. Holotype deposited in BPBM. Remarks. This marks the northwestern-most record of Leylaiya on the African continent. With further collecting, it may well be found in adjacent countries and may be more widespread than currently known. The senior author has at hand other undescribed species from Niger and Zimbabwe. Specimens have been observed in Libya but are currently unavailable for study. Distribution: Known only from the type locality in Morocco.Published as part of Evenhuis, Neal L. & Kettani, Kawtar, 2018, Genera of Mythicomyiidae (Insecta, Diptera) new to the fauna of Morocco, with descriptions of new species, pp. 348-356 in Zootaxa 4429 (2) on pages 351-352, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4429.2.9, http://zenodo.org/record/128403
Doliopteryx fratris Gharali & Evenhuis 2017, sp. nov.
No full textDoliopteryx fratris, sp. nov. (Figs 3, 4) Type material. Holotype ♂ (dried by HMDS), 20 ♂ and 20 ♀ paratypes (in 96% alcohol), Nodahak, 13 July 2017, N 35°58'32.86" E 49°35'45.57", 1328 m a.s.l., Leg. B. Gharali (HMIM); 44 ♂ and 56 ♀ paratypes, same data as holotype (in alcohol) (BPBM); 31 ♂ and 26 ♀ paratypes, same data as holotype (in alcohol) (MTD); 20 ♂ and 20 ♀ paratypes, same data as holotype (BG). Diagnosis. In the key to the world species of Doliopteryx (Evenhuis, 2000), Doliopteryx fratris, sp. nov. runs to couplet 10 where our species is easily separated from the two described species, Doliopteryx tigrina, Evenhuis and D. arava, Evenhuis by the color patterns of mesonotum and scutellum. In Doliopteryx fratris, sp. nov. the black lateral stripes of the mesonotum do not reach the scutellum; the lateral portion of the mesonotum posterior to the postpronotal lobe and the entire scutellum are yellow while in the two mentioned species, the mesonotal black lateral stripes reach the scutellum, and the lateral portion of the mesonotum posterior to the postpronotal lobe is black while the scutellum is yellow only medially. Description. Lengths: body: 1–1.2 mm; wing: 0.70–0.76 mm. Head (Fig. 3a, b) oval, occiput and mentum expanded posteriorly so that head is longer than high; mentum yellow, brownish basally; face yellow except oral margin narrowly black; frons yellow; occiput black dorsally, yellow laterally with oblong brownish mark on gena; vertex black except narrow yellow line just behind anterior ocellus; lateral ocelli situated at level equal to posterior eye margin, farther from each other than from anterior ocellus; eyes dichoptic; antenna (Fig. 3c) with scape wider than long, yellow; pedicel brownish, wider than long; first flagellomere brown, oblong oval, length 1.6 times greatest width; second flagellomere brown, cylindrical, length 1.4 width, style hyaline, slightly smaller than second flagellomere; proboscis brownish, pointed apically, subequal to head length. Thorax. Mesonotum (Fig. 3a) yellow with three black stripes, lateral one starting just behind postpronotal lobes and extending to postalar calli, medial one starting from anterior margin of mesonotum and ending much before scutellum leaving yellow prescutellar area; postpronotal lobes yellow; notopleural stripe yellow from humeral callus to post alar calli; scutellum yellow; prosternum brown; lower half of katepisternum brown, upper half yellow; anepisternum yellow except brown mark at anteroventral corner; basal half of anepimeron brown, upper half yellow; katepisternum brown except upper margin narrowly yellow; meron anteriorly yellow, posteriorly brown; scutellum yellow; halter stem and knob yellow. Legs. Coxae brownish; femora yellow at base and apex, brownish medially, in lower margin darker; tibiae yellow; basal three segments of tarsi yellow, apical two segments brownish. Wing (Fig. 3d). Hyaline; costa brown, ending at junction with R4+5; Sc very narrow, incomplete, ending much before costa; Rs shorter than r-m crossvein; R2+3 turning up perpendicularly, meeting R1 and forming a small triangular cell; remainder of veins evanescent; M1 straight, basally separated from M2 by a distance longer than r-m crossvein; CuA1 fairly straight to wing margin; CuA2 slightly curved at wing tip. Abdomen. Tergites brown except posterior and lateral margins yellow, abdominal sternites completely yellow; hypopygium yellow. Genitalia. Epandrium (Fig. 4a) narrowing lateroventrally as two processes; cercus hyaline, triangular; gonocoxites (Fig. 4b) rectangular; gonostyli triangular, hollow basally; lateral aedeagal apodeme narrow, sinuous, basal aedeagal apodeme (Fig. 4c) very large, with two small processes proximally. Female. Similar to male. Female genitalia. Furca U-shaped (Fig. 4d), indented in lateral arm, extending inwardly as two subquadrate plates; common spermathecal duct long, same as sperm pump in width and structure; two lateral spermathecal pumps shorter than median pump, median pump 1.5 times longer than lateral ones, apical valve of sperm pump present; apical spermathecal duct very short; spermathecal reservoir darkly sclerotized, bulbous, with long beakshaped process. Etymology. The name of species, fratris, is Latin meaning “brother” and used in honor of Hamid Gharali, the brother of the senior author, whose curiosity led to finding the plant (Polygonum aviculare L.) that seems to be adult food source of this new species. After placing pan traps close to this plant we collected many specimens. Distribution. This species is currently known only from Nodahak village (Qazvin city) in northern Iran. Variability. Sometimes the black pattern on the mesonotum is coalesced into a large black mark instead of three separated stripes. The color of the prescutellar area varies from yellow to brownish yellow. Remarks. Specimens were collected from an area (Fig. 5) densely populated by different species of composite plants such as Carthamus oxyacantha M.Bieb. but we think these tiny flies are likely pollen feeders on tiny flowers of Polygonum aviculare L. because when we put our pans (about 100 pan traps) close to this plant, the number of adults increased noticeably and we were able to collect hundreds of specimens. It is worthy to note that many specimens of Iranotrichia insolita Winterton & Gharali, 2011 (Scenopinidae) and an undetermined species of gall midge (Cecidomyiidae) were collected along with these tiny flies.Published as part of Gharali, Babak & Evenhuis, Neal, 2017, First record of the genus Doliopteryx Hesse, 1956 (Diptera: Mythicomyiidae: Glabellulinae) from Iran, with description of two new species, pp. 393-400 in Zootaxa 4358 (2) on pages 397-399, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4358.2.12, http://zenodo.org/record/106815
Cyrtosia zieglerii Gharali & Evenhuis, sp. nov.
No full textCyrtosia zieglerii Gharali & Evenhuis, sp. nov. (Figs. 7 –8) Type material. Holotype male (dried by HMDS), Nodahak rangeland, Nodahak village, N 35°57', E 49°35', 1328 m a.s.l., 1 June 2009, Leg. B. Gharali (ZMHB); 2 males, 1 female paratypes, same data as holotype (in alcohol) (BPBM), 1 male, 1 female paratypes (male genitalia dissected, in alcohol), same data as holotype (BG). FIGURE. 8. Cyrtosia zieglerii sp. nov., male genitalia: a. epandrium dorsal view; b. gonocoxites and phallic complex. Diagnosis. Frons black except lower margin narrowly yellow; face and oral margin yellow; proboscis equal to head height; pronotum black, mesonotum black; scutellum black; halter stem yellow, knob white; epandrium with paired process on outer margin; gonocoxites apically with less sclerotized round plate and curved denticle, with two small plates apicomedially. Description. Holotype male (Fig. 7 a). Lengths. Body: 1.9 mm; wing: 2 mm. Head subglobular, slightly longer than high, eyes dichoptic, separated at vertex by 1.6 times distance between lateral ocelli; occiput, mentum and vertex black, frons (Fig. 7 b) black except lower margin narrowly yellow (next to base of antennae); face and oral margin yellow; antennae dark brown, scape minute; pedicel cylindrical, slightly wider than long; first flagellomere ellipsoid, length about 1.2 times greatest width; second flagellomere about one-half length of first, with minute apical style; proboscis sclerotized, labella slightly wide, fleshy, equal to head height; labrum sclerotized, stiff, pointed apically, slightly shorter than proboscis. Thorax. Pronotum black, mesonotum black (Figs. 7 c, e), matte; postpronotal lobe yellow; lateral margin from postpronotal lobe to postalar callus yellow interrupted widely with black stripes at wing base; scutellum black; halter stem yellow, knob white; pleura (Figs. 7 a, b) black except yellow on the following: propleuron completely, small spot posteromedially on anepisternum, upper margin of katepisternum, katepimeron and upper margin of anepimeron. Legs. Coxae brown (Fig. 7 d); femora brown except extreme apices yellow; tibiae brown; tarsal segments brown; claws black. Wing. Hyaline; Sc, Rs basally, vein separating basal cells and anal vein white to translucent; costal, radial, and medial veins brown; costa ends slightly beyond end of R4+5; vein Sc incomplete, ending at level about equal to origin of vein R2+3; vein R2+3 ends in wing margin equidistant from end of vein R1 and R4+5; cell dm open, without crossvein closing it apically; vein M1+2 onehalf length of fork point to margin of wing; length of cell br 1.5 times that of cell bm, anal cell narrowly open at wing margin; fringe of hair on posterior margin of wing minute. Abdomen. Tergites brown, posterior margin of all tergites narrowly yellow, laterally with sclerotized black dots; sternites almost all brown, posterior margins of sternites yellow. Male genitalia. Hypopygium dark brown; epandrium in lateral view subquadrate, higher than wide, with paired process on outer margin (Fig. 8a), short process above and long curved process below; lateral aedeagal apodemes large, triangular; basal aedeagal apodeme (Fig. 7 b) large, fan-shaped, extending to level of gonocoxal apodeme, with perpendicular long cylindrical process at base; aedeagal bulb very small (compared to the other Iranian species), narrowing to long aedeagus; gonocoxal apodeme widened as a quadrate plate apically; gonocoxites completely fused, triangular, apically with less sclerotized round plate and curved denticle, with two small plates apicomedially. Female. The female specimens are lighter than males in color and larger in size. Female genitalia. Not dissected. Etymology. The new species is named in honor of Dr. Joachim Ziegler, an outstanding Tachinidae taxonomist who supported the senior author for many years, especially during the 8th International Congress of Dipterology in Potsdam. Distribution. Cyrtosia zieglerii sp. nov. is currently known only from Nodahak village of Qazvin province. This species was collected using a Malaise trap installed in the rangeland inhabited by abundant composite plants with yellow flowers (Fig. 3 a). Remarks. Cyrtosia zieglerii is easily distinguished from the congeners in Iran by the almost all black frons and completely black scutellum. Using Engel’s (1933) key, C. zieglerii runs to C. maculithorax Engel, 1933 but is distinguished from it by the very long proboscis of the female, about 1.5 times longer than head height (as long as head height in C. maculithorax) and the yellow face (only the oral margin narrowly yellow in C. maculithorax). This species is superficially similar to C. marginata Perris, 1839 from Europe. Both species have long processes on the epandrium and almost all black frons but C. zieglerii sp. nov. is distinguished by the black color of the scutellum (in C. marginata the posterior margin of the scutellum is yellow).Published as part of Gharali, Babak & Evenhuis, Neal, 2017, Review of the genus Cyrtosia Perris (Diptera: Mythicomyiidae: Platypyginae) in Iran, with description of three new species, pp. 230-244 in Zootaxa 4269 (2) on pages 240-243, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4269.2.3, http://zenodo.org/record/58201
PPO beoordeelt verlaagde doseringen in demonstratieveld : aardappelen (Interview met Bert Evenhuis)
No full textApolysis glabrifrons Gharali & Evenhuis, sp. nov.
No full textApolysis glabrifrons Gharali & Evenhuis, sp. nov. Specimens examined: Holotype male and 4 males, 5 female paratypes from Joladak village, 36 ° 21 ' 7 ʺ N, 50 ° 32 ' 18 ʺ E, 2400 m elev., 15 May– 23 July 2007, white and yellow pan traps, Leg. Babak Gharali, 4 male 6 female paratypes, same data as holotype except 27 June– 21 August 2008, 5 male 4 female paratypes, same data as holotype except 1 July– 21 August 2009. Type depositories. Holotype and 4 paratypes [2 males, 2 females, 15 May– 23 July 2007] deposited in the collection of Tarbiat Modares University; 5 paratypes [2 males, 3 females, 1 July– 21 August 2009] in the personal collection of David Gibbs, 9 paratypes [4 males, 5 females, 27 June– 21 August 2008] in BPBM, 4 paratypes [2 males, 2 females, 1 July– 21 August 2009] in ZMHB, other paratypes [3 males, 3 females] in personal collection of first author. Description. Holotype. Male (Fig. 17): Length: 2.1 mm. Head. completely black, subglobular, slightly higher than long; eyes holoptic; ocellar tubercle prominent with few long whitish hairs; frons bare; gena narrow, gray pollinose; oral margin bare, occiput very narrow dorsally, swollen posteroventrally; occiput, mentum and gena with long, whitish hairs; maxillary palp black; labrum blackish brown, sclerotized, stiff, pointed apically, 1 / 2 as long as head; proboscis blackish brown, with fleshy wide tip, slightly longer than labrum; antennae blackish brown, 1 / 2 as long as head, antennal ratio: 1: 1: 2.6; scape obconical, about as long as wide; pedicel elliptical, wider than long; 1 st flagellomere clavate, length about 2 times its greatest width; lower margin straight, upper margin curved, apically rounded with an excavation; sensillum hyaline, as long as brown style. Thorax. Thorax as wide as head, dense gray pollinose anteriorly; mesonotum with scattered, whitish pubescence, longer and denser laterally between post pronotal lobe and transverse suture; postalar calli bare; scutellum blackish brown with long whitish hairs marginally; anepisternum dorsally with whitish long hairs; katepisternum, metapleuron, and meron bare. Legs. Coxa I and all femora blackish brown with sparse whitish hairs ventrally; coxae II & III with whitish hairs apicoventrally; tibia whitish pubescent; tarsi black; metatarsus as long as other segments combined; pulvilli white, as long as claws. Wing (Fig. 22). Hyaline, veins yellowish; costa ends at Cu 2 + A 1; subcostal cell clouded yellowish in apical half; br cell about as long as bm cell; junction of R 4 with R 5 about 1 / 2 distance from base of R 4 + 5 to wing margin; anal cell closed before wing margin by a distance subequal to r-m crossvein; M 1 straight, its apical section equal in length that of discal cell; M 2 straight, its length 0.6 that of discal cell; discal cell closed; alula and alar squama well developed, a fringe of hairs on posterior margin of wing shortest at wing tip becoming longer toward base. Abdomen. With scattered whitish pubescent; tergite II brown, other tergites brown with narrow whitish posterior margins, tergites II–V whitish laterally, remainder brown; sternites brown. Male genitalia. (Figs. 23, 25– 29). In lateral view epandrium rectangular, higher than long, brownish, apically less sclerotized and hyaline; cerci semicircular, exserted apically, about half the epandrium in length; gonocoxite long, triangular, slightly longer than epandrium, apically rounded, in ventral view gonocoxites fused, oval, tapering to apex with deep excavation apically, with two short, apicomesal lobes; gonostyli comma-shaped, bifid apically; epiphallus conical tapering to rounded tip; aedeagal bulb large; basal aedeagal apodeme narrow, two times the lateral apodeme in length, elliptical; lateral apodeme rectangular. Female. (Fig. 18) as male except following characters: Eyes dichoptic, separated at vertex by two times distance between lateral ocelli; frons depressed medially, almost bare with a few hardly visible yellowish pubescent at eye margins. Female genitalia: (Figs. 19–21). Furca U-shaped, thinly sclerotized, sclerotization interrupted at the base of lateral arms, membranous medially; apical spermathecal duct long, thin, membranous, its length about 13 times that of sperm pump, broadening gradually to apex, with a bulbous expansion next to sperm pump; spermathecal reservoir elliptical, short, black, well sclerotized, its length one half that of sperm pump; sperm pump with sclerotized papillae laterally, both sclerotized collars well developed, sperm pump 0.8 times lateral arm of vaginal apodeme and 2 times spermathecal reservoir in length; basal spermathecal ducts short, membranous; common duct and vaginal opening membranous. Distribution. Iran (Ghazvin province). Etymology. The specific name derived from the Latin, glabri = bare + frons; referring to absence of hairs on the frons. Diagnosis: Apolysis glabrifrons sp. nov. is similar to A. gobiensis Zaitzev, 1975 but is distinguished from it by the bare face and frons (frons and face hairy in A. gobiensis), long white hairs of the occiput (with forwardly oriented black hairs in A. gobiensis) and shorter 1 st flagellomere of the antennae, 1.2 times as long as basal segments combined (1 st flagellomere 2 times as long as basal segments combined in A. gobiensis), and the male gonostyli bifid apically and comma-shaped, (with a lateral preapical denticle in A. gobiensis). Apolysis glabrifrons is similar to A. beijingensis but it is easily separated by blackish gray scutellum (yellow in A. beijingensis). Apolysis glabrifrons sp. nov. is also closely related to two Chinese species: A. beijingensis (Yang & Yang) and A. galba Yang et al., but our species is separated from the former by the short 1 st flagellomere, the length of which is only two times greatest width ( three times in A. beijingensis), the gray color of dusting in anterior half of mesonotum (white dusted in A. beijingensis) and the deep invagination of fused gonocoxites apically (shallow invagination with straight lower margin in A. beijingensis); and is separated from the latter by the short 1 st flagellomere (four times greatest width in A. galba), bare frons (with short sparse black erect hairs in A. galba), the gray color of dusting in anterior half of mesonotum (white dusted in A. galba), and the shape of spermathecal reservoir which is elliptical and without constriction medially (medially constricted in A. galba). Discussion. Based on a single damaged female specimen, Paramonov (1929) described Apolysis pusilla originally in Dagestania, deriving the genus-group name from the type locality. Paramonov placed his new species in a new genus because it did not fit in the three previous known genera with a closed discal cell, namely: Geron Meigen, 1820, Oligodranes Loew, 1844 and Parageron Paramonov, 1929. It differed from Geron by the bare antennae, small and non-cylindrical scape slightly longer than pedicel (not 2 1 / 2–3 times pedicel), oral cavity extending to base of antennae, and the absence of a face below the antennae; from Oligodranes by the short and one-segmented palpi (two segmented in Oligodranes); and from Parageron by the anal cell closed far from wing margin and the bare thorax. Papp (2005) described his A. szappanosi from Hungary and illustrated the male and female genitalia. Unfortunately, the female genitalia were incorrectly depicted and the sperm pump was not drawn and its position to other parts was not shown. Nevertheless, both A. szappanosi and A. pusilloides, have some shared male genitalic features: there is no lateral aedeagal apodeme and the basal aedeagal apodeme is moderately long and, at least in our species, flexible; also they have similar gonostyli: oblong oval, tapering to the end; and a short and conical epiphallus whose sclerite as long as basal plate; the gonocoxite has two inwardly oriented plates; the basal aedeagal apodeme is suddenly narrowed leaving the apical part as a notch; and the narrow ramus. Interestingly, the male genitalia of Parageron turkmenicus Paramonov, 1947 has similar features (David Gibbs pers. comm.). In females of all three species (A. szappanosi, A. pusilloides sp. nov. and A. pusilla), the spermathecal reservoir is black, well sclerotized, cylindrical and moderately long (in comparison with A. glabrifrons). Considering the genitalic similarity among these four species we feel these four species constitute a group of closely related species that we call the pusilla species group. At this moment because of unavailability of specimens from these four species we are not able to check all characters and find good diagnostic morphological characters to define this group. It is possible that this new finding may necessitate resurrection of Dagestania as a valid genus or subgenus, but without a comprehensive review of all species in the Palaearctic region, checking their types, examining their male and female genitalia, and considering the variation in this genus worldwide, we believe acting on this idea would be premature at this time. Except A. ornata (whose types are destroyed), each species of the genus Apolysis with a closed discal cell have been known from only female or only male specimens so it is somewhat difficult to accurately interpret their descriptions. Moreover, their descriptions included few characters and in a short and incomplete form. Also most species were described without illustrations. Only A. szappanosi Papp was described with both male and female genitalia illustrated while A. gobiensis Zaitzev and A. beijingensis Yang & Yang, 1994 have only male genitalia illustrations. Hence, a comprehensive review of this group of species is desirable for a better understanding of the range of variation of characters found in this genus. We thus feel that providing key to all the species of this genus is premature at this time and we provide only a key for Iranian species (see above) and a table dividing species in two groups to aid proper identification (Table 1). Apolysis albella Zaitzev, 1972 A. beijingensis (Yang & Yang, 1994) A. andalusiaca (Strobl, 1898) A. dolichorostris (Paramonov, 1947) A. cinerea (Perris, 1877) A. fumipennis (Loew, 1844) A. eremophila Loew, 1873 A. glabrifrons Gharali & Evenhuis sp. nov. A. montivaga Francois, 1969 A. gobiensis Zaitzev, 1975 A. major Zaitzev, 1975 A. langemarki (Francois, 1969) A. zaitzevi Evenhuis, 1990 A. ornata (Engel, 1932) A. pusilla (Paramonov, 1929) A. pusilloides Gharali & Evenhuis sp. nov. A. superba (Engel, 1933) A. szappanosi Papp, 2005Published as part of Gharali, Babak, Kamali, Karim, Evenhuis, Neal & Talebi, Ali Asghar, 2010, Two new species of the genus Apolysis (Apolysini, Bombyliidae, Diptera) from the north of Iran, pp. 41-52 in Zootaxa 2441 on pages 46-51, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.19496
- …
